M-50 aircraft: Myasishchev bomber, history of creation, aerodynamics, maximum speed, design

The mid and late 50s of the 20th century was a time of rapid development of jet aviation and, as a consequence, means of countering the Air Force arsenal. The emergence of anti-aircraft missile systems and high-altitude supersonic interceptor aircraft has sharply narrowed the capabilities of subsonic era aircraft to effectively carry out strikes deep in enemy territory.

The creation of bombers to break through the air defense barrier at supersonic speed is one of the most pressing (and most difficult) tasks that arose before aviation designers of that time. The M-50 aircraft was one of the attempts to solve it. This machine combined both outstanding engineering solutions and, unfortunately, fatal problems.

Problem number one - will we make it?

The creators of strike aircraft capable of carrying nuclear weapons in the USA and USSR were initially in different “weight” - or, more precisely, distance categories. America had the opportunity to fly planes from numerous bases along the perimeter of the Soviet border and drop bombs even with such machines as the B-29.

Soviet pilots had to cover a much greater distance over the Atlantic. Option No. 2 – the shortest – through the northern polar spaces.

At that time, only the Tu-95 could provide the required range (limitedly) to complete the “reach-hit-return” mission. However, military customers were no longer satisfied with its speed (albeit outstanding for a vehicle with a theater of operations).

The arsenal also included turbojet M-4 and ZM.

But in order to guarantee the delivery of atomic cargo to the territory of the United States and return, they already needed refueling. Let’s not forget: the Myasishchev machines at our disposal also flew at subsonic levels.

Even basic knowledge of aerodynamics allows us to conclude: flying at supersonic speed - at a minimum - will entail a sharp increase in fuel consumption. The same mode forces one to stop the increased wave resistance of the air environment.

This means that the wing must “cut” the atmosphere more effectively by sacrificing its lifting properties. And so - again we increase the fuel supply, the dimensions of the aircraft, the power/number of engines, the fuel supply... A vicious circle!

But you have to get there - no matter what

And not only to reach America, but “with the breeze”, oh - supersonic. A non-standard - to put it mildly - task gave rise to a number of non-trivial solutions. And developments in this direction were carried out not only by the Myasishchev company. For example, Roberto Bartini put forward a proposal to create a combination in the form of a giant amphibious jet aircraft and a projectile jet aircraft.

The advantage of this concept: the ability to launch and land the carrier (as well as refueling and servicing from surface/submarine ships) not only on the water surface, but also on Arctic ice areas.

Such basing sharply increased the range of use of the system, which was also equipped with a classic bomb bay for three-ton thermonuclear ammunition. It is noteworthy that Bartini, within the framework of this system, was developing a number of such machines.

The possibility of delivering nuclear charges launched from the water surface to the Myasishchev Design Bureau was not ignored. The project with the M-70 index assumed the construction of an aircraft capable of reaching a speed of 1.7 M. It had to be accelerated to this level by 4 turbofan engines, located one at a time above the planes in tandem on the fin.

The plane was planned to be equipped with either swept or trapezoidal wings. However, the matter did not progress beyond design development until the closure of the Myasishchev “company” in 1960.

Nuclear bomber hoax[edit]

In Aviation Week

dated December 1, 1958, there was an article,
Soviet Atomic Bomber Flight Tests, which
claimed that the Soviets had made great strides in their nuclear aircraft program. [6] This was also accompanied by an editorial on the topic. The magazine claimed that the plane was real beyond any doubt, stating that "an atomic bomber is undergoing flight tests in the Soviet Union... It has been observed both in flight and on the ground by many foreign observers." from communist and non-communist countries." However, the article was actually based on a hoax. [7] It was later discovered that the aircraft in the photographs was an M-50 and not a nuclear-powered aircraft.

In fact, in the early 1960s the Soviet Union did test a technology demonstrator for the Tupolev Tu-95LAL nuclear-powered strategic bomber, similar to the slightly earlier American Convair NB-36H project, but based on the Tu-95 turboprop, it never was supersonic, it never flew in nuclear power conditions (its main purpose was to test the effectiveness of nuclear reactor protection), and it was also developed by the Tupolev Design Bureau, since Myasishchev’s company lost the competition to develop a prototype. It was considered successful, but further development was delayed due to environmental problems. Once the ICBMs were operational, it turned out that most of the funding and development efforts were shifted to this area, and the project was stopped in the late 1960s. [ citation needed

]

What if we apply the experience of composite systems?

So, the use of common aircraft configuration options in supersonic flight conditions is associated with colossal fuel consumption and an inevitable reduction in range (which is vitally critical), but...

Back in the 30s of the twentieth century, the Soviet aviation industry proposed solutions to increase the power of bombers and increase their range in the form of installations on the TB-3 plane and suspension of additional aircraft under them.

Now it was proposed to return to the idea of “flying aircraft carriers” at a new level.

Let the design for solving a strategic problem consist of two machines. An unmanned tanker is guaranteed to provide the range of the system, and the second one will be intended for the actual manned delivery of special ammunition to the desired point in the United States.

Invented - signed

1954 was the year the order of the Ministry of Aviation Industry was signed, according to which OKB-23 (the official index of the bureau of V.M. Myasishchev) was to provide a detachable impact system for State testing already in 1958. But already in the next year - 1955 - the results of numerous experimental studies and purges showed the dead end of the “Vakhmistrov circus”.

In particular, the proposed canard configuration demonstrated lower aerodynamic efficiency compared to a classic design vehicle.

To be fair, it should be noted that in the mid-50s, similar developments were carried out in parallel at the P.V. Design Bureau. Tsybin on the creation of a two-stage system using the Tu-95N carrier and the RS jet bomber. The latter was supposed to accelerate to 3000 km/h. Since 1956, Tupolev scientists began research on the subject of the Project 108 aircraft with speeds of up to 1500 km/h.

At the same time, under the leadership of S.M. Lavochkin and V.N. Chelomey, work was carried out on the creation of unmanned systems "Storm" and "Buran", which were supposed to have an intercontinental range of use with a cruising speed of Mach 3.

The last attempt of KB V.M. Myasishchev’s goal to master the complex “subsonic” (as they wrote then) topic was a project, the components of which were to be a large disposable tanker in conjunction with a manned nuclear weapons carrier.

The main difficulty of the proposed tandem was the joint flight at the same supersonic speed. However, the listed projects have no longer received serial implementation.

The chassis is not simple, but a bicycle one

M-50A at the Central Museum of the Russian Air Force in Monino.

© Maarten from Netherlands / wikimedia.org
Work on its creation began at the Myasishchev Design Bureau in 1956. Georgy Nazarov was appointed the lead designer of the machine. As a result, an aircraft of a classical design was designed with a delta wing and swept-back all-moving tail, with a fuselage of minimal cross-section. Four engines were placed on the wings in engine nacelles - two on pylons under the wings and two at the ends of the wings.

The M-50 became a fairly large (58 meters long, wingspan 27 meters) and heavy (take-off weight - 238 tons, of which 70% is fuel weight) aircraft. Moreover, its crew consisted of only two people, located in a fighter-type cockpit in tandem. The pilot and navigator were located in a cockpit with armor protection. This was achieved for the first time in domestic practice through the use of electronics advances.

Due to the absence of a gunner in the crew, the defensive rear cannon installation had to be controlled remotely, but it was not present on the experimental vehicle. The plane was planned to be equipped with new types of equipment (fuel, refrigeration, electrical), fully automated aircraft navigation, navigation and bombing systems - a total of 410 items, of which 242 were experimental.

The design of the aircraft used a bicycle-type landing gear. It had two main four-wheeled supports and two two-wheeled wing struts. The main struts were retracted into the fuselage (front forward, rear back), supporting ones were retracted into special niches located in the end sections of the wing next to the external engine nacelles. The rear main landing gear is equipped with a brake ski!

