A powerful infantry support weapon - the Soviet 85-mm divisional gun D-44 of 1946

Type of field gun

85-mm divisional gun D-44

(Russian: 85-mm divisional gun D-44) was a Soviet divisional 85-mm caliber field artillery gun used in the last action of World War II.
It was developed as a replacement for the 76 mm M1942 (ZiS-3) divisional gun. The gun is no longer in frontline service with the Russian Ground Forces, although approximately 200 Chinese variants of the Type 56
are still in service with the Pakistan Army. [3] Wartime service included use by communist forces during the Vietnam War.[4] and by Arab forces during their conflicts with Israel.

Review[edit]

Design of the D-44 began in 1943 at Design Bureau No. 9, and production began in 1944. His GRAU code was 52-P-367

.
[5] The SD-44
was a 1950s variant with an auxiliary power unit and ammunition box for 10 rounds, with 697 issued to the Airborne Forces (VDV) from 1954. [6] The
D-44N
was a 1960s variant with APN 3-7 infrared illumination device for night combat.
China received the D-44 during the Korean War and began producing a copy of the Type 56 in the early 1960s. [7] Finally, the Polish Army equipped some of its D-44 guns with electrical subsystems in the early 1980s and designated them D-44M
and
D-44MN
. [8]

The barrel was developed on the basis of the T-34-85 tank and was capable of producing 20-25 high-explosive (HE), armor-piercing and high-explosive anti-tank (HEAT) shells per minute. BR-365P KhVAP-T sub-caliber projectiles (high-velocity armor-piercing tracer projectiles) were capable of penetrating 100 mm of armor at 1000 meters at an angle of 90 degrees, and the BR-367P KhVAP-T projectile penetrated 180 mm of armor under the same conditions. [8] The post-war O-365K HE shell weighed 9.5 kg and had 741 grams of TNT as a bursting charge, while the VK-2M HEAT-FS (fin-stabilized) shell could penetrate 300 mm of armor. The Type 56 HEAT round has a maximum range of 970 meters and penetrates 100 mm of armor at an angle of 65 degrees. [9]

The gun is equipped with GAZ-AA tires and is towed by a 2.5 t truck [10] or a Ya-12 tractor with an average speed of 20–25 km/h on paved roads and 11 km/h in open areas. maximum towing speed on asphalt road is about 55 km/h. [11] Auxiliary power unit SD-44 M-72 with 14 hp. can move the gun at speeds up to 25 km/h. [12]

For daytime combat, the gun uses an OP-2-7 sight with a magnification of 5.5x. The sight allows you to aim at a distance of up to 1500 meters. [13]

History of creation

One of the best Soviet wartime anti-tank guns was the 57 mm ZiS-2. It successfully combined high armor penetration and low weight. The 100 mm BS-3 gun was even more powerful, but at the same time it was almost four times heavier. To combat promising tanks, a weapon of greater power was required, but a further increase in mass was undesirable.

As a result, Petrov’s team decided to use the 85 mm caliber, but at the same time boost the ballistics by using a cartridge case and a powder charge from 100 mm ammunition. To further increase the initial velocity of the projectile, the D-48's barrel length was additionally increased. The prototype was built in 1948.

The first results of field tests showed the ineffectiveness of the muzzle brake.

After the development of a new device and fine-tuning in 1950, the gun was presented to the troops. The gun was put into service in 1953, but serial production began only 2 years later.

Use by other countries[edit]

Type 56, variant of PLA D-44

D-44 on display at Georgia Veterans State Park

By 1950, the D-44 was exported for use by the Warsaw Pact, [14] with the pistol remaining in service with the East German People's Army until the fall of the GDR. Besides Pakistan and East Germany, other users include (d) Albania, Algeria, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Cambodia, China (type 56), Cuba, Egypt, Georgia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Hungary, Iran, Iraq, Northern Korea. , Laos, Mali, Morocco, Mozambique, Poland, Romania, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Syria, Vietnam [15] and Zambia [16]

Current users[edit]

