Pistol Colt M1911A1 cartridge caliber 45. Device
In 1982, the US military had 418,000 Colt M1911A1 automatic pistols. The first version of this weapon was introduced in 1911, in 1921 the pistol was improved, and in 1926 it was adopted in an improved version as the Colt M1911A1 model. For seven decades, the pistol was the standard weapon of the US armed forces; it was withdrawn from service only in 1982.
The beginning of the history of the revolver
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People first heard about such a mechanism at the end of the 16th century, but then the drum was more often placed in a hunting rifle than in a pistol. This type of weapon did not take root at that time, since its production was expensive and complex.
The first was a flintlock revolver, which was patented by an American officer in 1818. Artemas Wheeler somehow gave a copy of his invention to Elisha Collier, who sailed to England and patented the weapon there in his name that same year. There, Collier opens a factory for the production of a revolver, but an improved version.
Pistol Colt M1911A1 - video
For several years, various models of pistols, both local and foreign, were tested, but the military did not settle on any of them. The pistols presented at numerous competitions, although they met the requirements, were each time rejected by the American military departments. After a long and stubborn struggle, the Italian company Pietro Beretta SpA from Brescia became the winner. The operation of the Colt M 1911A1 automatic pistol is based on the use of recoil energy from a movable barrel.
The weapon has an external trigger, a fixed sighting device, a rotary safety lever that is activated only when the hammer is cocked, and an additional push safety in the handle. The width of the weapon is 32 mm, the length of the aiming line is 406 mm, the trigger resistance is from 2.25 to 3 kg. Rate of fire - 14 rounds/min. A significant drawback of the weapon, according to experts, is its large mass. The standard personal firearms of the American armed forces are the so-called classic automatic pistols. They were exported to many countries around the world.
The weapon was repeatedly improved, the design and parameters were improved. Unlike the first version, the Colt M1911A1 pistol has a narrower trigger, a push safety that protrudes significantly from the handle, and a convex recoil spring housing. Since 1970, the standard model has been supplied with an improved barrel mount, and since 1983 - with a modified sear. But in principle, the design has remained unchanged since 1911. After the Second World War, many American and foreign companies tried to produce all kinds of modifications. Experiments were carried out with different calibers, a shorter barrel and carriage, with a shortened handle, with a light metal handle, and they also tried to produce sports versions. In the mid-sixties, the US military, which was stationed in central Europe, received a version for Parabellum 9x19 cartridges with an 8-round magazine.
The following modifications based on the standard model deserve special attention. These include the .38-caliber version of the Colt Super Automatic developed in 1929, the Colt Commander version for 9-mm Parabellum Luger cartridges, as well as the .45-caliber Colt Commander and Colt Super Commander models introduced in 1950. 38. The Commander versions were made of steel, the .45 and 9 mm caliber versions and the Lightweight Commander modification were made of light metal. Since the mid-seventies, all versions of the Commander and Combat Commander pistols have been produced using improved technologies. According to the special press, Colt M1911A1 automatic pistols, as well as their Commander versions, are manufactured in the USA, which makes it easier to replace old standard handguns with new ones.
Advantages and disadvantages
Advantages:
- simplicity of design;
- small dimensions;
- high rate of fire;
- reliability.
The Colt 1911 is a natural evolution of pistols. It combines the same simplicity and reliability, as well as high combat capabilities.
Disadvantages (applies to the first models):
- fragility;
- design imperfection.
As noted above, the first models of revolvers were a kind of prototypes. They contained many errors and shortcomings.
Subsequent models were made of better quality. By that time, the designer already understood what and how he needed to fix. Many changes have been made to improve the quality of the weapon, some mechanisms have been redesigned or new parts have been added.
At the very beginning, self-loading pistols were attempts to adapt to a new trend in the arms business. Colt pistols were in many ways better than their competitors - they were more reliable, but had a small caliber.