This design made it possible to create a more aerodynamically “clean” wing without thickening for the landing gear nacelles and to lighten the aircraft, concentrating its main mass closer to the center of gravity. On the other hand, the bicycle chassis complicated takeoff and landing and placed higher demands on the crew’s qualifications.

Overseas retreat No. 1 or “what do the Americans have there”

Concluding the topic of composite projects, it is worth noting the evolution of the American B-58 Hustler aircraft. In the same 50s, it was transformed from an attack supersonic suspended “parasite”, separated from the flying aircraft carrier B-36 to an independent carrier. True, the carrier himself returned to his home airfield only partially.

During the flight to the target, the vehicle got rid of a container with nuclear weapons. In addition to the warhead, the container was equipped with fuel tanks, an engine and a guidance system. The aircraft had no internal compartments for weapons at all.

What kind of aircraft to build and what will be its characteristics?

The result of accumulated trial and error was a return to the idea of building a ground-based aircraft (launching from airfields on the territory of the USSR), arranged within the framework of a classical aerodynamic design. It should have been equipped with a delta wing and swept tail. The midsection of the structure was supposed to be compressed as much as possible. Among other parameters, the customer indicated:

maximum speed (in the target area) – up to 2000 km/h;
cruising speed – 1500-1600 km/h;
maximum range (without refueling) – 11000 -12000 km;
maximum range (with two refuelings) – 14000-15000 km;
bomb load - up to 5 tons;
The start date for State testing of the system is the first quarter of 1958.

This was enshrined in the corresponding resolution of the Council of Ministers of the USSR in July 1955.

Strategic supersonic bomber M-50 (USSR)

1950s. The air defense forces of world leaders are being re-equipped with the latest air defense systems and supersonic fighter aircraft capable of rising to a height of 20 kilometers are being adopted. Thus, the Soviet strategic bombers Tu-95 and M-4/6 are becoming obsolete at once. There was an urgent need for supersonic bombers capable of overcoming the opposition of new air defense systems and enemy air force fighters.

The experimental design bureau under the leadership of V. Myasishchev, in accordance with the resolution of the Council of Ministers of the USSR of 1954, which provided for the creation of a detachable long-range bomber, consisting of an attack bomber and a carrier with 4 turbojet engines, begins the development of a supersonic strategic intercontinental bomber called the M-50. It was intended to quickly replace the M-6 (3M) jet bomber in service.

According to the assignment received, the new strategic bomber was required to:

— develop a maximum speed of at least 1.5 M; — have a cruising speed of 1500±100 km/h; — rise to a height of at least 14 kilometers; — deliver a bomb load to a range of 13 thousand kilometers.

By 1955, the preliminary design of the “carrier + bomber” was ready. But in mid-1955, the task was changed - now the developers were required to create a standard intercontinental bomber flying at supersonic speed. The new aircraft received 4 turbojet bypass engines NK-6 or VD-9. In 1956, designers received the task of installing M16 - 17 turbojet engines on the aircraft. At this time, designers were intensively searching for the best aerodynamics of the aircraft. Four dozen different models were sorted out. As a result, the models created according to the “duck” pattern were recognized as the best. It takes designers about a year to create an aerodynamic structure. The engines were placed as follows - two engines were suspended on pylons under the wing, two engines were installed on the wing tips.

Due to the fact that a supersonic bomber is a new aircraft that has not yet been created by anyone, the designers were required to do the almost impossible - to provide a speed of more than 1.5 M and a flight range of more than 10,000 kilometers, and this with high fuel consumption by turbojet engines.

To begin with, the crew is being reduced, the M-50 receives only a navigator and a pilot. They are placed one after another (tandem scheme). The control of the aircraft and equipment will be automated as much as possible, thereby providing the ability for a reduced crew to fully control the aircraft. Backup control – hydromechanical. Switching to manual control mode is possible at any part of the flight.

Motor control is fly-by-wire with 3-fold redundancy. To ensure automatic control, Soviet radio electronics developers were given the task of accelerating miniaturization of the existing element base (otherwise the advantages of automation were negated by the weight characteristics of radio electronics). Associated with weight reduction is the proposal to use 3-phase alternating current generators.

Flight and navigation equipment is installed on board the M-50. It included: the Planet communication radio station, the ultra-short wave fighter radio station RSIU-3M and the Kedr-S emergency radio station. In addition, the on-board equipment included an SPU-6 communication device, RV-5/25 radio altimeters, a request-response station, a Sirena-2 radiation warning station, etc.

Flight performance increases:

- speed range - 270-2000 km/h; — flight altitude up to 16 kilometers; — take-off maximum weight up to 250 tons (170 of which are fuel); — possibility of in-flight refueling (two refuelings on the maximum range route). — the aircraft received an all-moving tail unit.

To ensure a safe transition to supersonic, a floating center of gravity is provided, which is adjusted by moving fuel in the desired direction. On-board automatic control system "ABSU-50" - classic design. To train pilots to fly the new aircraft, a special analog simulator was created.

However, not everything went smoothly with the center of gravity. To reduce instability, the horizontal tail is almost doubled. The installed all-moving fin helped the designers reduce its overall area, weight and aerodynamic drag, which contributed to the stability of the aircraft during takeoff/landing, especially in crosswinds. But the airframe design still remained quite heavy and did not fit within the specified parameters. The production of some structural elements was carried out in the USSR for the first time, as an example - one of the elements weighing 4 tons was created from a workpiece that weighed more than 40 tons.

To reduce weight, pressurized wing and fuselage compartments served as fuel tanks. To speed up takeoff, the front landing gear raised the front part of the aircraft by turning the wheel trolley. To reduce the mileage during landing, brake skis were used. Equipment and components from M-4/6 (3M) jet bombers were widely used in the design of the aircraft. The intercontinental supersonic bomber was created as a strategic means of delivering aerial bombs to enemy territory, but already in 1958 it was proposed to install ballistic glide missiles of the 45B type on it. By the end of spring 1956, the designers built a prototype and presented it to the customer’s commission. Over the course of a month of work, the commission came to disappointing conclusions: - achieving the specified range at cruising speed by aircraft without refueling by the designers is not ensured; — maximum range (two refuelings) is ensured, however, refueling of the aircraft is carried out at low speeds and altitudes, which is unacceptable (the aircraft may be intercepted or destroyed by the enemy); — the take-off run length (3 kilometers) cannot be maintained without additional boosters; — aircraft self-defense requirements are not fully met; — Conclusion: the preliminary design and layout cannot be approved.

The designers, after a series of meetings with specialists from some research institutes, turn to the customer, represented by the Commander-in-Chief of the Air Force, with a request to revise some of the requirements of the technical specifications: - mandatory installation of additional boosters on the aircraft; — the minimum number of weapons for aircraft defense; — reduction of range without refueling.

By the fall of 1956, the model of the aircraft was approved, but the engines for installation on board the aircraft were not yet ready. The prototype is equipped with VD-7 turbojet engines. Testing of engines and systems on the ground began in 1959, after which the M-50A prototype was sent to the OKB base for fine-tuning.

In 1958, the OKB under the leadership of V. Myasishchev was exempted from conducting state tests on the M-50 aircraft. Two aircraft under construction with installed M16-17 and VD-7 engines are being transferred to test a modification of the M-50 aircraft - an improved M-52.

The designers proposed several projects for the development of the M-50 aircraft: - a refueling tanker for refueling high-speed aircraft in the air at high speeds and altitudes; — M-50LL – a flying laboratory for conducting research on propulsion systems; — M-51 is an unmanned aircraft carrying nuclear weapons.

In 1959, testing of the prototype began. On October 27, 1959, the M-50A took to the skies for the first time. VD-7 turbojet engines were installed. To achieve the required thrust, the underwing engines received afterburners. The prototype was unable to overcome the speed of 1M (0.99M). In total, the prototype made two dozen missions, after which in 1960 work on the M-50 was stopped in favor of the M-52, an improved version of the M-50.

