"Saiga-12" - the legendary automatic carbine

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Saiga-12 smoothbore shotgun with a wooden butt and fore-end

Saiga-12 smoothbore shotgun with plastic butt and fore-end

The Saiga-12 smooth-bore self-loading carbine is intended for commercial and amateur hunting of small, medium-sized animals and birds in areas with any climatic conditions. The carbine has a smooth 12-gauge barrel with a chamber that allows the use of shot and slug cartridges, including Magnum, with case lengths of 70 and 76 mm. The carbine fires single fire with automatic reloading.

The automation works on the principle of removing powder gases through a hole in the barrel wall. The carbine can be equipped with a vertically and horizontally adjustable aiming bar, which increases the convenience of sighting and shooting at a moving target. The gas assembly of the carbine is adjustable to account for differences in the intra-ballistic characteristics of conventional cartridges and Magnum cartridges. To expand the operational capabilities, the carbine is designed with choke tubes having different choke constrictions, as well as a “Paradox” nozzle.

General information

"Saiga-12" is a self-loading hunting rifle developed by the Izhevsk Machine-Building Plant in 1997 on the basis of the AK-47. For firing, the weapon uses 12-gauge ammunition (18.3 mm), located in a plastic magazine, the capacity of which ranges from 2 to 8 rounds. The weapon is intended for catching small fur-bearing animals, shooting medium-sized predators, as well as hunting game birds. At the same time, Saiga-12 can be used in any climatic conditions, since its main advantage is reliability and high build quality (inherited from the Kalashnikov assault rifle).

It is not difficult to guess that the gun’s automatic operation is based on a gas exhaust mechanism, which was also present in the AK. The weapon also has a three-stage barrel locking system, which makes the process of its use as safe as possible for the hunter and those around him. However, unlike the legendary machine gun, Saiga-12 lost its self-timer, and a gas regulator appeared in the gas release mechanism. The gun effectively uses both conventional and reinforced ammunition (magnum) for shooting. The trigger mechanism is almost completely identical to that of the AK-47.

Saiga modifications

Despite the fact that not much time has passed since the release of Saiga (about 23 years), the weapon has already received a large number of official modifications. All this is due to the fact that the self-loading carbine is popular not only in Russia, but also in Europe, Asia and even America. Some of the modifications were developed for the needs of Western hunters or special militant units.

Saiga carbines are also used by special forces of militants

"Saiga-12"

The classic version of a self-loading smoothbore hunting rifle with a plastic (in rare cases wooden) fore-end and butt. The length of the rifle barrel can vary from 580 to 680 mm. The aiming device is a classic semi-open front sight, as well as an adjustable rear sight. On the receiver there is a dovetail sighting bar designed for mounting optical or collimator sights. The weapon has a low cost and is reliable and easy to maintain.

"Saiga-12S"

A modification of the classic 12-gauge shotgun with a folding plastic stock, as well as a special under-barrel handle for fire control (similar to some versions of the Kalashnikov assault rifle). As in the previous version, the barrel length can be 580 or 680 millimeters, however, practice shows that in most cases buyers choose a smaller option designed for close combat. There is no rear sight as standard, but it can be added upon request.

"Saiga 12K"

A self-loading shotgun, characterized by a shortened barrel and butt. Just like in the previous case, there is a handle for fire control. A locking mechanism was also introduced into the carbine, which does not allow the gun to be removed from the safety until the telescopic butt is folded back (like the “Death of the Chairman”). The barrel length is 430 mm, which makes the weapon incredibly powerful when fired at close ranges and practically useless when used from afar. Sights can be hunting or borrowed from the AK-47.

Carbine Saiga 12K Tactics 040-01 SVDS

"Saiga-12C-EXP-01"

The Saiga-12K modification, little known among Russian buyers, is distinguished by the absence of locking of the trigger mechanism (with the butt folded), and also has excellent build quality. Why haven't many people heard of it? Yes, simply because it was intended for export abroad. Now it is mainly used by American hunters, as well as special forces of the security forces of some countries, for example, the rapid reaction squad in Israel. In general, the weapon is extremely good, although finding it on sale is not easy.

Main modifications

• “Saiga 12” without a letter index is a self-loading smoothbore shotgun with a hunting plastic (or wooden) butt and fore-end. Barrel length 580 or 680 mm. Sighting devices - front sight and rear sight (or an adjustable sighting bar on special order) are located above the gas outlet tube.
• “Saiga-12S” is a version of the gun with a folding plastic stock, a fire control handle (similar to an AK assault rifle) and a hunting-type forend. Barrel length 580 or 680 mm. Sighting devices - front sight and rear sight (or an adjustable sighting bar on special order) are located above the gas outlet tube.
• "Saiga-12K", a shortened self-loading shotgun - a "smoothbore carbine". The butt and pistol grip (and in some versions, the fore-end) are borrowed from the Kalashnikov assault rifle. A locking mechanism has been introduced into the design, which does not allow the weapon to be removed from the safety until the butt is folded back. Barrel length 430 mm. Sights of the hunting or “automatic” type.
• “Saiga-12S EXP-01” is an export version of “Saiga-12K” (without a trigger mechanism locking device).