• Algeria - 80 in service. [17]
• Armenia - 35 in service. [17]
• Azerbaijan - 100 in service. [17]
• Bulgaria - 150 in storage. [17]
• Cuba - Unknown number in service. [17]
• Democratic Republic of the Congo - 10 Type 56s in service. [17]
• Eritrea - Current number unknown. [17]
• Ethiopia - Unknown Type 56 service number. [17]
• Georgia - Number in service unknown. [17]
• Guinea - 6 in service. [17]
• Guinea-Bissau - 8 in service. [17]
• Mongolia - Unknown number of D-44s and D-48s in service. [17]
• Mozambique - 12 Type 56s in service. [17]
• Pakistan - 200 in service. [17]
• Sudan - Unknown number in service. [17]
• Tanzania - 75 Type 56s in service. [17]
• Ukraine - Number in service unknown. [17]
• Vietnam - Unknown number in service. [1]

Former users[edit]

• Albania
• China
• East Germany
• Iraq
• Iran
• ISIS - 1 captured in Syria. [18]
• Mali
• North Vietnam - used during the Vietnam War.
• Polish People's Republic - Used by the Polish People's Army during World War II and after the war. [19]
• Russia
• Sri Lanka
• Somalia - status unknown.
• Soviet Union
• Yemen

Where can you see

• Belarus village N. Sverzhen, at the entrance to the village
• Gomel Hospital for Disabled Persons of the Great Patriotic War
• Zhodino, st. Soviet
• Slavgorod, square near RayIspolKom
• Soligorsk, st. Embankment
• Buinichi village, Mogilev region, Buinichi Field memorial
• Slonim, area near the courthouse (Brestskaya St., 44)
• Glubokoe, Victory Park.
• Dzerzhinsk, near the entrance to the local history museum.
• Mstislavl, memorial "Mound of Glory"

• village Priyutovo, Bashkiria, Park of Glory.
• Ermolino, Kaluga region, city park.
• village of Vasilievskoe city Serpukhov, opposite the school
• Balabanovo, Kaluga region, Central Square
• Blagoveshchensk, Amur Region, Victory Square
• Vologda, Victory Park
• Verkhnyaya Pyshma, Sverdlovsk region, UMMC Museum complex
• Dubna, Moscow region, st. May 9 in front of mass graves
• Ekaterinburg, “Plant No. 9”, in the factory museum
• Zheleznogorsk, Kursk region, square in front of the city administration
• Kotelniki, Moscow region, Walk of Fame in the Kovrovy microdistrict
• Krasnoslobodsk, Mordovia, at the monument to the soldiers who died in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945
• Kubinka, Patriot Park, historical events reconstruction zone, Race of Heroes route
• Lodeynoye Pole, Leningrad Region, Brotherly Cemetery
• Lyubertsy, Moscow region, Monument to fallen soldiers with eternal flame
• Michurinsk, Tambov region, Glory Square
• Moscow, near Petrovsko-Razumovskaya metro station
• Moscow, Moskovsky, museum exhibit in front of school No. 2065
• Moscow, square on Karelsky Boulevard
• Moscow, Shcherbinka, Teatralnaya street, at the monument to “Warriors who fell in the Second World War”
• Novokuibyshevsk, Samara region, Victory Park
• Noyabrsk, Monument to fallen soldiers with eternal flame
• Okulovka, Novgorod region, park in front of the Administration of the municipal district
• Podolsk, Klimovsk microdistrict, Podolsk cadets park of the Gymnasium named after Podolsk cadets
• Protvino, Moscow region, Memorial "Border of Defense"
• St. Petersburg, Chelyabinskaya st., 95 On the Yandex map and panorama
• Salekhard. Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug.
• Shilka. Transbaikal region. Memorial "Military and Labor Glory"
• Padikovo village, Istrinsky district, Moscow region, Museum of Russian Military History
• ZATO Mezhgorye, square in front of the Palace of Culture
• Krasnodar region, Uspensky district, Konokovo village, victory monument.
• Krasnogorsk, residential complex ART, open courtyard area, gun No. 6996, 1950.
• village Medvedevka, Kaliningrad region, Military Memorial Cemetery "Mound of Glory"
• Mikhailovsk, Stavropol Territory, Memorial complex "Fire of Eternal Glory"
• Chelyabinsk, Victory Garden
• Blagoveshchensk, Victory Square, on the left side of the memorial complex

Quotes [edit]