In 1961, it was decided to demonstrate the M-50 at the Tushino military parade. The plane took off 4 more times for training purposes, after which it took off into the sky for the last time at a parade in Tushino. Afterwards the plane was transferred to the Air Force Museum (Monino), where it remains to this day.

Modifications:

- M-50A - prototype. The only flying aircraft ever created. Board number 023, assigned number 12 after the parade; - M-50 - the basic version of the strategic bomber: - M-52 - an improved version of the M-50. Some people built a plane, but it never took off into the sky; - M-53 - aircraft project. Features - placement of all engines in underwing nacelles; - M-54 - aircraft project. Features – wing with low sweep along the trailing edge; — M-56 is a further development version of the M-50. The technical project began in 1959. Features – 6 engines are housed in 2 packages. Fixing the horizontal tail and refusing to pump fuel to level the center of gravity. Estimated maximum speed up to 3.2M; — M-55 is a civilian version of the M-56. There were sub-variants of the M-55 A/B/V. The differences are the number of installed engines and passenger seats; - M-70 - modification in favor of the Navy. Features - for takeoff/landing a hydroski and a swept-type wing were used.

Main characteristics of the flying M-50A:

- wing - 27.3 meters; - length - 58.4 meters; – height – 8.3 meters; — empty/fuel/max weight – 78.8/66/118 thousand kilograms; — the engines used are two VD-7M turbofan engines and two VD-7B turbofan engines; - speed - 0.99 M; - flight range - 3.1 thousand kilometers (without refueling); - high altitude ceiling - 5 kilometers; — crew – pilot and navigator; - payload - aerial bombs 5,000 kilograms.

Sources of information: https://www.dogswar.ru/oryjeinaia-ekzotika/aviaciia/4439-strategicheskii-bomb.html https://www.airwar.ru/enc/bomber/m50.html https://ru.wikipedia .org/wiki/%D0%9C-50

Our goals are clear, the tasks are defined - but there is still no plane

However, neither in the first nor in the subsequent quarters of 1958, the M-50 (in NATO classification - Bounder) never took off from the ground, not to mention the start of the test cycle. But the task of transferring it into series was defined by the government as vital! The failure of plans was due to a number of factors. First of all, with the need to combine not very comparable requirements.

Some of them were mentioned above. High range and load determined the impressive dimensions of the structure. They were partially reduced due to the innovative tail unit. All its surfaces were made entirely rotating. The midsection of the fuselage was reduced, including by minimizing the crew members.

If there were 7 and 8 people on board the predecessors of the M-50 - the 3M and M-4 bombers, respectively, then only 2 pilots controlled the supersonic product.

In addition, the contours of the aircraft were “squeezed” using a bicycle chassis. This arrangement of racks has already become familiar for cars from the Myasishchev company. True, takeoff with maximum load required additional resettable supports.

We sorted out the supports and ran into fuel.

Supersonic flight is a priori associated with its increased consumption. Therefore, all volumes of the structure not occupied by weapons and avionics should be given over to caisson compartments. But it’s not enough to turn an airplane into a flying tank. It is necessary to ensure its reliable tightness, to develop cooling systems for this entire facility...

Not to mention such “little things” as the use of large-sized stamped panels. But the “cherry on the cake” was a phenomenon traditional for the Soviet aviation industry: the lack of development of engines or their absence. However, more about this below and in more detail.

Description of the design of the A-50 aircraft

The A-50 is made according to a normal aerodynamic design; it is a twin-engine high-wing aircraft, its design largely repeats the design of the serial transport aircraft Il-76. The crew of the aircraft consists of 5 people and another 10-11 operators who service the equipment of the Shmel radio engineering complex. It is this RTK that is the main “weapon” of the A-50. It includes:

three-dimensional radar with a passive direction-finding channel;
complex of equipment for collecting and displaying received data;
request-response system;
a computer complex that solves problems of control and guidance of fighters at air targets;
state identification system;
ZAS equipment complex;
communication system;
documentation equipment complex;
telecode equipment.

A characteristic feature of the A-50 is the presence of a “mushroom” - an all-round radar radome, which has a diameter of more than 10 meters and a height of 2 meters. The designers had to solve the non-trivial problem of placing this structure on the fuselage of the aircraft. It is located behind the trailing edge of the wing, while it is slightly lower than the stabilizer of the vehicle.

The electronic equipment placed on board the A-50 weighs about 20 tons. The aircraft's radar allows it to detect a single fighter-type air target flying at low altitude at a distance of 200-400 km. High-altitude targets of the same class are detected at a range of up to 600 km. The Shmel RTK “sees” maritime targets at a distance of 400 km. The complex is capable of simultaneously tracking up to 60 targets and directing up to 12 fighters at them.

The A-50 is also capable of detecting the launches of tactical and operational-tactical missiles by the torch of their engine operation at a distance of 1 thousand km.

The interaction of the A-50 with fighters is ensured through automated fixed communication channels. The range in the HF range is 2 thousand km, and in the VHF range – up to 400 km. To ensure global communications, the A-50 is equipped with a satellite communication channel.

The A-50 flight and navigation system allows the aircraft to carry out combat missions in any weather conditions, day or night, anywhere in the world.

The A-50 can easily fend for itself. It has a self-defense complex consisting of passive and active electronic countermeasures systems. The aircraft can release radar chaff and thermal decoys. There is an in-flight refueling system.

The aircraft is capable of performing combat missions even in the face of interference and active enemy opposition. If we compare the A-50 with the Boeing E-3 Sentry, the Soviet machine is inferior to the American one in target detection range and in the number of guidance channels. However, the A-50 better recognizes and highlights air targets against the background of the earth's surface. True, the weight of the electronic equipment of the “Soviet AWACS” is one and a half times greater than that of its American counterpart.

Meanwhile, the military department

The military began to express concern because its representatives doubted that the M-50 would be able to demonstrate its intended range both without refueling and with two refuelings. In addition, they were categorically not happy with the fact that the new giant of the Air Force would probably need a 6,000 m runway (without the use of boosters) to take off. Where can you find such airfields?!

Mutual reproaches began between the MAP and the Moscow Region. The first focused on the customer’s overly exaggerated and not very compatible requirements for a new product, as well as on a huge array of time-consuming experimental and research tasks. Secondly, it drew attention to the enormous risks associated with the mass introduction of technical innovations.

Main modifications of the A-50 aircraft

A-50	Basic modification of the aircraft.
A-50M	Option with the Shmel-M complex.
A-50I	A modification that Russia and Israel jointly developed for the Chinese Air Force. The project was never completed.
A-50U	Modernized aircraft with new RTK. The radio engineering complex was built on a new element base, which made it possible to significantly reduce its weight and improve its characteristics. In addition, a toilet, kitchen and rest room are equipped for the crew and operators on board.
A-50EI	Aircraft version for the Indian Air Force with PS-90A-76 engines and Israeli EL/W-2090 radar.

But here they are - in vain

Indeed, just reducing the crew to two people required unprecedented measures to automate aircraft navigation and use of weapons. The decision in favor of the all-moving tail, which is so advantageous in terms of weight output, required the introduction of automatic directional stabilization. We also had to worry about such “little things” as automation of stability and much more.

Suffice it to mention that out of more than 400 pieces of equipment installed on board the M-50, over 200 were experimental ones.

And this applied not to one or two related companies, but to a whole set of manufacturers of systems, automatic machines, cooling units, power supplies and other avionics.

In general, the attempts of the customer in the person of the mock-up commission in September 1956 to shift the blame to industry were rejected by the same Myasishchev arguments about numerous engineering solutions revolutionary for aviation.

A compromise has been found

As a result, the parties agreed that the developers would test the M-50 as soon as possible in the configuration approved by the designer. But when building the second copy, both the received developments and the wishes of the military will be taken into account as much as possible, simultaneously solving all sorts of issues of range, take-off run and other things.