Performances

In addition to the models described, Saiga-12 also has several versions. Why is such a weapon not called a full modification? Yes, simply because the design changes in it are not so significant. Here is a list of the most common versions:

1. "Saiga-12 Spanish" 75" is a self-loading carbine with a quick-release wooden stock. A non-adjustable bar is used as a sighting device. The barrel length is fixed - 580 mm. The carbine is currently out of production.
2. “Saiga-12K-040” is a version of “Saiga-12K”, differing from the original version by an ergonomic handle, as well as a folding butt taken from the Dragunov sniper rifle. The weapon is currently out of production.

1. "Saiga-12 Spanish" 261" is a self-loading shotgun that has a wooden butt with a rotating cheekpiece (SVD type), as well as a magazine receiver. The carbine can also be equipped with a plastic butt. The model has been discontinued.
2. "Saiga-12S isp. 10" - a gun with an "automatic" stock and a fixed barrel length of 580 mm. It is distinguished by the absence of a trigger blocker - the shooter has the opportunity to fire with the butt folded.

1. "Saiga-12K isp. 278" - this self-loading gun has a magazine receiver called the "mine", as well as a plastic butt and pistol grip taken from a Kalashnikov assault rifle. The version is also equipped with various choke tubes.
2. "Saiga-12 Spanish" 340" is an improved self-loading shotgun that uses low-impulse cartridges for firing. It is also possible to quickly release the magazine without taking your hand off the handle.
3. "Saiga-12K isp. 043" is a smooth-bore carbine equipped with a magazine receiver, an adjustable aiming rib (11 millimeters), and a folding buttstock (with locking). Currently out of production.
4. “Saiga-12K isp.030”, “Saiga-12S isp. 031", "Saiga-12-EXP-01 isp. 030" - these three carbines are a service smoothbore carbine designed for the needs of civil servants. Equipped with a Picatinny sighting rail (22 mm) for attaching a body kit.

The Saiga-12C-EXP-01 carbine is actively used by government services

1. "Saiga-12K isp. 033" is a shortened version of the Saiga-12K 030 carbine, the barrel length of which is only 330 mm. Positioned as the best all-around weapon for short-range shooting.
2. “Saiga-12K “Tactics” version 040” is one of the most sophisticated modifications, equipped with a collimator, a folding stock, a choke and three different magazines included.

These are just the versions that are in greatest demand. New versions of Saiga-12 continue to appear on the market every year. Moreover, each subsequent one is, as a rule, much better than the previous one. So if you decide to buy yourself an automatic rifle, you will definitely not feel the lack of variety in the model range.

Photo Saiga-12

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Advantages and disadvantages

Now a few words about the positive and negative aspects of the 12-gauge Saiga smoothbore carbine. Let's start with the pros, since there are much more of them than the cons:

1. Simple and reliable design (similar to a Kalashnikov assault rifle). It is difficult to find another weapon in the world that would be as simple and reliable as the legendary AK-47. “Saiga-12” in this regard practically did not lag behind its progenitor. The weapon works properly even in the harshest weather conditions, and every schoolchild who listened carefully to the teacher during life safety lessons can disassemble the carbine.

1. Huge selection of models. A potential buyer has the choice not only to purchase various modifications of the carbine, but also to give preference to one of its versions. In addition, almost each of them has several configurations. For example, there is always the opportunity to purchase a weapon with a magazine for 2, 4, 6, 8 or 10 rounds - or even take all the clips at once.
2. Possibility of independent tuning. In most cases, carbines not only have a sighting rail for mounting optics or an adjustable rear sight, but also have a bracket under the barrel for attaching a tactical grip, laser designator, bayonet or under-barrel flashlight. You can also replace the butt and stock. For example, some buyers like to install a plastic forend instead of a wooden one.

The Saiga-12 has one drawback - the lack of muzzle energy. Just think about it: the gun uses 12 gauge cartridges, and is used for shooting badgers and ducks. The reason for this, of course, is the gas exhaust mechanism, which consumes part of the barrel’s energy for reloading. However, there’s nothing you can do about it - you have to choose: either buy a double-barreled shotgun and hunt a bear with it, but have only one cartridge left, or take the Saiga, which does not have much power, but has an amazing reload speed and 10 rounds in the magazine .