1. ^ ab "Đáng gờm khẩu pháo bắn 20 phát / phút bảo vệ đảo Việt Nam". danviet.vn
   .
2. ^ abcd Foss, Christopher (1977). Jane's Pocket Book of Towed Artillery
   . New York: Collier. paragraph 45. ISBN 0020806000. OCLC 911907988.
3. Mehta, Admiral Surish (2008). South Asian Defense and Strategy Yearbook 2008
   . Pentagon Press. item 329. ISBN. 978-81-8274-320-5.
4. ↑
   Off, David E. (1977).
   "Part VI Vietnamization" (PDF). Field Artillery Magazine
   . pp. 42–47.
5. "Guns". www.russianarms.ru
   .
6. Six SD-44s were issued to anti-tank batteries in each parachute regiment, for a total of 18 in the airborne division. Jaynes, p. 525.
7. ↑
   The People's Liberation Army allocated 12 Type 56 guns per artillery regiment. Brassey's, page 124.
8. ^ abc Jaynes (2008), p. 899.
9. Brassey's p. 124.
10. ↑
    Both ZIL-157 and URAL-375D were used as tractors. See Jaynes and Copenhagen.
11. "D-44". easyget.narod.ru
    .
12. TRADOC Worldwide Equipment Guide, pp. 5-4.
13. WEG, pp. 5-4.
14. ↑
    For example, East German troops first publicly unveiled the SD-44 in 1958. Copenhagen, page 48.
15. Jaynes, p. 526.
16. https://www.lusakatimes.com/2014/10/27/jubilie/
17. ^ B s d e g h i J k l m p o r d Military balance 2017
    . IISS. 2022. ISBN. 978-1857439007.
18. "Vehicles and equipment seized and operated by Islamic State inside Syria". spioenkop.blogspot.com
    . March 31, 2015. Archived from the original on March 11, 2016. Retrieved March 25, 2022.
19. "85 mm wz. 1944 D-44, D-48, armata dywizyjna, przeciwpancerna". www.2wojna.pl
    .

Design

D-48 has a classic layout with a carriage with 2 sliding beds. The monoblock barrel is equipped with a 2-chamber active muzzle brake, which absorbs about 70% of the recoil energy. The shutter is a vertical wedge with a semi-automatic mechanism. Above the barrel there is a hydraulic recoil brake and a pneumohydraulic knurler. The lifting and turning mechanisms of the implement are screw-type and driven manually.

The D-48 wheels are unified with the vehicle components from the ZiS-5 truck. “Artillery” wheels differ from ordinary wheels by bullet-resistant tires filled with spongy rubber. The suspension of the chassis is torsion bar and is automatically switched off when the frames are moved apart. The beds are hollow box-shaped pipes with openers located at their ends.

If necessary, the relatively small mass of the gun allows it to be moved manually; to do this, a roller must be placed under the long barrel.

For direct fire, the K-1 open collimator sight is used; for more accurate aiming, an optical sight model OP-2 or OP-4 was used, giving a magnification of 5.5 times. For firing from closed positions, the open sight was supplemented with a Hertz PG-1 panorama. Some of the guns were equipped with night sights.

Links[edit]

• Brassey's Encyclopedia of Army and Warfare, Brassey's Inc., Washington, D.C., 2000, ISBN 1-57488-087-X.
• Die Landstreitkräfte der NVA
  , Wilfried Copenhagen, Motorbuch Verlag, Stuttart, 2003, ISBN 3-613-02297-4.
• German Artillery of the Second World War
  , Ian W. Hogg, Greenhill Books, London, 2002. ISBN 1-85367-480-X.
• Foss, Christopher F. (ed.) Jane's Armor and Artillery 1981-1982
  , Jane's Publishing Company Ltd, London and New York, 1982. ISBN 978-0-531-03976-2
• Foss, Christopher F. (editor) Jane's Armor and Artillery 2007-2008
  , Jane's Publishing Company Ltd, Coulsdon, 2007. ISBN 978-0-7106-2794-0
• Shunkov V.N. Weapons of the Red Army
  , Mn.
  Harvest, 1999 (Shunkov V.N. - Weapons of the Red Army.
  - Mn.: Harvest, 1999.) ISBN 985-433-469-4.
• The American Arsenal
  , Ian W. Hogg (introduction), Greenhill Books, London, 2001. ISBN 1-85367-470-2.
• TRADOC World Equipment Guide

Notes[edit | edit code]