By the way, representatives of the design bureau even earlier expressed hope for the early appearance of new aluminum-beryllium alloys, the introduction of semiconductors and the development of fuel with a higher calorific value.

All-weather supersonic cruise missile carrier

Cabin M-50A.

© Alf van Beem / wikimedia.org
The maximum flight range of the aircraft according to the project was supposed to reach 14-15 thousand kilometers, without refueling - 11-12 thousand kilometers. On approach to the target, the bomber was supposed to reach speeds of up to 1900-2000 kilometers per hour. It was assumed that the bomb load of the aircraft, to accommodate which the weapons bay was provided, would be up to 30 tons. In addition, the prospect of using the M-50 as a carrier of the M-61 cruise missile with folding wings, which was also being developed by the Myasishchev Design Bureau, was considered; The missile launch range, which was 1000 kilometers, was supposed to provide the bomber with the ability to destroy enemy targets without entering the enemy air defense coverage area.

The M-50 is a four-engine supersonic bomber, designed according to the classical design with a triangular high-mounted wing and a swept tail. The bomber had to be controlled by two crew members - a pilot and a navigator. The aircraft had the highest degree of automation for its time, which allowed a reduced crew to fully control it. The design of the aircraft made it possible to fly for a long time at low altitude at high speed.

To control the engines, apparently for the first time in the world, a fly-by-wire system with triple redundancy was used.

The canopy, the only protruding part of the fuselage, was equipped with forward glazing made of double inclined slabs of tempered glass and portholes. The bomb bay, more than ten meters long, was closed with doors.

The problem of braking during the run was solved in a very original way - with the help of a hydraulic drive, four ski-like steel beams were extended from the fuselage. When they rubbed against concrete, whole sheaves of sparks were formed, but this method of braking turned out to be very effective.

But their greatest hopes lay in engines.

And it was they who became one of the biggest obstacles in the creation of the M-50. In the plans, everything looked, if not rosy, then encouraging. A separate resolution approved the installation of four NK-6 or VD-9 engines on a supersonic vehicle. Later, the “company” decided to focus on implementing engines developed by Dobrynin. In addition, in the future it was possible to rely on the M 16-17, the development of which was headed by P.F. Prong.

However, the construction of the first copy of the newest carrier was already nearing completion, and the “fiery hearts” were still not launched.

We had to make another compromise and release the M-50A onto the runway with VD-7A installations. But their thrust was only 11,000 kgf against the 18,000 kgf planned by the chief designer. With such data, the machine was deprived of all prospects, for the sake of which its creation was started.

хЯРНПХЪ l-50

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ONLMHRE, B THKELE "AYUPEEP MEKHGBEYARMNYARKH", LNRKHB YNRNPNTsN ASHK MYUBEM YANASHRKHLH KH BGTSKЪDYULH MYUVYUKYU 1950-U, LYUKEMEYKHI TSKHONRERKHVEYAYKHI YAYULNKER, ONDBEYEMMSH I OND YUGYUBKHIYA TSKHTSYUMRNL RS-16, YARYUPRNBUK MU ANKENI BSHYANRE KH OPENDNKEBYUK MEBKHDHLSHE OPEORYARBKH. ShchRYU KHDEK H ASHKYU ONKNFEMYU B OEPBSHI BYUPHYUMR OPNEIRYU “50”. OPEDKNFEMKHE OH YANGYUMHCH ONDNAMNI LYUHMSH, NDNAPEMMNE B TSNYAYNLHRERE OH YUBKHYUZHNMMNI REUMHYE H GYUYUGVKHYNL, ME GYUKEFYUKNYAE KH B OPYUBHREKEYARBE. b KhChKE 1954-TSN BSHKN ONYARYUMNBKEMKHE YANBLKHMYU, ONGBNKKHBIEE PYUGBEPMSRE bHPNYNLYuYaRYuAMSHE PYUARSH ON “pYUGZELMNLS DYUKEMELS ANLAYUPDHPNBYKHYS”, YANYARNBIELS XG SDYUPMNTSN YAYULNKERYU X MNYAHREK I VERSHPEL rpd. YaOPYUBEDKHBNYARKH PUDH, NRLEVS, VRN ONDNAMYU KHDE YAPEDH YANBERYAYKHU YUBKHYUZHNMMSHU YAOEZHHYUKHYARNB ASHKYU YARNKE ONOSKPMYU, VRN ITS PYUGPYUANRYNI GYUMKHLYUKHYAE KH DPSTSKHE NYA.

YANTSKYUYAMN GYUDYUMHCH, “50-I” DNAFEM ASHK PUGBKHBURE YAYNPNYARE DN 1800 YL/V OPH YPEIYAPYAYNI -1500-1600 YL/V MU BSHIANRYUU 14-15 YL. oPUYRHVEYAYU DUKEMNYARE YAHYARELSH I ANLANBNNI MYUTSPSGYNI 5000 YTS NZHEMHBUKYUYAE B 13000 YL. nYNKN TSNDYU SKN MU ONDTSNRNBYS SCHYAIKHGMNTSN OPNEIRYU, MN KERNL 1955-TsN MUOPYUBKEMHE PYUANR ON RELAY “50” PEGYN HGLEMHKNYAE. Reoope Rpeanbukya “Vkhiarshi” Dukemhi Anlyuupdhpnbyye onbshemmny Ypeypiyayini Tynpnyarech, Pyuyavhammshi OND Vershpe Dbsuinmarspshu DBHTSUREK MI-6 RPD BD-9. LYUPRNBYAYHL 1956-CN ONYARYUMNBKEMHEL OPYUBHREKEYARBU OPEDSYALYURPHBYUKYUYAE SFE SYARYUMNBYU rpd l16-17. NYA-23 OPHKYUTSYUKN BYAE SYAKHKH DK BSHANPU NORKHLYUKEMNI YUSCHPNDKHMYULKHVEYAYNI YNLONMNBYKH YAYULNKERYU. b YUSCHPNDHMYULHVEYAYHU RPSAYUU zhutskh HYAOSHRYUKH 39 PYUGKHVMSHU LNDEKEY, X VUYU BEYANB YAUELSH “SRYU” ЪBMN OEPEBEHBUKYU. ONKEGSYAE YAKSVUEL, UNVS NAZYAMHRE, VRN RUYNE "SRYU". xMNI VKHRYUREKE LNFER OPH SCHRNL SYALEUMSREYA, MN MUAEPKHREYAE REPOEMKH.

YaETsNDM "SRYNI" MYUGSHBUCHR BYAE YAYULNKERSH ONDP'D, EDBU NAMYUPSFKHB MU MHU OEPEDMEE TsNPKHGNMRYUKEMNE NOPEPEMKHE, NDMUYN SHRN ME RUY. KHYARNPHVEYAYH YAKNFHKNYAE, VRN OND SCHRHL REPLKHMNL YAYPSHBUERYAK KERYUREKEMSHI YOOYUPYUR I OEPEDMHL TsNPKHGNMRYUKEMSHL NOPEEMKHEL, NYAMYUYEMMSHL PSKEL BSHYANRSH. th YANFYUKEMKHCH, ON SCHRNL GUASHBUCHR PUGZYAMER YRSDEMRYUL YUBKHYUZHNMMSHU BSGNB. b PEGSKERYURE ME RNKEIN B OEPKHNDHYE, MN X YAOEZHYUKEMSHU DNISLEMRYUU ONЪBKЪCHRYA “ZUGERMSHE SRYKH” - YAYULNKERSH, S YNRNPSHU OEPEDMEE TsNPKHGNMRYUKEMNE NOEPEMKHE YAKSFHR KHAN DK Kommersant SKSVIEMKH BGKERMN-ONYUDNVMSHU UYUPYUREPHYARKHY, KHAN DK AYUKYUMYAHPNBYKH YOOYUPYURYU. OPH SCHRNL SOPYUBKEMHEL B YUMYUKE RYUMTSYUFYU NYASYYYARBKERYA I ONLNYECH SHKEBBNMNB.

