Self-loading Pistol Serdyukov / SPS / SR-1 Review of design and history of creation 

Self-loading pistol Serdyukov SPS (index - 6P53) "Gyurza", also found under the name "Vector" - a self-loading pistol of special power of Russian production of 9x21 caliber, developed for the needs of the armed forces and special units of the Russian Federation in 1996, to replace the APS. The development was carried out by designers Pter Ivanovich Serdyukov and I. Belyaev at the TsNIITochmash enterprise as part of the Grach R&D program. Prototypes of the pistol were named RG055, RG055S, 6P53 , and entered service under the designation SR-1 (Special Development). Before this, the gunsmith Serdyukov is familiar to us for creating the VSS Vintorez rifle and the AS VAL assault rifle, as well as the SPP-1 underwater pistol.

History of creation

Over the past few decades, body armor has become widespread among various armies and illegal armed gangs around the world. Their use has become an obstacle to effectively hitting targets with pistols in service with the army and special forces. To solve this serious problem, the security forces of the Russian Federation in 1991 put forward a tactical and technical task for the development of a radically new complex, consisting of a cartridge and a pistol for it. The main requirements were the ability to combat targets in individual protection, as well as automotive equipment. Design Bureau TsNIITochmash took on the task, with Pyotr Serdyukov at the head of the team. In the same year, the first two prototypes were created under the name 6P53. However, the FSB considered the cartridge’s power to be excessive, so a TTZ was put forward, under the terms of which the cartridge’s power should be reduced, but the efficiency should remain at the required level. Based on the results of the development, P. Serdyukov produced two prototypes that met the new technical specifications (RG055 and RG055S). One of the samples was presented at the VTTV arms exhibition in Omsk in 1996 as the Gyurza pistol. Also in 1996, the pistol under the designation SR-1 was adopted by the FSB and the FSO of the Russian Federation. For the pistol, cartridges with low-ricochet, expansive and armor-piercing tracer bullets were developed under the symbols SP11, SP12 and SP13, respectively. A low-ricochet bullet is intended for indoor combat when there is a threat of hitting one’s own forces or civilians. The expansion bullet works great against targets without body armor, providing a good stopping effect. Armor-piercing tracer is suitable for various tasks. In 2003, the pistol was adopted by the armed forces, including army special forces. Since the same year, a modification of the SR-1M has been produced, in which the button on the back of the handle is larger and more convenient, and enamel elements are also applied to the front sight and rear sight.

SR-1MP - 9-mm self-loading pistol with a device for attaching accessories

The 9 mm modernized self-loading pistol SR1-MP with attachments for mounting accessories was developed in the R&D “Vozvyshenie-A”. The pistol is designed to defeat unprotected enemy personnel at ranges up to 100 m and protected by class 2 personal armor (body armor type 6B23) - at ranges up to 50 m. The development of structural elements and documentation for the 9 mm self-loading pistol SR1MP was carried out by V. V. Shishkov and S. V. Pivovarchik under the leadership of P. I. Serdyukov. THX -. (Self-loading pistol Serdyukov, "Gyurza", Index GRAU 6P53) - a pistol developed for special-purpose power units, according to the R&D program "Grach" by TsNIITochmash designers P. I. Serdyukov and I. V. Belyaev chambered for a cartridge of increased efficiency 9 × 21 mm mod. . 1995 (designation TsNIITochmash RG054) with a muzzle energy of a bullet of 635 J. Options and modifications: • pistol RG055 - pre-production version, during 1996 several pilot batches were manufactured, totaling about 2000 pieces. The bolt is rounded, the trigger guard is rounded, the pistol grip is made of rough dark gray plastic. • pistol "Gyurza" (RG055S) - export version of the pistol RG055. It is distinguished by careful external finishing with the image of a snake on the side surface of the bolt. • SR-1 pistol - mass-produced from December 1996 to 2000 for the FSO and FSB. Can use special ammunition. Shutter with longitudinal edges. The trigger guard has a modified shape, with a protrusion for the finger of the second hand. • pistol "Gyurza" (RG060) - export version of the SR-1 pistol. • SPS pistol - mass-produced since 2000 for special forces of the Ministry of Defense and SVR. It is distinguished by a modified pistol grip shape. Push-button magazine release located on the right side, instead of the double-sided one on the SR-1. The rear sight shape has been changed. • SR-1M pistol - a modification characterized by the ability to be used with various types of ammunition, including an expansive bullet. Handle with enlarged safety button. Push-button magazine release and frame like SPS. Sights have been changed. After replacing the magazine, the bolt is automatically removed from the slide stop. • SR1MP pistol - a modification characterized by the presence of grooves on the sides of the front part of the frame, to which a Picatinny rail can be attached for installing various additional devices on the weapon: collimator sights, laser target designators (LTD) and combat (tactical) flashlights. It is possible to install a silencer on the SR1MP pistol for quiet shooting. Characteristics: • Caliber, mm: 9 • Cartridge, mm: 9×21 mm • Weight, kg: 0.9 (without cartridges), 1.11 (loaded) • Barrel length, mm: 120 • Length, mm: 200 • Width, mm: 34 • Height, mm: 145 • Sighting range, m: 100 • Initial bullet speed, m/s: 435 • Type of ammunition: magazine for 18 rounds

