Minesweepers of project 12700 "Alexandrite" and their capabilities

Basic minesweepers of Project 12700 "Alexandrite" are a series of Russian naval mine countermeasures ships of the base zone of the 3rd rank, the project of this minesweeper was created at the Central Marine Design Bureau "Almaz" for the Russian Navy, and belongs to the new generation of mine defense ships (PMO) of the near sea zone.

Minesweepers are designed to search and destroy mines in the waters of naval bases at a distance that is safe for the ship.

Let's take a closer look at the history of the creation of ships, their tactical and technical characteristics, design, armament, description of the ships of the Alexander Obukhov and Vladimir Emelyanov projects.

Project

A special feature of this project is that the hull was initially developed for the possibility of constructing patrol ships or auxiliary vessels for various purposes on its basis for both military and civilian customers.

This project of a basic minesweeper should become the basis of the Russian Navy for mine defense in the near sea zone. The minesweepers of the project will go into production after passing tests of the mine action system on the lead vessel of the project, Alexander Obukhov.

From the eighth ship of the series, the performance characteristics will be changed, among all the changes announced - an increase in the length of the ship, the installation of a new mine action system.

The main design feature of Project 12700 ships

Fiberglass hulls of ships have a reduced background in electrical and physical fields. This reduces the possibility of explosions in proximity mines. In contrast to steel ship hulls, fiberglass structures can last up to 40 years without loss. At the moment, Project 12700 is considered to be the most successful Russian development in recent decades. The acquired practical experience in the use of composites for the construction of warships can give rise to the beginning of the construction of other warships operating in coastal sea zones.

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Project 12700 ship

To create composite hulls, we used the latest experimental equipment for the first time. The creation of the production complex began from scratch. It is unique in its essence and has no analogues in our country. In terms of its technological capabilities, all complex equipment has the ability to create monolithic fiberglass buildings up to 80 meters in length.

Such cases have obvious advantages:

• Strength comparable to steel ships;
• Long service life;
• Minimal technological maintenance;
• Light weight compared to similar sized steel ships.

Composite hulls are ideally suited for installation of new mine protection circuits. They, together with the availability of the latest hydroacoustic stations, will significantly increase the combat effectiveness and durability of ships. New mine protection circuits are being installed on ship hulls. In addition, they can be installed on remote underwater vehicles that are towed by ships.

In addition to innovations in the field of mine detection, the new minesweepers are also equipped with traditional mine sweeping equipment. These can be contact and non-contact trawls. All mine action equipment and weapons are part of a unified control system called ACS PMD. The mine action system is controlled from the ships' command posts.

Ship building

When creating the ships, the significant buoyancy of fiberglass hulls was taken into account. The newest ships have 70% buoyancy reserve, as opposed to the traditional 50-60% of most warships. The result was the creation of not only a seaworthy, durable and stable, but also a maneuverable warship.

BT warships are equipped with powerful power plants. Powerful 2500 horsepower diesel engines should provide the ships with a speed of 15 knots. The cruising range at an economical speed reaches 1500 km. Autonomous sailing for the newest ships is defined as a 10-day period, which will be sufficient for a ship crew of 41 military personnel.

The anti-mine weapons of the newest minesweepers are supplemented by 30-mm AK-306 artillery mounts and Iglam portable air defense systems. In addition, there are two large-caliber 14.5 mm machine guns on turrets.

The first fiberglass minesweeper - photos and videos:

So, the first fiberglass minesweeper “Alexander Obukhov” entered service with the Russian Navy. The second ship of this project, named “Georgy Kurbatov” at the Sredne-Nevsky Shipyard in the spring of 2015. The start of the creation of the third ship of this class is planned for next spring. They are planned to be put into operation until 2022 inclusive.

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PMO ship "Alexander Obukhov"

"Alexander Obukhov" is the lead ship of Project 12700 "Alexandrite", designed by the Almaz Central Marine Design Bureau and built at the Sredne-Nevsky Shipyard. The key feature of this ship is its unique hull, made of monolithic fiberglass using the vacuum diffusion method.

The advantage of such a “non-magnetic” hull is its higher strength compared to steel hulls, which ensures greater survivability of the ship when searching for mines.

The service life of such a housing is longer than that of an analogue made of low-magnetic steel, and its weight is significantly less. The displacement of the Alexander Obukhov is about 900 tons, its length is more than 60 m, and its maximum speed is about 17 knots. The minesweeper's crew consists of 44 people.

"Alexander Obukhov" is designed to search and destroy mines in the waters of naval bases at a distance safe for the ship. Assigned to the Baltic Fleet.

Characteristics:

• Displacement - 720-890 t (full)
• Length - 61.75 m
• Width - 10.8 m
• Draft - 2.68 m
• Engines - diesel + 2 diesel generators of 315 kW each + 2 diesel generators of 210 kW each
• Power - 1 × 2500 hp.
• Speed ​​- 15-16.5 knots
• Cruising range - 1500 miles at 10 knots
• Navigation autonomy - 10 days (according to provisions)
• Crew - 26-41-44 people
• Body material: fiberglass
• Radar weapons - PAL-N navigation radar
• Electronic weapons - CS "Ruberoid", PGAS "Anapa", GAS ZS "Struktura-35", GISZ "Altyn-M"
• Artillery - 1 × 14.5 mm MTPU
• Anti-aircraft artillery - 1 × 6 × 30 mm AK-306 (1500 rounds)
• Missile armament - 9K38 "Igla" SAM launcher (8 9M39 missiles)
• Mine and torpedo weapons - UDM, UDM-2, UDM-500, MTPK-1, MTPK-2, MRPK-1, PMR-1, PMR-2, OUKT OUKT-B, PKT PKT-B, trawl-simulator "Gelatin" ", SHAT-U.

Fiberglass minesweeper - creation technology

The production of fiberglass plastics in St. Petersburg was mastered back in the 60s of the last century. Today, technologies for creating ships and vessels from composite materials have undergone significant progress and there are 3 main methods for producing composites:

• Vacuum infusion;
• Contact molding;
• RTM Light technology.

The hull of the fiberglass minesweeper of the Alexandrite project, the first representative of which was Alexander Obukhov, was created using the vacuum infusion method .

The essence of the method and the creation process:

A large matrix that completely follows the shape of the ship’s hull is lined with a special reinforcing material (fiberglass or carbon fiber).
Depending on what part of the body it is, the number of layers of such “fabric” can reach several dozen. Next, the material is completely covered with a sealed film, to which many tubes are attached. Then, resin is supplied through these tubes, which impregnates all layers of the reinforcing material due to the vacuum created under the film and, thus, acts as the so-called “composite material matrix”. The result is a strong and lightweight product - the hull of a ship, “poured” into a mold. Vacuum infusion and RTM technologies reduce the manufacturing time of structures and ensure virtually no emissions of harmful substances.

Glass and carbon fabrics of various weaves are used as reinforcing materials. Most of them were made in Europe, but over time the Sredne-Nevsky Shipyard began to switch to Russian-made composite materials. Already today, Russian resins are undergoing the final necessary tests; it is expected that they will be actively used in the construction of subsequent ships.