YaUELYU "SRYU" WITH YUSCHPNDHMYULKHYNB YAVHRYUERYA NDMNI HG YAYULSHU YAKNFMSHU H ONSHRNLS MU EE OPEDBYUPHREKEMSCH NRPYUANRYS nya-23 GYURPYURKHKN NYNKN TSNDYU. schRN NTSPNLMSHI OEPKHND YAONPNB, KhGTSNRNBKEMKH LNDEKEY, NVEPEDEI B YUSCHPNDKHMYULHVEYAYHE RPSASH H, MUYNMEZH, YUMYUKHGYU ONKSVEMMSHU LUREPHYUKNB. YYUGYUKNYAE, NYNMVYUREKEMSHI NAKHY LYUKHMSH YANGPEK, MN YNMYARPSYRNPSH NYARYUMNBHKHYAE MY YKYUYAYAHVEYAYNI YAUELE I RPETSNKEMSHL B OKYUME YPSHKNL NRMNYAHREKEMNI RNKYKHMNI 3.5% . oPHVHMYU GDEYAE ME B YUYHU-RN RPYUDHZHYU XKH KHMEPZHNMMNYARKH LSHKEMKH, YU B MEFEKYUMKHH PSYNBNDYARBU zhutskh GYUMKHLUREYA SHRNI OPNAKELNI. schRN ME LN OPHDSLYU, ON schRNL YABHDEREKEYARBSCHR DAYSLEMRSH. ON OPEDKNFEMKHCH b.yu.tEDNRNBYU, NDMN BPEL BNGTSKYUBKBIETSN THPLS, H h.e.hKEEMIN, DBYU DBKHTSUREK PUGLEYARKHKH MU OHKNMYU OND YPSHKNL, Yu DBYU - MU YNMJUU YPSHK Yu.

oPH YANGDYUMHH MNBNI LYUKHMSH BYAETSDU BYARUER LMNTSN BNOPNYANB, DK NRBERYU MU YNRNPSHE MENAUNDHLN OPNBEDEMHE MYUSVMN-HYAYAKEDNBUREKEYAYHU PYUANR. YANGDUREKH l-50, ME KHLYUMYUKNTSNB, OSHRYUKHYAE YANBLEYARKHRE, YUGYUKNYAE ASH, MEYANBLEYARKHLNE. oPH BSHYANYKHU SDEKEMSHU PYUYUNDYU RSPANPEYYRKHBMSHU DBKHTSYUREKEY REU KER RPEANBUKNYAE NAEYAOEVHRE ME RNKEIN BSHYANYSCH YABEPUGBSYINBSCH YAYNPNYARE, MN X NCPNLMSCH DUKEMNYARE. vRNASH GYULSHYAKSH YARYUKKH PEYUKEMNYARECH, YNMYARPSYRNPSH OPKHMYKKH PEYEMKHE YANIPYURKHRE SHYHOYUF DN DBSU VEKNBEY, NYARYUBKHB KERVKHYU KH URSPLYUMYU, PYUGLEYYUBHUYA B YUAHME I APNMEGUYHRNI. pYUANVHE LEYARYU SHYKHOYUFYU MUUNDHKHYAE DPSTS GU DPSTSNL, ON YAUELE RYUMDEL, OPHVEL ONYYUDYU KH YURYUOSKERKHPNBYUMHE (ON LNDE REU KER) NYASYYYARBKKKHYAE VEPEG KCHYKH B MKHFMEI VYUYAR X TCHGEKFYU.

dK PEYEMH BYAEU GYUDYUV, BNGMKHYUBKHU B ONKERE, MENAUNDHLN ASHKN ONKMNYARECH YUBRNLYURKHGHPNBYURE YAYULNKER H ETSN SOPYUBKEMKHE, BNGKNFHB, TUYRKHVEYAYKH, MU DBSU VEKNBEY YNM RPNKE GYU ONKERNL. b YYUVEYARBE PEGEPBMNTSN HYAONKEGNBYUKNYAE TSKHDPNLEUUMHVEYAYNE SOPYUBKEMKHE, B YNRNPNL ONYARSOYUREKEMSHE OEPELEYEMKH LRSPBUKEMNI YNKNMYKH OEDYUKEY OPEBPYUYUKHYAE BN BP YUYYUREKEMSHE X OEPEDYUBYUKHYAE VEPEG BSHYANNNANNPNRMSHE BYUKSH, OPHBNDHBHEYA B DEYARBHE NR TsKHDPNLNRNPYY HYAONKMHREKEMSHL LEUUMKHGLYUL PSKEI X SCHKEPPNMNB. b YAKSVUE MENAUNDHLNYARKH, OPEDSYALYURPHBYUKYA OPEUND MU PSVMNE SOPYUBKEMKHE MU KCHANL SHRYUOE XKKH PEFHLE ONKERYU. dK SOPYUBKEMKH DBKHTSUREKLH, BKHDHLN, BOEPBSHE B LHP HYAONKEGNBUKYUYAE SHKEYRPNDHYARYUMZHNMMYU YAHYARELYU I RPEUYPYURMSHL PEGEPBHPNBYUMHEL. YaDEKURE YARYUBYS MU YUBRNLYURHYS NGMYUVYUKN, VRN OPH YASYYYARBNBUBIYEI SHKELEMRMNI AYUGE BYAE BSHTSNDSH NR MEE YABEDSRYAJ MU MER LYUAYANI NANPSDNBYUMKH KH HYARNVMKHYNB SCHKEIRPNOKHRYUM ХЪ. vRNASH BSHAPYUREYA KH GUYNKDNBYUMMNTSN YPSTSYU, OEPED PUDHNSCHKEYRPNMMNI OPNLSHKEMMNYARECH ONYARYUBHKH GYUDYUVS SYAYNPHRE PUANRSH ON LHMKHYURCHPHGYUZHHH NANPSDNBYUMH. YaYULNKERVHYH B YABNCH NVEPEDE OPEDKNFHKH OPHLEMKHRE MU KERYUREKEMNL YOOYUPYURE BLEYARN RPYUDKHZHNMMSHU HYARNVMKHYNB ONYARNMMNTsN RNYU TSEMEPYURNPSH OEPELEMMNTSN RPEUTYUGMNTS N RNYU.

MU YAYULNKERE ONЪBKHKYA, BSHPYUFYUYAE YANBPELEMMSHL ЪGSHYNL, OHKNRYUFMN-MYUBKHTSYUZHNMMSHI YNLOKEYA. b YANYARYUB NANPSDNBYUMKH BUNDHKH RPH PUDHNYARYUMZHKH: YAB'GMYU "okYUMERYU", YNLYUMDMYU - pyakhs-3l X YUBYUPKHIMYU - "yEDP-ya". yPNLE SCHRNTSN, MU ANPRS KHLEKHYAE OEPETSNBNPMNE SYARPNNIYARBN yaos-6, PYUDKHNBSHYANRNLEPSH ANKEKHU KH LYUKSHU BSHYANR pb-5 X pb-25, GUOPNYAVKHY-NRBERVKHY yapgn-2, YARYUMZHK GYUYHR SH UBNYARYU "YAHPEMYU-2" X LMNTSNE DPSTSNE.