Design, automation of SPS

1-bolt, 2-return spring stop, 3-return spring, 4-barrel, 5-frame assembly, 6-locker, 7-wedge, 8-trigger, 9-front safety, 10-magazine latch, 11- rear fuse, 12-sear, 13-rod, 14-trigger, 15-mainspring, 16-pillar, 17-drummer

The design of the SR-1 and SR-1M pistols is quite unusual for Russian and Soviet models. The automatic weapon operates on the principle of a short barrel stroke under the influence of recoil. This means that the barrel and bolt move together at the beginning of the charging cycle, then separate. Next, the barrel returns to its place, and the bolt ejects the cartridge case and sends the cartridge into the chamber. A vertically swinging larva under the trunk is responsible for locking the trunk. All these design solutions made it possible not only to use particularly powerful cartridges, but also to ensure the accuracy of fire and reliability of the SR-1. The pistol frame is made of two parts: the trigger guard and ergonomic handle are made of impact-resistant polymers and the upper part is made of steel-based weapon alloys. Also on the metal part of the frame there are guides for the bolt group. A double fuse ensures safety when wearing and using. To fire, you must first clasp the SPS with your entire palm and press the button on the back of the handle (the system is very similar to that of the American M1911). However, the button on the rear side is inconvenient and protrudes far beyond the handle (changed in SR-1M). Then press the trigger, simultaneously deactivating the second safety on the trigger itself. Its button is located right on the trigger. After the ammunition is used up, the pistol is placed on the slide stop. For faster reloading, the weapon is released from the delay after inserting a new magazine, without requiring any other operation on the bolt. The SR-1 or SR-1M box magazine holds 18 rounds. The SR-1MP modification also added ergonomic elements in the form of Picatinny rails and the ability to install a silent firing device.

9x21 cartridges for SPS "Vector" :

• 7N29 or SP10 - an armor-piercing bullet with a protruding core. Weight - 6.7 grams, initial speed - 410 m/s, muzzle energy - 635 J.
• 7N28 or SP11 - a bullet with a lead jacket with a reduced probability of ricochet. Weight - 7.9 grams, initial speed - 390-400 m/s, muzzle energy - 635 J.
• SP12 - expansion bullet. Weight - 6.7 grams, initial speed - 400-425 m/s, muzzle energy - 600 J.
• 7BT3 or SP13 - a cartridge with an armor-piercing tracer bullet. Weight - 7.2 grams, initial speed - 395-400 m/s, muzzle energy - 635 J.
• SP10U and SP-10UZ are training cartridges with regular and enhanced charges, respectively. No performance data available.

Self-loading pistol SR-1MP "Gyurza"

The 9-mm self-loading pistol “Gyurza” was developed in the early 1990s at TsNIITOCHMASH by Petr Ivanovich Serdyukov. At the end of 1996, it was adopted for the special forces of the FSO and FSB. The need for a pistol, which is radically different from the personal short-barreled weapons used in the army and in service with law enforcement agencies, special forces and intelligence services, appeared in the 1980s. The main reason is the widespread introduction of lightweight personal protective equipment of various classes into the armed forces of many countries around the world. For example, a Class 2 bulletproof vest at close range can withstand a 7.62mm steel-core bullet when fired from a TT, and a 9mm bullet from a standard NATO cartridge when fired from a Beretta M 92FS.

In addition to law enforcement agencies and armies, body armor began to be used by terrorist and criminal groups. As a rule, when using body armor, no more than 30 percent of the body is protected, however, the experience of combat use of personal weapons, especially by police, shows that most fire contacts are sudden and fleeting. In conditions of lack of time to accurately aim at vital organs, fire is directed at the body, which, when using protective equipment, makes it possible to survive and return fire.

