Assembly of Il-76 © Nikolay Nilov/Ilyushin OKB
The aircraft of the “hundred professions,” as the 76 is sometimes called, remains one of the most popular aircraft on the aviation market: according to the WorldAirForces 2022 guide, published by the leading specialized publication FlightGlobal, it ranks sixth in the top 10 most common in the world military transport aircraft. According to the publication, 203 Il-76 units are in service with the air forces of various countries , which is about 5% of the global fleet of military transport aircraft. It is noteworthy that the above list includes only two heavy aircraft - the American C-17 Globemaster III (fourth place, 275 aircraft, 6% of the global military transport aircraft fleet) and the Russian Il-76. We can already say for sure that the domestic aircraft will maintain its position in the global aircraft market in the near future.
How the legend was created
The development of a new turbojet military transport aircraft began in June 1966, and already in the winter of the following year, General Designer Sergei Ilyushin approved a technical proposal for the creation of a military transport aircraft with D-30KP turbofan engines. Work on the project was headed by Deputy General Designer Genrikh Novozhilov, who in the spring of 1970 became general designer and responsible head of the Ilyushin Design Bureau.
First flight of Il-76, March 25, 1971 © Nikolai Nilov/Ilyushin OKB
After the first flight, testing of the Il-76’s capabilities for dropping cargo and airdropping personnel continued. The first landing of the P-7 parachute platform with a monocargo from the Il-76 was carried out on February 19, 1972, and on April 3 the first group jump of the full number of paratroopers took place - 115 people. The landing, carried out at a speed of 300 km/h from a height of 600 m, was successful.
The first production Il-76 flew on May 5, 1973. State tests of the vehicle were completed in December 1974, and already on April 21, 1976, the vehicle was accepted into service with the BTA.
Serial production of the Il-76 was launched at the Tashkent Aviation Production Association named after V.P. Chkalova. By the mid-1980s, the vehicle became the main heavy military transport vehicle of the BTA.
As of the beginning of 2022, 958 Il-76 aircraft of various modifications were produced, of which 118 aircraft (12.4% of production volume) were exported between 1978 and 2005. The Air Forces of Iraq, Syria and Libya were the first to purchase the aircraft. Over time, the geography of deliveries has expanded - at the moment, aircraft of the Il-76 family are operated in 24 countries in Europe, Asia, Africa and North America. 840 aircraft were delivered to domestic customers . The aircraft set 25 world records .
Everything is not so rosy
And yet, reliability is one of the bright advantages of the Il-76 aircraft. However, it also has major drawbacks.
In addition to the Il-76, the domestic armed forces need a heavy transport aircraft with an intercontinental flight range, and there is no big doubt that it is needed.
As Gazeta.Ru previously wrote, first of all, because the main aircraft of the domestic military aviation aviation, the Il-76, is extremely unsuccessful precisely from the point of view of transport aviation - the transfer of weapons and military equipment.
The main problem of this machine is not even that the Il-76 does not have an intercontinental flight range. The main thing is that its cabin does not allow it to transport equipment, with the exception of airborne weapons. And everything else doesn't fit there without complete disassembly. For example, helicopters need to be dismantled, airplanes too. Anti-aircraft missile systems also do not fit into the Il-76 due to their dimensions.
In other words, there is an aircraft that, in terms of its carrying capacity, can carry almost everything, that is, theoretically it can lift 80% of any domestic equipment, but it simply cannot be placed in the IL-76 along the cross-section of the cabin of this aircraft.
This is understandable, an aircraft of this type was created for the needs of airborne troops, and no one then thought that large-scale transportation of weapons and military equipment might be required.
As for the serial production of the Il-76, due to the collapse of the Soviet Union, the production of this aircraft from the Tashkent Aviation Production Association named after V.P. Chkalov was transferred to the territory of the Russian Federation, to the Aviastar-SP enterprise in Ulyanovsk.
On October 4, 2012, the first Il-76MD-90A (a significantly modernized aircraft compared to all previous versions of this aircraft), assembled at Aviastar-SP, took off.