1. The Military Balance 2022. - P. 201.
2. International Institute for Strategic Studies.
   The Military Balance 2016 / James Hackett. - London: Taylor&Francis, 2016. - P. 320. - 504 p. — ISBN ISBN 9781857438352.
3. International Institute for Strategic Studies.
   The Military Balance 2016 / James Hackett. - London: Taylor&Francis, 2016. - P. 82. - 504 p. — ISBN ISBN 9781857438352.
4. International Institute for Strategic Studies.
   The Military Balance 2016 / James Hackett. - London: Taylor&Francis, 2016. - P. 449. - 504 p. — ISBN ISBN 9781857438352.
5. International Institute for Strategic Studies.
   The Military Balance 2016 / James Hackett. - London: Taylor&Francis, 2016. - P. 450. - 504 p. — ISBN ISBN 9781857438352.
6. The Military Balance 2022. - P. 205.
7. International Institute for Strategic Studies.
   The Military Balance 2016 / James Hackett. - London: Taylor&Francis, 2016. - P. 441. - 504 p. — ISBN ISBN 9781857438352.
8. International Institute for Strategic Studies.
   The Military Balance 2016 / James Hackett. - London: Taylor&Francis, 2016. - P. 393. - 504 p. — ISBN ISBN 9781857438352.
9. International Institute for Strategic Studies.
   The Military Balance 2016 / James Hackett. - London: Taylor&Francis, 2016. - P. 458. - 504 p. — ISBN ISBN 9781857438352.
10. International Institute for Strategic Studies.
    The Military Balance 2016 / James Hackett. - London: Taylor&Francis, 2016. - P. 275. - 504 p. — ISBN ISBN 9781857438352.
11. International Institute for Strategic Studies.
    The Military Balance 2016 / James Hackett. - London: Taylor&Francis, 2016. - P. 280. - 504 p. — ISBN ISBN 9781857438352.
12. International Institute for Strategic Studies.
    The Military Balance 2016 / James Hackett. - London: Taylor&Francis, 2016. - P. 471. - 504 p. — ISBN ISBN 9781857438352.
13. International Institute for Strategic Studies.
    The Military Balance 2016 / James Hackett. - London: Taylor&Francis, 2016. - P. 473. - 504 p. — ISBN ISBN 9781857438352.
14. International Institute for Strategic Studies.
    The Military Balance 2016 / James Hackett. - London: Taylor&Francis, 2016. - P. 289. - 504 p. — ISBN ISBN 9781857438352.
15. International Institute for Strategic Studies.
    The Military Balance 2016 / James Hackett. - London: Taylor&Francis, 2016. - P. 444. - 504 p. — ISBN ISBN 9781857438352.
16. International Institute for Strategic Studies.
    The Military Balance 2016 / James Hackett. - London: Taylor&Francis, 2016. - P. 445. - 504 p. — ISBN ISBN 9781857438352.
17. The Military Balance 2012. - P. 355.
18. The Military Balance 2012. - P. 443.