See also the article Desert Eagle pistol and its performance characteristics
Performance characteristics of the Colt M1911A1
— Years of operation: 1911—to this day — Designer: John Moses Browning — Manufacturer: Browning Arms, Springfield Armory, Remington Arms, Ithaca Gun Co. etc. — Total issued: ~ 3 million.
Pistol cost: $928-2,095
Weight Colt M1911A1
— 1.12 kg
Dimensions Colt M1911A1
— Length, mm: 216 — Barrel length, mm: 127 — Width, mm: 30 — Height, mm: 135
Colt M1911A1 cartridge
— 45 ACP
Caliber Colt M1911A1
— 45 ACP (11.43×23 mm) Colt M1911A1 bullet speed
— 252 m/s
Sighting range Colt M1911A1
— 50, 70 meters for MEU SOC 1911
Colt M1911A1 magazine capacity
- magazine for 7 rounds
Operating principles: recoil with a short barrel stroke, blowback action. Single action trigger
Diversity
Despite the fact that 19th century revolvers were roughly similar to each other, since they had a similar design, later they began to be differentiated by the type of frame and trigger mechanism.
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In general, the revolvers consisted of:
- trunk;
- drum with chambers;
- body;
- Shitika;
- handles;
- framework.
But later pistols with a solid frame and a sliding frame began to appear. In the first case, the removal of used cartridges was carried out sequentially, and in the second - in one step using a breaking device or extending the drum.
The hammer's erection also varied depending on the firing mechanism. Revolvers were single-action, double-action or self-cocking.
Photo of the Colt M1911A1 pistol
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Weapons in the 19th century
Of course, during its existence the weapon developed and improved. It began to be produced most actively in the 19th century. At that time, revolvers appeared almost every year, so there were a lot of models. But there were also the most memorable:
- Colt Paterson.
- Bundelrevolver Marietta.
- Colt Walker.
- Dreyse's revolver.
- Smith & Wesson Model 1,2 and 3.
- Lefaucheux M1858.
- Goltyakov revolver.
- Galand.
- Colt Single Action Army.
- Price's revolver.
- Colt Buntline.
- Nagant M1886.
- Webley.
- Type 26.
- Colt New Service.
Colt Walker
This is another Colt work and another 19th century capsule revolver. It has a 44 caliber, an overall length of 39 cm and a barrel length of 23 cm. Samuel Walker and Samuel Colt worked on the pistol. It was this weapon that became the favorite of the famous actor Clint Eastwood.
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The revolver appeared in 1847. The basis for its creation was Colt Paterson. Officer Walker came to Colt and proposed creating a weapon that could be fired from a horse. Walker took the first 180 copies after production. Now this revolver continues its life, but slightly modified. Its replicas are still produced by some manufacturers in Europe and America.
Revolver Dreyse
Johann Nikolaus von Dreyse, a famous gunsmith, once developed a needle weapon mechanism. His son Franz Dreyse refined his father's idea and introduced a needle revolver in 1850.
In the elongated breech of the handle there was a needle, which served as a striker. On the left side of the frame there was a recess where cartridges should be installed. The drum had space for six cartridges, in rare cases for five. The position of the front sight could be adjusted horizontally. The drum was attached to the axle.
Pressing the trigger activated the drum, then the spring was activated, which set the needle to the firing position. While the hook was returning to its position, the needle was released from the cocking action, passed the bottom of the paper cartridge, and then pierced the primer. This is how the shot took place.
Goltyakov revolver
There were very few Russian revolvers of the 19th century. Often, foreign inventions or ready-made drawings were used in Russia. But in 1866 the Goltyakov revolver was released. This is a five-round capsule model. Produced at the Tula factory.
The pistol had a 44 caliber, a solid closed steel frame, but was produced without a charging lever. The trigger mechanism was self-cocking, and the trigger did not have a spoke. The factory at one time produced 71 copies and demanded 15 rubles per piece.