To date, he has built a total of nine copies (including a prototype) of the Il-76MD-90A military transport aircraft and one prototype of the Il-78M-90A refueling aircraft.
This number of aircraft is not even enough to staff one squadron. Thus, the deployment of serial production of Il-76MD-90A aircraft is proceeding extremely slowly. In eight years - nine aircraft.
For reference, to drop an airborne division with reinforcements by parachute, you need significantly more than 300 military transport aircraft of the Il-76 type.
"Professions" of a hero
The IL-76 has proven to be an effective platform for various special types of aircraft, including tanker aircraft, air hospitals and flying laboratories. As TASS was told by the United Aircraft Corporation (UAC as part of the Rostec state corporation), 22 modifications . Among them:
— Il-76M / Il-76MD / Il-76MD-M. These aircraft have significantly increased maximum take-off weight and load. Currently, the basic Il-76MD aircraft are being upgraded to the Il-76MD-M level with the installation of modernized lighting, airborne transport and household equipment, as well as updated defense and communications equipment.
Il-76MD-M © Armen Gasparyan/PJSC "Il"
— IL-76MF. It differs from the base aircraft in its increased carrying capacity. The aircraft received PS-90A-76 engines and modernized flight and navigation equipment; its fuselage was lengthened by 6.6 m. In 2011, two Il-76MF aircraft were delivered to Jordan and specialized in cargo transportation in the Middle East, Africa and Asia.
— Il-76T / Il-76TD / Il-76TD-90VD. Civil modifications, the most modern - Il-76TD-90VD - is equipped with PS-90A-76 engines. It currently operates flights to Antarctica to supply polar stations.
— Il-78 / Il-78M / Il-78M-2. Refueling aircraft are equipped with additional fuel tanks and standardized outboard refueling units.
— Il-78M-90A. A tanker aircraft based on the Il-76MD-90A military transport aircraft.
— IL-76LL. An aircraft designed to test advanced aircraft engines. The standard left inboard engine has been removed and is replaced by an engine intended for testing on a non-standard, reinforced pylon.
— IL-76MDK. A modification of the Il-76MD aircraft, intended for training cosmonauts in conditions of short-term artificial weightlessness.
Cosmonaut training inside the Il-76MDK aircraft © Armen Gasparyan/Il PJSC
New life for '76
In 2006, the Russian government issued an order to organize the production of Il-76 aircraft in Russia. Work on the creation of the heavy transport aircraft Il-76MD-90A and the organization of its serial production at the Ulyanovsk Aircraft (part of the UAC state corporation Rostec) was carried out under the leadership of the general director - general designer of Ilyushin, Viktor Livanov, from 2006 to 2014.
Modern global trends in aircraft manufacturing, new requirements of modern technologies for the design and manufacture of aircraft have required the Aviation Complex named after S.V. Ilyushin application of innovations: it was decided to digitize paper drawings and create three-dimensional models based on them using modern programs. For the first time in Russia, such a complex project was completed entirely in digital form: from the creation of design documentation to the production of a serial aircraft.
The most modern modification is the Il-76MD-90A, the service life and first flight samples of which were assembled at Aviastar-SP in 2011. On October 4, 2012, in the presence of Russian President Vladimir Putin, the aircraft made its first demonstration flight.
“The IL-76MD-90A allows solving most of the tasks of military transport aviation at a qualitatively new technical level and meets both the current and future requirements of the Russian Ministry of Defense,” Sergei Yarkova, First Deputy General Director of the UAC, Managing Director of PJSC Il, told TASS.
Il-76MD-90A © Armen Gasparyan/Il PJSC
The list of main distinguishing features of the deeply modernized aircraft includes more powerful PS-90A-76 engines, a reinforced wing and a modernized chassis, and a new flight and navigation system. As Andrey Yurasov, chief designer of the Il-76MD-90A, told TASS, the aircraft can be operated in harsh climatic conditions at extremely low and high temperature conditions. “The IL-76MD-90A can be operated in any climate zone, including Africa, Antarctica and the Arctic. It is capable of transporting a wide range of cargo anywhere in the world,” he said, adding that, despite the external similarity, the modernized version of the Il-76MD-90A aircraft is significantly different from its predecessor, the Il-76MD.