Special forces soldiers have always needed to equip their weapons with devices that will ensure accurate and low-noise shooting. TsNIITOCHMASH designs took into account user suggestions. This is how a modification of this powerful and reliable pistol was born.

The SR-1M "Gyurza" automatic system works by using the recoil energy of the bolt during a short barrel stroke. The barrel bore is unlocked and locked by the bolt during interaction with the swinging lock. A double-action trigger-type trigger with an open trigger makes it possible to fire by self-cocking and from a combat cocking position. The cartridge feed from the 18-round detachable box magazine is spring-loaded. The magazine is located in the pistol grip. When changing the magazine, the cartridge is automatically sent to the chamber.

The Gyurza version SR-1MP was equipped with a special module with Piccatini rails. The straps are intended for mounting a collimator sight, tactical flashlight and laser target designator. A threaded ring is installed at the muzzle of the barrel, which serves to install a flameless and silent shooting device. The Gyurza SR-1MP pistol can be equipped with a collimator sight, a laser target designator, and a tactical flashlight. Sighting devices (front sight and rear sight) are located on the bolt. The pistol frame is made of armamid with reinforcement. This made it possible to significantly reduce the cost and weight of the weapon.

Safety is ensured by two independent fuses, allowing instantaneous opening of fire. One of the safeties is located on the back of the pistol handle, blocking the sear, the second is placed on the trigger, blocking it. The pistol controls are designed for left and right hands. For ease of aimed fire from both hands, there are notches on the front part of the trigger guard.

The SR-1M was developed specifically for the high-efficiency 9x21 mm cartridge. The following cartridges can be used in the pistol.

SP-10. It includes a jacketed bullet with a tungsten carbide core. An SP-10 bullet pierces a class III body armor at a distance of 100 meters, and a car’s cylinder head at a distance of 70 meters.

The SP-11 cartridge bullet has a lead core.

The SP-12 cartridge is equipped with an expansive bullet.

SP-13 has an armor-piercing tracer bullet.

In addition, 7N28, 7N29, 7BT3 cartridges can be used.

Technical characteristics of the SR-1M "Gyurza": Caliber - 9×21. Weight without cartridges - 900 g. Pistol length - 200 mm. Barrel length - 120 mm. The height of the pistol is 145 mm. The width of the pistol is 34 mm. The initial bullet speed is 420 meters per second. The target firing range is 100 m. The magazine capacity is 18 rounds. Rate of fire - 40 rounds per minute.

Prepared based on materials from: army-news.ru dokwar.ru www.arms-expo.ru rosinform.ru

Results

The SPS turned out to be a successful pistol, which successfully solved the problem of insufficient power of personal short-barreled weapons in service. Its powerful 9x21 SP10 cartridge is guaranteed to hit targets equipped with the third class of personal protection protection, while providing excellent stopping power, especially when using hollow-core ammunition. The range is also impressive: the SR-1 is capable of accurately firing at a distance of up to 100 meters, and 18 rounds in the magazine allow you to shoot for a long time. However, the gun also has its drawbacks. The complex design of the automation and the abundance of parts complicates repair and maintenance, while reducing the service life and reliability of the weapon. It is also necessary to note the safety, the button of which prevents cocking the hammer with the thumb of the holding hand and seriously protrudes from the handle. In narrow circles of specialists, a simple Russian solution is popular - the safety button was simply tightly taped to the handle with electrical tape.

SPS pistol modifications:

• RG055 is a pre-production model, manufactured in several trial batches in 1996.
• SR-1 is a serial modification produced from 1996 to 2000 for the FSB and FSO forces of the Russian Federation. Has the manufacturer's logo, the image of which varies depending on the manufacturer (TsNIITochmash or Mayak). It has ergonomic differences - a protrusion on the trigger guard for easy holding with two hands.
• RG060 "Gyurza " - SR-1, intended for export.
• SPS is a modification for special forces operatives of the Ministry of Defense and the Internal Security Service of the Russian Federation, produced since 2000. Ergonomic differences - a new shape of the handle, a magazine latch only on the right side, a new shape of sights. Production has been discontinued.
• SR-1M is a modification for the Federal Security Service and the FSB, launched into production in 2003. The safety button on the back of the handle has been changed (it has become more convenient due to its larger size). Design changes - automatic removal from the slide stop when inserting a new magazine. Full support for new types of ammunition.
• SR-1MP is a modified version of the SR-1M, which provides for mounting a silent firing device, tactical flashlights and laser designators, sights that can be mounted on a picatinny rail.