Notes

1. International Institute for Strategic Studies.
   The Military Balance 2022 / James Hackett. - London: Taylor&Francis, 2022. - P. 320. - 504 p. — ISBN ISBN 9781857438352.
2. Alexander Khramchikhin
   [vpk-news.ru/articles/29587 Outpost with questions] // Military-industrial courier: Newspaper. — 2022. — March 9 (No. 9(624)). — ISSN [www.sigla.ru/table.jsp?f=8&t=3&v0=1729-3928&f=1003&t=1&v1=&f=4&t=2&v2=&f=21&t=3&v3=&f=1016&t=3&v4=&f=1016&t=3&v5 =&bf=4&b=&d=0&ys=&ye=&lng=&ft=&mt=&dt=&vol=&pt=&iss=&ps=&pe=&tr=&tro=&cc=UNION&i=1&v=tagged&s=0&ss=0&st=0&i18n=ru&rlf=&psz =20&bs=20&ce=hJfuypee8JzzufeGmImYYIpZKRJeeOeeWGJIZRrRRrdmtdeee88NJJJJpeeefTJ3peKJJ3UWWPtzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzbzzvzzpy5zzjzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz zzzzztzzzzzzzbzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzyeyTjkDnyHzTuueKZePz9decyzzLzzzL*.c8.NzrGJJvufeeeeeJheeyzjeeeeJh*peeeeKJJJJJJJJJmjHvOJJJJJJJJfe eeieeeeSJJJJSJJJ3TeIJJJJ3..E.UEAcyhxD.eeeeeeuzzzLJJJJ5.e8JJJheeeeeeeeeeeeyeyeK3JJJJJJJJ*s7defeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeSJJJJJJJZIJJzzz1..6LJJJJJJtJJZ4….EK*&deb ug=false 1729-3928].
3. International Institute for Strategic Studies.
   The Military Balance 2022 / James Hackett. - London: Taylor&Francis, 2022. - P. 82. - 504 p. — ISBN ISBN 9781857438352.
4. International Institute for Strategic Studies.
   The Military Balance 2022 / James Hackett. - London: Taylor&Francis, 2022. - P. 449. - 504 p. — ISBN ISBN 9781857438352.
5. International Institute for Strategic Studies.
   The Military Balance 2022 / James Hackett. - London: Taylor&Francis, 2022. - P. 450. - 504 p. — ISBN ISBN 9781857438352.
6. International Institute for Strategic Studies.
   The Military Balance 2022 / James Hackett. - London: Taylor&Francis, 2022. - P. 441. - 504 p. — ISBN ISBN 9781857438352.
7. The Military Balance 2012. - P. 355.
8. International Institute for Strategic Studies.
   The Military Balance 2022 / James Hackett. - London: Taylor&Francis, 2022. - P. 393. - 504 p. — ISBN ISBN 9781857438352.
9. The Military Balance 2012. - P. 443.
10. International Institute for Strategic Studies.
    The Military Balance 2022 / James Hackett. - London: Taylor&Francis, 2022. - P. 458. - 504 p. — ISBN ISBN 9781857438352.
11. International Institute for Strategic Studies.
    The Military Balance 2022 / James Hackett. - London: Taylor&Francis, 2022. - P. 275. - 504 p. — ISBN ISBN 9781857438352.
12. International Institute for Strategic Studies.
    The Military Balance 2022 / James Hackett. - London: Taylor&Francis, 2022. - P. 280. - 504 p. — ISBN ISBN 9781857438352.
13. International Institute for Strategic Studies.
    The Military Balance 2022 / James Hackett. - London: Taylor&Francis, 2022. - P. 471. - 504 p. — ISBN ISBN 9781857438352.
14. International Institute for Strategic Studies.
    The Military Balance 2022 / James Hackett. - London: Taylor&Francis, 2022. - P. 473. - 504 p. — ISBN ISBN 9781857438352.
15. [zakon4.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/22%D0%B0-2011-%D1%80/ order to the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine dated September 15, 2011. N 1022-r]
16. Arina Shipulina. [iz.com.ua/zaporoje/67611-zaporozhskie-zhurnalisty-pod-mariupolem-uvideli-gde-remontiruyut-tehniku-postradavshuyu-ot-artobstrelov-i-kto-pomogaet-boycam-video.html Zaporozhye journalists near Mariupol saw where they repair equipment damaged by shelling, and who helps the soldiers - video] // newspaper “Industrialka” (Zaporozhye) dated April 4, 2015
17. International Institute for Strategic Studies.
    The Military Balance 2022 / James Hackett. - London: Taylor&Francis, 2022. - P. 289. - 504 p. — ISBN ISBN 9781857438352.
18. International Institute for Strategic Studies.
    The Military Balance 2022 / James Hackett. - London: Taylor&Francis, 2022. - P. 444. - 504 p. — ISBN ISBN 9781857438352.
19. International Institute for Strategic Studies.
    The Military Balance 2022 / James Hackett. - London: Taylor&Francis, 2022. - P. 445. - 504 p. — ISBN ISBN 9781857438352.