According to him, during the modernization, the transport load of the Il-76MD-90A increased to 60 tons, the flight range increased by 25% (compared to the Il-76MD), and fuel consumption was reduced by 17%.
Yurasov also notes that the aircraft implements the principle of a “glass” cockpit, which significantly increases piloting efficiency.
Instead of the usual analog instruments, there is a digital display field for aircraft systems and equipment: there are nine screens in the aircraft cockpit.
This option is more informative: it is much easier for crew members to perceive a compact frame that reflects the spatial position of the aircraft, its speed, altitude and other flight parameters and necessary information Andrey Yurasov, chief designer of the Il-76.78
According to him, for the first time in the history of the domestic military transport aircraft, a military transport aircraft received a video recording system, which allows full control of the process of landing and loading/unloading cargo.
“The new digital autopilot allows landing in the second ICAO category, when the plane is brought to a height of 30 m above the runway in automatic mode, and then lands in manual mode,” says Yurasov, noting that the predecessor “flyed in the first category , that is, in this case the decision height is 60 m.”
In terms of aircraft navigation characteristics, the new machine, according to him, meets the current and future requirements of ICAO and Eurocontrol, which allows flights to any civil airport in the world.
Despite the deep modernization, the Il-76MD-90A retained the legendary reliability of the base model. “Compared to foreign analogues, the Russian aircraft has a high degree of operational autonomy and does not require additional sets of equipment and people for loading and unloading cargo. All functions can be provided by the crew itself, which consists of six people,” added Yurasov.
Like previously developed aircraft of this family, the Il-76MD-90A can be the base platform for an entire family of aircraft. In particular, according to Yurasov, the vehicle can be configured as an aircraft for airdropping supply cargo, a firefighting aircraft, a humanitarian aid aircraft, or a rescue aircraft.
Il-76MD © Alexey Nagaev/PJSC "Il"
“The new machines are in mass production, and it is expected that the pace of their production will be increased. The aircraft has been redesigned digitally. Today we are increasing the rate of serial production of the Il-76MD-90A: our plans are to produce up to 12 aircraft per year. For this purpose, Aviastar-SP launched a new automated assembly production line,” Yarkova said.
We look confidently into the future.
The use of new design methods and modern production technologies provide the opportunity for further effective modernization of the aircraft and the creation on its basis of aircraft for a wide variety of purposes, special aviation complexes that meet all Russian and international requirements Sergei Yarkova, First Deputy General Director of UAC, Managing Director of PJSC Il
Tanker aircraft
Speaking about the Il-76MD-90A, it is necessary to emphasize that the aircraft became the basis for the newest Il-78M-90A tanker, the first flight of which took place on January 25, 2022.
In the future, this particular vehicle will become the main platform intended for in-flight refueling of Russian long-range, front-line and special aviation aircraft. The Il-78M-90A is a convertible refueling aircraft - if necessary, it can be used as a regular military transport aircraft, which meets modern world requirements for this class of equipment.
Il-78M-90A © Armen Gasparyan/PJSC "Il"
The IL-78M-90A tanker version is equipped with the latest UPAZ (universal suspended refueling units) and provides increased fuel delivery speed. It also features an electronic control system for easy operation. Domestic tankers are also in demand on the world market. According to FlightGlobal, the Il-78 ranks sixth in the world's top 10 aircraft designed for in-flight refueling: 35 78s are in operation worldwide, accounting for 4% of the global fleet of refueling aircraft.
“Over the entire history of the Il-76 program, about 1 thousand aircraft of this type were produced and delivered to customers. This is the best proof of its reliability, ease of use, and versatility,” adds First Deputy General Director of UAC Yarkova.