ASDSYKHI l-50 PUYAYAVKHRSHBUKYA DK ONKERNB B DHYUOYUGNME YAYNPNYAREI NR ONYYUDNVMNI 270YL/V DN 2000YL/V MY BSHIANRYU DN 16000L MU DUKEMNYARE (I DNGYUOPYUBYNI B ONKERE ) DN 15000YL. LYUYAHLYUKEMSHI BGKERMSHI BEYA YAYULNKERYU OPH YARYUPRE I SAYNPHREKLH DNYARKHTSYUK 253 RUR, KH YNRNPSHU MY DNKCH TSNPCHVETSN OPHUNDHKNYAE 170 RUR. b ONKERE LNTsKN BSHONKMREYA ME LEMEE DBSU DNGYUOPYUBNY, OPBUYU HG YNRNPSHU OKYUMKHPNBUKYUYAE MU SDYUKEMXX 2000 YL NR YUSCHPNDPNLYU BSHKERYU. oPH SCHRNL MU BYAU PEFKHLYU RPEANBUKNYAE NAEYAOEVHRE SYARNIVHBSHI KH SOPIUBKELSHI ONKER. b PEGSKERYURE ONЪBHKNYAE ZHEKEMNONBNPNRMNE UBNYARNBNE NOPEPEMKHE.

yRN GMUYNL I YUSCHPNDKHMYULKHYNI, RNR GMYUER, VRN OPH OEPEUNDE NR DNGBSYNBSHU YAYNPNYAREI YABEPUGBSYNBSHL ZHEMRP DYUBKEMKH YUSCHPNDKHMYULHVEYAYKHU YAHK YPSHKYU YALEYYUERYA B YARNP NMS UBNYARYU. schRNR SHTTEYR, MEPEDAYN OPKHBNDKHBHI YYURYUYARPNTYUL OEPBSHU PEYURHBMSHU YAYULNKERNB, GYUYARYUBKHK HYAYURE MNBSHE OSRKH YANUPYUMEMKH RPEASELTSN GYUOYUYU OPNDNKEMNI SYARNIV KHBNYARKH. RYU ONЪBHKNYAE OPEDKNFEMKHE KHGLEMRE, B GYUBKHYAHLNYARKH NR PEFKHLYU ONKERYU, ONKNFEMKHE ZHEMRPU RFEYARKH YAYULNKERYU OSREL OEPEYUVYH RNOXBYU HG NDMNI TsPSOOSH AYUNB B DPSTSCH. ShRN REUMHVEYAYNE PEYEMKHE, OPHLEMEMMNE BOEPBSHE MU L-50, BONYAKEDYARBHH MYUKN bHPNYNE OPHLEMEMKHE MU YABEPUGBSYNBSHU LYUKHMYUU, B RNL VHYAKE MU RS-144 X "YNMYNPDE".

“pYUANRYU MYUD OPNEIRNL l-50, - PYYAYAYUGSHBYUK k.k.yaEKYNB, — PEYU YAKNFMSHE GYUDYUVKH YANGDYUMKH ONKMNNYARECH YUBRNLYURKHVEYAYHU YAKHYAREL SOPYUBKEMKH ONKERNL MU OPYURKHVE YAYH "MEIRPUKEMNL" YAYULNKERE, Kommersant MYYARYUKHBUK MU MEYANBLEYARKHLNYARKH ANKEKHU, TsPNLNGDYKHU PSHVYUTSNB SOPYUBKEMKH, YYUNI OBKERYA YARYUBYU RPYUDHZHNMMNI URSPBU KAMYU YNKNMYU I ONKMNNYARECH YUBRNLYURKHVEYAYNI YAHYARELNI. ъ OPEDKYUTSYUK YANGDURE SOPYUBKYCHYKHI AKNYY I PSYNRYNI ON RHOS SFE YASYYYARBSCHYEI "YARPNEBNI" PSVYKH YUBRNOKHKNRYU, OPH ONLNYH YNRNPNI URSPLYUM DNBNPYUVKHBUER YAYULNKER Y ZHEKH. rPEANBYUMKH FE ZHYUTSKH N MENAUNDHLNYARKH YARPNTSNTSN YANAKCHDEMKH MNPLURKHBNB ON SYAKHKHL KH UNDYUL MU EDKHMKHZHS OPETSPSGYKH OPH YANGDYUMKHH YUBRNLYURKHVEYAYKHU YAKHYAREL SOYUBKEMKH YANBEPEMMN ME MSFMSH X BPEDMSH. th YANFYUKEMHCH, zhyutskh BGJK BEPU, LYAHYEB X pNDMMYAYKHI LEM ME ONDDEPFUKH, X YAHYARELS yuayaS-50 BSHONKMKHKH I YKYUYAYAHVEYAYHLH PSHVYUTSYULH X RPEASELSHLH SYAHKHKHLH…

MU L-50 BOEPBSHE B yayaap HYAONKEGNBUKYUYAE YUBRNLYURKHVEYAYU YAKHYARELYU PETSKKHPNBYUMKH ONKNFEMKH ZHEMRPYU RFEYARKH B ONKERE OSREL OPEYYUVYH RNOXBYU LEFDS TCHGEKFMSHLH X Y PSHKEEBSHLH TsPSOOYULH YEYAYANM-AYUNB. MENAUNDHLNYARE B ShchRNL BNGMKHYKYU ONRNLS, VRN OPH OEPEUNDE MU YABEPUGBSYNBSC YAYNPNYARE KHGLEMERYA YUYUYREP NAREYUMKH YPSHKYU, KH ETSN ZHEMRP DYUBKEMKHY (SYAKNBMYU Kommersant RNVYU OPHKNFEMKH PEGSKERKHPSCHYEI ONZELMNI YAHKSH) YALEYYUERYA MYUGYUD, OPHBNDE Y ONEBKEMKHCH OKHYHPSCHYETSN LNLEMRYU. aEG OEPEYYUVYKH RNOKKHBYU YNLOEMYUZHKH OKHYHPSCCHYETSN LNLEMRYU ONRPEAANBUKYU AS SBEKKHVEEMKH PUGLEPNB TsNPKHGNMRYUKEMNTSN NOPEPEMKH, YANNRBERYARBEMMN, OPHBEKYU ASH Y PNYARS LYUYA YASH YYULNKERYU KH YUSCHPNDKHMYULKHVEYAYNTSN YANOPNRKHBKEMKH. yuBRNPNL PEYEMKH YARYUK k.lHMYKHM. RUYFE BOEPBSHE B NREVEYARBEMMNI OPYURKHYE MU L-50 GYU YAVER HYAONKEGNBYUMKH DNYARKHFEMKHI PUDHNSCHKEIRPNMHYH SHCHYHOYUF RFEFKNTSN ANLAYUPKHPNBYKHYU SDIUKNYAE YANYPYURKHRE DN DBSU WECKNBAY. oHKNR X LRSPLYUM YAHDEKH NDHM GYU DPSTSHL B MNYANBNI VYUARKH TCHGEKFYU. mNBEYARBU ONGBNKHKH YASCHYNMNLHRE MEYAINKEIN RNMM BGKERMNI LYUYAYASH YYULNKERYU, NTsPYUMHVHB ITS 210000 YC.

nRYASRYARBKHE OPYURKHVEYAYNTSN NOSHRYU OKHKNRKHPNBUMH YAYULNKERNB I RPESTSNKEMSHL YPSHKNL OPHBEKN Y YANGDYUMKHCH YUMYUKNTSNBNTSN RPEMYUFEPU, MU YNRNPNL KERVKHYKH-HYAOSHRYUREK X GMYUNLHKHKYAE I SOPIUBKEMKHEL ASDSYEI LYUKHMSH, NDMNBPELEMMN NASVYUYAE ONKERYUL MU MEI