Notes

1. The Military Balance 2022. - P. 201.
2. International Institute for Strategic Studies.
   The Military Balance 2016 / James Hackett. - London: Taylor&Francis, 2016. - P. 320. - 504 p. — ISBN ISBN 9781857438352.
3. International Institute for Strategic Studies.
   The Military Balance 2016 / James Hackett. - London: Taylor&Francis, 2016. - P. 82. - 504 p. — ISBN ISBN 9781857438352.
4. International Institute for Strategic Studies.
   The Military Balance 2016 / James Hackett. - London: Taylor&Francis, 2016. - P. 449. - 504 p. — ISBN ISBN 9781857438352.
5. International Institute for Strategic Studies.
   The Military Balance 2016 / James Hackett. - London: Taylor&Francis, 2016. - P. 450. - 504 p. — ISBN ISBN 9781857438352.
6. The Military Balance 2022. - P. 205.
7. International Institute for Strategic Studies.
   The Military Balance 2016 / James Hackett. - London: Taylor&Francis, 2016. - P. 441. - 504 p. — ISBN ISBN 9781857438352.
8. International Institute for Strategic Studies.
   The Military Balance 2016 / James Hackett. - London: Taylor&Francis, 2016. - P. 393. - 504 p. — ISBN ISBN 9781857438352.
9. International Institute for Strategic Studies.
   The Military Balance 2016 / James Hackett. - London: Taylor&Francis, 2016. - P. 458. - 504 p. — ISBN ISBN 9781857438352.
10. International Institute for Strategic Studies.
    The Military Balance 2016 / James Hackett. - London: Taylor&Francis, 2016. - P. 275. - 504 p. — ISBN ISBN 9781857438352.
11. International Institute for Strategic Studies.
    The Military Balance 2016 / James Hackett. - London: Taylor&Francis, 2016. - P. 280. - 504 p. — ISBN ISBN 9781857438352.
12. International Institute for Strategic Studies.
    The Military Balance 2016 / James Hackett. - London: Taylor&Francis, 2016. - P. 471. - 504 p. — ISBN ISBN 9781857438352.
13. International Institute for Strategic Studies.
    The Military Balance 2016 / James Hackett. - London: Taylor&Francis, 2016. - P. 473. - 504 p. — ISBN ISBN 9781857438352.
14. International Institute for Strategic Studies.
    The Military Balance 2016 / James Hackett. - London: Taylor&Francis, 2016. - P. 289. - 504 p. — ISBN ISBN 9781857438352.
15. International Institute for Strategic Studies.
    The Military Balance 2016 / James Hackett. - London: Taylor&Francis, 2016. - P. 444. - 504 p. — ISBN ISBN 9781857438352.
16. International Institute for Strategic Studies.
    The Military Balance 2016 / James Hackett. - London: Taylor&Francis, 2016. - P. 445. - 504 p. — ISBN ISBN 9781857438352.
17. The Military Balance 2012. - P. 355.
18. The Military Balance 2012. - P. 443.

Notes

1. The Military Balance 2022. - P. 201.
2. International Institute for Strategic Studies.
   The Military Balance 2016 / James Hackett. - London: Taylor&Francis, 2016. - P. 320. - 504 p. — ISBN ISBN 9781857438352.
3. International Institute for Strategic Studies.
   The Military Balance 2016 / James Hackett. - London: Taylor&Francis, 2016. - P. 82. - 504 p. — ISBN ISBN 9781857438352.
4. International Institute for Strategic Studies.
   The Military Balance 2016 / James Hackett. - London: Taylor&Francis, 2016. - P. 449. - 504 p. — ISBN ISBN 9781857438352.
5. International Institute for Strategic Studies.
   The Military Balance 2016 / James Hackett. - London: Taylor&Francis, 2016. - P. 450. - 504 p. — ISBN ISBN 9781857438352.
6. The Military Balance 2022. - P. 205.
7. International Institute for Strategic Studies.
   The Military Balance 2016 / James Hackett. - London: Taylor&Francis, 2016. - P. 441. - 504 p. — ISBN ISBN 9781857438352.
8. International Institute for Strategic Studies.
   The Military Balance 2016 / James Hackett. - London: Taylor&Francis, 2016. - P. 393. - 504 p. — ISBN ISBN 9781857438352.
9. International Institute for Strategic Studies.
   The Military Balance 2016 / James Hackett. - London: Taylor&Francis, 2016. - P. 458. - 504 p. — ISBN ISBN 9781857438352.
10. International Institute for Strategic Studies.
    The Military Balance 2016 / James Hackett. - London: Taylor&Francis, 2016. - P. 275. - 504 p. — ISBN ISBN 9781857438352.
11. International Institute for Strategic Studies.
    The Military Balance 2016 / James Hackett. - London: Taylor&Francis, 2016. - P. 280. - 504 p. — ISBN ISBN 9781857438352.
12. International Institute for Strategic Studies.
    The Military Balance 2016 / James Hackett. - London: Taylor&Francis, 2016. - P. 471. - 504 p. — ISBN ISBN 9781857438352.
13. International Institute for Strategic Studies.
    The Military Balance 2016 / James Hackett. - London: Taylor&Francis, 2016. - P. 473. - 504 p. — ISBN ISBN 9781857438352.
14. International Institute for Strategic Studies.
    The Military Balance 2016 / James Hackett. - London: Taylor&Francis, 2016. - P. 289. - 504 p. — ISBN ISBN 9781857438352.
15. International Institute for Strategic Studies.
    The Military Balance 2016 / James Hackett. - London: Taylor&Francis, 2016. - P. 444. - 504 p. — ISBN ISBN 9781857438352.
16. International Institute for Strategic Studies.
    The Military Balance 2016 / James Hackett. - London: Taylor&Francis, 2016. - P. 445. - 504 p. — ISBN ISBN 9781857438352.
17. The Military Balance 2012. - P. 355.
18. The Military Balance 2012. - P. 443.