Performance characteristics of the Serdyukov Self-loading Pistol / SPS / SR-1 / SR-1M / “Gyurza” / “Vector”

Pistol Serdyukov SPS / SR-1 Vector / Gyurza (Russia)

Pistol SR-1 "Vector", early production version

The same pistol, right view

Pistol SR-1 "Vector" in comparison with the Makarov PM pistol

Pistol SR1M modern release

SR1MP pistol with an adapter with a Picatinny rail under the barrel and a special quick-release silencer

Drawing from a patent issued in 1995 to P. Serdyukov and I. Belyaev for the design of the RG055 / SR-1 / SPS pistol.

Partial disassembly of the Vector SR-1 pistol

USM

: Double action
Caliber
9×21 mm SP-10 and SP-11
Length
195 mm
Weight
990 grams without cartridges;
1200 g with 18 rounds Magazine capacity
18 rounds
Muzzle velocity
: 420 m/s

The pistol, previously known as RG055, SR-1 “Vector” or “Gyurza”, and in 2003 officially adopted by the Russian Armed Forces and the Ministry of Internal Affairs under the designation SPS - Serdyukov Self-loading Pistol, was developed at the Central Research Institute of Precision Engineering (Klimovsk) Pyotr Serdyukov and Igor Belyaev. The development of a new pistol complex (9mm cartridge of increased efficiency + pistol) was started at TsNIITOCHMASH in the early 1990s as part of the army competition "Rook", while two basic designs were tested - with a blowback and a movable barrel, and using recoil energy with a short stroke the barrel when it is tightly locked. The first system was not successful, but the pistol of the second design, although rejected by the army, aroused the interest of various Russian special services in the mid-1990s, in particular the FSB and the FSO. The main advantage of the new pistol was its very high effectiveness against targets protected by body armor or obstacles such as the sides of a car, for which the pistol received a specially created 9x21mm SP-10 cartridge (original designation RG052) with an armor-piercing bullet. Later, in addition to the SP-10, a number of 9x21mm caliber cartridges were developed, including cartridges with expansive and low-ricochet bullets. With the SP-10 cartridge, the pistol is capable of successfully hitting targets wearing class 3 body armor at ranges of up to 50 meters and even further. In addition, the SPS pistol has a fairly high magazine capacity and is adapted for operational use.

During production and operation, the Serdyukov SR1 pistol underwent a number of changes, and is currently produced under the symbol SR1M. This option has slightly improved ergonomics due to a change in the design of the magazine latch, an increase in the size of the automatic safety key on the handle and a number of other changes. In addition, customers are offered the SR1MP option, in which the SR1M pistol is equipped with a special adapter with one or four Picatinny rails, as well as a quick-release muffler. It should be noted that currently 9x21 live ammunition is produced only in versions with a supersonic bullet, and therefore the effectiveness of suppressing the sound of a shot is somewhat limited.

The SPS / SR1M pistol is built on the basis of automation using recoil energy during a short barrel stroke and its rigid locking by a larva swinging in a vertical plane located under the barrel (similar to the Walther P-38). The return spring is located around the movable barrel, for which a patented solution is used in the form of a special stop for the rear end of the spring, while the front end of the spring rests against the bolt. The pistol frame has a composite structure - its upper part is made of steel, and the pistol grip with trigger guard is made of durable plastic. The trigger mechanism of the pistol is double action, with an open hammer. The peculiarity of the trigger is that the self-cocking mode only works when the trigger is set to the intermediate “safety” cocking. The pistol does not have non-automatic safeties; instead, there are two automatic safeties - on the trigger and on the back of the handle. At the same time, if the pistol grip is incorrect or incomplete under stressful conditions, the handle safety may not be turned off, which will lead to the inability to fire with disastrous consequences for the shooter. Therefore, on early versions of the CP1 pistol, some users permanently disable the handle safety by wrapping the handle with tape or insulating tape. SPS sights are fixed and have white inserts to make aiming easier. The cartridges are fed from detachable box magazines with a capacity of 18 rounds. The magazine release button is located behind the trigger on the handle. Early production samples of the SR-1 did not have a slide stop; the SR1M pistols received a slide stop that was automatically turned off when a new magazine was inserted into the pistol.