Execution options

1. Saiga-12 Spanish 75 is a self-loading shotgun with a hunting quick-detachable wooden butt and fore-end. Barrel 580 mm long with interchangeable choke tubes. Sighting device - adjustable sighting bar.
2. Saiga-12K-040 - modification of "Saiga-12K" with a wooden ergonomic handle and a folding butt from the SVDS sniper rifle
3. Saiga 12 isp. 261 - a self-loading shotgun with a magazine receiver, a butt with a rotating cheekpiece like SVD and a plastic forend. The carbine can be equipped with a hunting plastic butt. Equipped with replaceable choke tubes. The receiver has a rail for mounting a sight.
4. Saiga-12 Spanish 278 is a self-loading shotgun with a magazine receiver, an AK-type plastic stock and a pistol grip. Equipped with replaceable choke tubes.
5. Saiga 12 K isp. 043 is a smooth-bore carbine with a magazine receiver, an adjustable aiming bar, a folding machine gun stock and a plastic forend. The carbine is equipped with a lock that allows shooting only with the butt folded down.
6. Saiga-12K isp.030/ 12С isp.031/ 12EXP-01 isp.030 - This weapon is a Ks-18.5 service smoothbore carbine with a fire blocking added according to the requirements of the legislation of the Russian Federation with the butt folded (except for the EXP version).
   This version differs from the usual “Saiga 12K” in the magazine receiver, the hinged fastening of the receiver cover with a Picatinny rail installed on it, a folding automatic butt (plastic or metal, SVDS type) and an AK-type forend made of plastic. The developers position it as a weapon for a “universal” shooter - equally well suited for self-defense, practical or recreational shooting, and hunting at short distances. Military origins and the desire for universalization predetermined the main pros and cons of the model. The automatic system of the gun is so well developed that it ensures reliable operation of the automatic even with “inedible” traumatic cartridges with a double rubber bullet, which are “inedible” for almost all semi-automatic devices. The gun is well suited for mounting a wide range of sighting equipment, and is the first in the Saiga series to be standardly equipped with Picatinny mounting rails. In addition, already in the basic configuration, the carbine is equipped with a specially designed muzzle attachment, which allows the use of “knockout” ammunition (to destroy door locks, hinges, etc.) and at the same time works as an effective flash suppressor. It is also possible to use the entire range of 12-gauge Saiga choke tubes. The price to pay for the compactness and ease of transportation of the weapon was a rather low sighting range, associated with an insufficient (by hunting standards) barrel length and a short sighting line. Even with a choke attachment, at distances over 40 meters the declared accuracy is still about 40%, in contrast to the hunting, long-barreled Saiga, which has this figure of at least 60%.
7. Saiga 12K “Tactics” version 040 is one of the most interesting modifications produced by the Izhevsk Legion studio.
   When developing this model, Legion specialists followed approximately the same path as the IOZ engineers who developed the Saiga isp. 030". It differs from the standard “Saiga 12K” in the installed neck of the magazine receiver, similar to the foreign M16 rifle, which is not present on the original Kalashnikov assault rifle. Because the 12-gauge cartridge is larger than the intermediate cartridge and protrudes more from the magazine jaws, when installed, the magazine rests against the bottom of the bolt, providing resistance to the magazine snapping. If there is a neck, the magazine cannot be “twisted” to the side when trying to insert it with force. The receiver cover is made non-removable; it tilts up on an axis fixed under the block of the gas release mechanism (similar to the AKS-74U type). This solution increases the rigidity of the structure, allowing you to install a universal piccatini rail on the cover for mounting sights. The weapon can be equipped with either a manual or an automatic (rarely lately) bolt stop. Magazines from this version do not fit other variants of Saiga-12 except the Spanish version. 030", but are interchangeable with the magazines of the Vepr-12 shotgun, also based on the AK design and having a magazine neck. There are several variants of this design, differing in the type of forearm and butt.

Specifications

Finally, let's take a little more detail on the technical characteristics of the weapon. They will be familiar to many professionals, but beginners can familiarize themselves with the performance characteristics by looking at the following table, taken directly from the Saiga-12 weapons passport:

Saiga-12 is a good option for those looking for a universal hunting rifle. Unfortunately, the gun is not designed for hunting large animals like elk or bear. But it has a huge number of advantages that other smoothbore carbines cannot boast of. It was they who made Saiga so popular not only in Russia, but also in the world.

Performance characteristics of Saiga-12

— Manufacturer: Izhevsk Machine-Building Plant — Years of production: since 1997

Weight Saiga-12

— 3.6 kg; 3.5 kg (Saiga 12K)

Dimensions Saiga-12

— Length, mm: 1145 (Saiga-12); 1060/820, 1160/920 (Saiga-12S, Saiga-12S 680 mm); 910/670 (Saiga-12K, Saiga-12S EXP-01) with the butt unfolded/folded - Barrel length, mm: 580/680 (Saiga-12, Saiga-12S); 430 (Saiga-12K, Saiga-12S EXP-01) - Height, mm: 190

Caliber Saiga-12

- 12 gauge cartridges

Saiga-12 magazine capacity

- box magazine for 2, 5 or 8 rounds

Operating principles: removal of powder gases, rotary bolt. Sight: can be equipped with an adjustable aiming bar, and a mount for optical and collimator sights is provided (equipped at the request of the customer).