122 mm tank gun D-25

First published 09/22/2005 00:03

Last edition 09/27/2011 17:52

The material was read by 45469 people

The same ammunition was used to fire the D-25 cannon as for the A-19 cannon. The ammunition of the tanks and self-propelled guns included the OF-471N high-explosive all-metal long cannon grenade and the BR-471 chambered, sharp-headed armor-piercing tracer projectile. By the beginning of 1945, a blunt-nosed armor-piercing tracer projectile with a ballistic tip, the BR-471B, was developed and put into production.

At the beginning of 1944, the design bureau of plant No. 9 specially developed and manufactured a version of the D-25T cannon to arm the third prototype of the T-44 tank. This version received the designation D-25-44 and differed from the base model in having a 4% reduced shot power, a lighter weight of recoil parts, but most importantly - unitary loading. The first tests of the gun took place in February-March 1944, but ended unsuccessfully. The gun failed and was returned to the factory for repairs. Repeated tests took place in April-May. Contrary to expectations, the unitary 122-mm shot did not provide any advantages in rate of fire compared to the separate shot of the D-25T. The large dimensions and weight of the 122-mm unitary cartridge were rather an obstacle to the work of the loader, constrained by the limited volume of the T-44's fighting compartment. The maximum rate of fire achieved during testing of the D-25–44 cannon was 3 rounds per minute. In addition, the ammunition load of 24 rounds was clearly insufficient to solve most of the problems facing the tank forces. In 1945, attempts to install 122 mm guns on medium tanks were abandoned due to the completion of work on the T-54 tank. TACTICAL AND TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS

* For a gun with a piston bolt ** For a gun with a semi-automatic wedge bolt. TABLE OF ARMOR PENETRATION

***Data obtained empirically. Guaranteed penetration (GP) means that 80% of the projectile fragments ended up behind the penetrated armor plate. SEPARATE CASE LOADING AMMUNITION FOR 122 MM D-25 AND D-30 GUNS

*Not used in tanks and self-propelled guns.

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Characteristics and properties of ammunition[ | ]

• Loading: unitary
• Ammunition range: Anti-aircraft fragmentation grenade with remote fuse T-5, TM-30, VM-30: 53-UO-365.
• Anti-aircraft fragmentation grenade with remote fuse VM-2: 53-UO-365,
• Anti-aircraft fragmentation grenade with adapter head and fuse KTM-1: 53-UO-365
• Armor-piercing tracer caliber projectile 53-UBR-365
• Armor-piercing tracer pointed-head caliber projectile 53-UBR-365K
• Armor-piercing tracer sub-caliber projectile 53-UBR-365P

Reach in height, m: 10 230 Muzzle velocity of the projectile, m/s

• Anti-aircraft fragmentation grenade with T-5: 800

Solid-body fragmentation grenade: 793 Armor-piercing reel-to-barrel subcaliber: 1050 Armor-piercing pointed-head caliber: 800 Projectile weight, kg

• Armor-piercing caliber: 9.2

Armor-piercing sub-caliber: 4.99 Fragmentation: 9.2-9.43 Anti-aircraft fragmentation grenade: 9.24-9.54 Armor penetration of a caliber projectile, mm

• Meeting angle relative to the tangent plane to the armor 60 degrees Distance 100 m: 100

Distance 500 m: 90 Distance 1000 m: 85 Normal to armor

• Distance 100 m: 120

Distance 500 m: 110 Distance 1000 m: 100