YANGDYUMKHE OEPBNI B yayap YUBRNLYURKHVEYAYNI ANPRNBNI YAKHYARELSH SOPIUBKEMKH, BYKCHVYUCHYEI SYARPNIYARBN BSHDEPFKHBYUMKH GYUDYUMMNTSN GYUOYUYU OPNDNKEMNI SYARNIVKHBNYARKH OSREL NRYAKEFKHB YUMKH GYU YALEYEMHEL YUSCHPNDKHMYULKHVEYAYNTSN TNYSYAYU ONKNFEMKH ZHEMRPYU RFFEYARKH (YAKHYARELYU OEPEYYUVYKH RNOXBYU, OPEDKNFEMMYU k.g.lKHMYKHMSHL) I VERNL LTSMNBEMMNTSN KHGLEMEMKH ZH EMRPNBYH (OPH YAAPNYAE YAOEZhTSPSGNB), DETNPLYUZHKH OKUMEPYU , KHGLEMEMKH YAYNPNYARKH BSHYANRSH ONKERYU, NYUGYUKYUYAE YAKNFMEIHL DEKNL. oEPBNMYUVYUKEMN OPEDONKYUTSYUKNYAE, VRN OKNYYUDE SOPYUBKELNTSN YARYUAHKHKYURNPYU ME OPEBSHYAHR 5% NR OKNYYUDH YPSHKYU. YAVKHRYUKNYAE, VRN PYUG GYUOYUYA SARNIVKHBNYARKH LUK, RN H ONRPEAMSHE SOPYUBKYCHYKHE LNLEMRSH ASDSR LYUKSH. bYa╦ MYUDEKHYAE MU YAHYARELS OEPEYYUVYKH RNOXBYU B ONKERE.

ndMUYN BYAINPE BSHYAMHKNYAE, VRN B YAKSVUE NRYYUGYU SYARPNIYARBU HYAYSYARBEMMNI ZHEMRPNBYKH YYULNKER MU PYDE PEFHLNB ONOYUDYUER B NAKYUYARE MESYARNIVKHBNYARKH. ONYYUDYU "ORKHDEYAYRYKH" B SCHRNL YAKSVYUE ЪBHKYUYAE NOPEDEKCHYEI, X OKNYYUDE TsNPKHGNMRYUKEMNTSN NOPEPEMKH SBEKHVHKH B DBYU PYUGYU. hYaONKEGNBYUMKHE ZHEKEMNONBNPNRMNTsN YHK YAONYANAYARBNBUKN SLEMEMHCH ETSN OKNYYUDH, BEYAYU, YUSCHPNDKHMYULKHVEYAYNTSN YANOPNRKHBKEMKH KH SKSVIEMKH ONBEDEMKH LYUKHMSH MU BGKER MN-ONYYUDNVMSHU PEFHLYUU I ANYNBSHL BERPNL.” MYALNRP MU BYAE LEPSH, OPKHMERSHE DK YAMHFEMKH LYUYAYASH OKYUMEPYU, OPNHGBNDYARBEMMKHYH ME SKNFHKHKYAE B GYUDYUMMSHE KHLHRSH, VRN OPHBEKN Y PNYARS BEYU YNMYARPSYZH X MY 18 R. MELMNTSN ONLNTSKN OPHLEMEMKHE BOEPBSHE B NREVEYARBEMMNI OPYURHYE ZHEKEMNRЪMSRSHU, I ONYAKEDSCHYHL TPEGEPNBYUMKHEL, OYUMEKEY NAHBYKH. REUMNKNTSKH KGTSNRNBKEMKH LMNTSKHU SHKELEMRNB RNKEIN NYABYUKHBYUKYUYAE KH MESDHBKHREKEMN, VRN MEINRNPSHE KH MHU BEYANL VERSHPE RNMMSH OPHUNDHKNYAE KhGTSNRYUBKKHBYURE KH GYUTSN RNBNY BAYANL 40 R. BYAE ShchRKH KhGDEPFYKH SR'FEKKKH LYUHMS.

mu l-50 NRYUGYUKHYAE NR BYKYUDMSHU AYUNB X RNOKKHBN GYUKHBYUKNYAE B TSEPLERKHGHPNBYUMMSHE NRYAYH TCHGEKKFYU X YPSHKYU. xYaONKEGNBUKHYAE X OPNBEPEMMSHE PYUMEE REUMKHVEYAYKHE PEYEMH. ShRN - BEKNYAKHOEDMNE yuYAYAKH YAN BGDSHAKHBUCHYEIYE OPEDMEI REKEFYNI, ONGBNKKBYEI BSHONKMRE NRPSHB MU STSKYU YURYUYKH ANKEKHU, VELB MUVYUKE PYUGAETSIU, YEKEBSHE GYUPSHKYKH LMNTSNE DPSTSNE, PYUMEE NOPNANBUMMNE MU l-4 X 3 l. dK YANYYYYYYEMH OPNAYETSYU ONYAKE ONYYUDYKH OPEDSYALNRPEKH RNPLNGMSHE KSHFKH. oEPBNMYUVYUKEMN YAYULNKER YANGDUBUKYA, YUY YAPEDYARBN DAYRYUBYH YUBKHYUZHNMMSHU ANLA, MN SFE B UNDE OPNEIRKHPPNBYUMH MU MEL OSHRYUKHYAE ONDBEYAHRE YPSHKYURSHE PYYERSH, B V YYARMNYARKH, PYUGPYUAYURSHBUYUBYSCHYA Bnya OKYUMHPSCHYSCH PYYERS “45a”. b 1958-L y.d.mYUDKHPYUDGE OPEDKNFHK GYUOSYAYURE I l-50 AYUKKHYARHVEYAYHE PYYERSH. nyanane BMHLUMKHE SDEKKNYAE DBKHTSUREKIL. BEDE NR MKHU, B GMYUVKHREKEMNI YAREOEMKH, GYUBHYAEKN, DNYARKHTSMER KH YAYULNKER GYUDUMMMNI YAYNPNYARKH X OPNEIRMNI DUKEMNYARKH. nVEME BYUFMN ASHKN, VRNASH SDEKEMSHI PUYAUND TSNPCHVETSN MU YPEIYEPYAYNL PEFHLE ME OPEBSHYUK 1.12YTS/YTSYA.V. RNKAIN B SCHRNL YAKSVYUE SDUBUYUKNYAE ONKSVKhRE GYUDYUMMSCH DYUKEMNYARE.

l-50 OEPBNMYUVYUKEMN PUYAYAVKHRSHBUKYAK OND VERSHPE RSPANBEMRKHKRNPMSHU mi-6 HKKH rpd bd-9yu, YU GUREL NVEPEDMSHL ONYARYUMNBKEMHEL YANBLKHMYU HU GYULEMHKH MU DBKHTSUREKKH o.t. gSAZHYu l16-17 (pd16-17). th MYUVYUKS 1961-CN MY-6 ASHK YYULSHL LNYMSHL YANBERYAYHL rpddt. OPH YASUNL BEYAE 3500 YTS NM OEPBNMYUVYUKEMN PUYAYAVKHRSHBUKYA MU TNPIYuFMSCH RCTS 22000 YTSYA. bSHYANYKHL UYUPYUREPHYARKHYUL B MELYUKNI YAREOEMKH YAONYANAYARBNBUKN ONBSHYEMKHE RELOEPYURSPSH TSYUGNB OEPED RSPAKHMNI DN 1130╟y. b MNYAPE 1960-TSN MU YAREMDE ONKSVHKH RJTS 22400YTSYA OPH SDEKEMNL PYYAUNDE RNOXBYU MU TNPAYUFE 1.72YTS/YTSYA.V. ndMUYN BYAYNPE BSHIYAMHKNYAE, VRN DK NAEYAOEVEMKH 50-VYUYANBNTSN PEYASPIYU MENAUNDHLN YAMKHGHRE TNPIYuFMSCH RCTS DN 19000 YC, YU LYUYAKHLYUKEMSCH - DN 13000 YTs.