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| lNDHTHYUZHH | xK-76rd |
| pYUGLUU YPSHKYU, L | 50.50 |
| dKKHMYU YAYULNKERYU, L | 46.59 |
| bSHYANRYU YAYULNKERYU, L | 14.76 |
| OKNYYUDE YPSHKYU, L2 | 300.0 |
| I love it, JC | |
| YAMYUPFEMMNTSN YYULNKERYU | 89500 |
| LYUYAHLYUKEMYU BGKERMYU | 190000 |
| RNOKHBU | 114600 |
| RHO DBKHTSUREK | 4 rpdd d-30yo-2 |
| rtsyu, ytsya | 4 U 12000 |
| LYUYAKHLYUKEMYU YAYNPNYARE, YL/V | 850 |
| yPEIYEPYAYU YAYNPNYARE, YL/V | 750-800 |
| oEPETSNMNVMYU DUKEMNYARE, YL | 10000 |
| oPUYRHVEYAYU DUKEMNYARE, YL | 3650 |
| oPUYIRKHVEYAYKHI ONRNNKNY, L | 12000 |
| ShYKHOYUF, VEK | 7 |
| ONKEGMYU MYUTSPSGYU: | 140 YANKDYUR XKH 128 OYUYUCHRKHYARNB |
| bottom. KhMTNPLYUZHKH: |
| tNRNCPYUTHH: | xK-76rd (c) Petr Popelar |
| xK-76rd (c) Eduard Marmet | |
| xK-76rd (c) Peter Smithson | |
| xK-76rd (c) Juerg Haeberli | |
| xK-76rd (c) Andy Marks | |
| xK-76rd (c) Petr Popela | |
| xK-76rd (c) yuMYURNKHI asPZHEB | |
| xK-76rd (c) nav-nav | |
| xK-76rd bbya imp (c) Fred Willemsen | |
| xK-76rd Air Koryo (c) LinFC | |
| NRYPSHRYU PULOYU TsPSGNBNTsN NRYAYU xK-76rd | |
| yUAKHMYU OKHKNRNB xK-76rd (c) dLKHRPKHI aEKNB |
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| xK-76rd |
| YNLONMNBNVMYU YAUELYU |
bYUPHYUMRSH NYPYYAYH:
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| xK-76rd tsPYUFDUMYAYNI YUBHYUZHHH (c) bYYYAKHKHI gNKNRNB |
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| xK-76rd YNLOYUMXX YURKYUMR-YANCHG |
| xK-76rd YNLOYUMXX xYAR-KYUM (c) yu. hPCEMYANM |
| YaOHYANY HYARNVMKHYNB: |
| YuBKHYUZHKH YNYALNMYUBRKHYU 2003-04-09. mHYNKYUI rYUKHYNB. YaYULNK╦R xK-76 X ETSN RPYUMYAONPRMSHE LNDKHTKHYUZHKH YUBKHYUZHK X bPEL 2013-06. IEPCEI dPNGDNB. xK-76 - YAYULNKER I HYAYPEMMEE SKSHAINI yPSHKE pNDHMSH 1995-12. c.b. mNBNFHKNB. YYULNKER-YANKDYUR yBHYYNKKEYZHH 2007-11. c.b. ъYSANBHV. rPYUMYAONPRMSHI YYULNK╦R xK-76 YUBKHYUZHKH YNYALNMYUBRKHYU 2003-08. noEPYURKHBMN-YARPURETSKHVEYAYKHI BNEMMN-RPYUMYAONPRMSHI YYULNK╦R xK-76 schYYAOPKHMR. b.h. LYUPINBAYHI. xK-76 MU YAKSFAE Bbbya pNLYUM yuYARYUNB. PSYAYAYU YAHKYU. bNEMMN-RPYUMYAONPRMSHI YAYULNKER xK-76 pNYARKHYAKYUB bKHMNTsPYUDNB, YuKEYYYUMDP oNMNLUPEB. pYUGBHRKHE YYULNKERNB LHPYU Aerofax. Dmitriy Komissarov, Yefim Gordon. Ilyushin Il-76 |
sTSNKNY MEAYU. 2019