b DEYUAPE 1955-TSN GYUYUGVHYS OPEDZIBHKH SHCHAYAKHGMSHY OPNEIR LYUHMSH, YU Y LYUCH YAKEDSCHYETSN TSNDYU ONYARPNHKH LUYER. ONVRH LEYAZH PYUANRYUKYU LUYERMYU YNLHYAYAH. EE OPEDAEDYUREKEL ASHK LYUPYUK YUBHYUZHHH b.yu.yaSDEZH. PEGSKERYURSH PUANRSH YNLHYAYAHH NYUGYUKHYAE DKЪ YNMYARPSYRNPNNB MENFKHDUMMSH. b YABNEL GUYKCHVEMHH NMYu NRLEVYUKYU, B VYUYARMNYARKH: “...ONKSVEMHE GYUDYUMMMNI (...) DUKEMNYARKH 11000-12000 YL MU YPEIYAPYAYNI YAYNPNYARH 1700-1800 YL / V AEG DNGYUOPYUBYKH RNOKHBNL B ONKERE ME NAEYAOEVEMN. gYUDYUMMYU LYUYAKHLYUKEMYU OPYURHVEYAYU DUKEMNYARE (...) I DBSL DNGUOPYUBYULH RNOXBNL B BNGDSUE NAEYAOEVKHBUERYA B OPEDEKYUU 14000-14500YL, OPH SCHRNL BSHONK MEMKHE DNGYUOPYUBYKH MU DNGBSYNBNI YAYNPNYARKH MYUKHVKHE MU YAYULNKERE ONDBEYAMShu AYUNB OPHBNDHR Y MENAUNDHLNYARKH BSHONKMYRE ONKER MU MYUVYUKEMNI DKHYURUMZHKH 3000YL ME RNKEIN MU NRMNYAHREKEMN LUKNI YAYNPNYARKH, MN X MU BSHIANRYUU, ME OPEBNYAUNDYKHU 8000L, VRN ЪBKЪRYAЪ MEOPPHELKELSHL, RYU YUY B SHCHRKHU SYAKNBKHU YAYULNKER LNFER ASHR NRMNYAHREKEMN KETSIN OPEUBYUVEM YAPEDYARBU LH obn OPNRKHBMKHYU... gYUDYUMMYU ONYARYUMNBKEMHEL YANBLHMY yayap DKKHMYU PYUGAETSYU YYULNKERYU 3000 L AEG OPHLEMEMHYARYUPRNBSHU SYAYNPHREKEY ME BSHONKMYERYA... dK SCHYAOXYURYU ZHH YYULNKERY I YASYYYARBSCHYHU YUSCHPNDPNLNB MENAUNDHLN NAEYAOEVHRE DKHMS PYUGAETSIU YAN YARYUPRNBSHLH SAYNPHREKLH ME ANKEE 2500 L. opEDKYUTSUELSHE NYA-23 LUO DPSTSKHE YAONYANASH BGKERYU YAYULNKERYU: RNVEVMSHI YARYUPR, BGKER I TsKHDPNREKEFYH — OPEDYARYUBKCHR KHMREPEYA DK bbya, YUY ANKEE SHYNMNLHVMSHE X NAYEOEVKHBUCHYKHE KSVEE ANEBNE PYYYAPEDNRNVEMHE YYULNKERNB YARPURETSKHVEYAYNI YUBHYUZHHH. sYUGYUMMSHE MNBSHE YAONYANASH BGKERYU RPEASCHR DERYUKEMNI YNMYARPSYRKHBMNI OPNPYUANRYKH OPNBEPYKH KERMSHLH HYAOSHRYUMKHILH. rPEANBYUMH bbya OH NANPNME YYULNKERYU nya-23 luo ME BSHONKMEMSH... rYUYHL NAPUGNL (...) LUYER YAYULNKERYU “50” ME LNFER ASHRÉ NDNAPEM.”

b YABGKH I SHHRHL B lyooE YANYARNKNYAE YANBEYYUMHE I SVYYARHEL YAOEZHHYUKHYARNB PUGKHVMSHU mxx. ON ETSN PEGSKERYURYUL B TEBPYUKE 1956-CN o.b.DELEMREEB OKHYUK tsKYUBYNLS bbya o.t.fHTSYUPEBS: “b PEGSKERYURE NALEMYU LMEMKHLH luo ME LNFER YANTSKYUYAHREYA I NRYKNMEMKH EL SHCHAYKHGMNTSN OPNEIRYU X LUYERYU SHRNTSN YAYULNKERYU, RYU YUY YANGDYUMKHE DUKEMETSN YABEPUGBSYNBNTSN ANLAYUPDHPNBYKHYU I YPEIYEPYAYNI YAYNPNYARECH 1700 -1800 YL/V EBKKERYA MNBNI MENASHVYUIMNI GYUDYUVEI... I SHCHRNI RNVYH GPEMHЪ H YAKEDSER ONDUNDHRE Y PYYYALNRPEMKHCH NYAMNBMSHU RPEANBYUMKHI Y YAYULNKERS “50”. REUMKHVEYAYKH YANBEPYEMMN YYAMN, VRN GYUDYUVU ONKSVEMKH ANKENNI DUKEMNYARKH MU YABEPUGBSYNBSHU YAYNPNYARU ANLAYUPDHPNBYKHYU BEYANL 265 R PEYUERYA GYU YAVER SBEKKHVEMHYU DK KHMSH PYUGAETSIU. ONSHRNLS OPH SYARYUMNBKEMXX BGKERMNI DHYARYUMZHKHH 3000 L DK SCHRNTSN YAYULNKERYU HLEKNYAE B BHDS NAYGYUREKEMNE OPHLEMEMHE SYAYNPHREKEY. lSH YAVKHRYUEL, VRN DKЪ l-50 OPKHMZHHO NANPNMSH DNAFEM ASHRE YNPEMMSHL NAPUGNL HGLEMEM, RYU YUY SYARYUMNBYU NASHVMNTSN BNNPSFEMKH OPHBNDHR RNKEIN Y SBEKHVEMKHCH BEYU YAYULNKERYU, SUSDYEMKHCH ETSN YUSCHPNDKHMYULKHYH, YU YAKEDNBUREKEMN, SLEMEEMKHCH DUKEMNYARKH ONKERYU, ONSHRNLS NANPNMHREKEMYA YAHYARELYU YAYULNKERYU DNKFMYU YANYARNRE HG PUDHNOPNRKHBNDEIYARBKH DKЪ N RPYUFEMHYURYUY KHYARPEAHREKEY H PUYER... pYYAVERMYU DUKEMNYARE YYULNKERYU "50" AEG DNGYUOPYUBYH RNOKHBNL (..) DEYARBHREKEMN MHFE GYUDYUMMMNI (...), MN NAYYU - OPH DBSU GUOPYUBYU NAEYAOEVKHBUER G YUDYUMMSHE 14000-15000 YL... OPNS BYUYA OPEYALNRPERE GUYKCHVEMHE bbya OH SHYAYKHGMNLS OPNEIRS (...), RYUY YUY KHMSHU OSREI YANGDIUMKH RUYNTSN YYULNKERYU B SHCHRKH YAPNYKH luo ME MUUNDHR.”

NYAEMECH LUYER BYAE-RUYKH SRBEPDKHKH, NDMUYN DBKHTSUREKH RUY KH ME ONЪBKHKHYAE. vRNASH ME REP'RE BPELEMKH MU NOSHRMSHI SHYGELOKP, ONKSVKHBHI KHMDEYA l-50yu, SYARYUMNBHKH ONYU rpd bd-7 RCNI OH 11000 YTSYA. “TsNMYYU” DBHCURYUREY XUGELMU NRPUYANRYU BYAEU YAHYULKYAYU MUUVYUKYUE Kernl 1959-CN MU GUBNEINLL YUSHUSHPNLLA, YU NYEMECH L-50U MU DNBNBNMSCH AYUGS Nia.

b 1958-L OPKHMHLUERYA PEYEMKHE ON NYABNANFDEMKHH nya-23 HP OPEDZЪBKEMKHЪ l-50 MU TSNYAKHYAOSHRUMKHЪ X ON HYAONKEGNBYUMKHH DBSU YARPNYKHUYA l-50 I DBKHTSYUREKILH bd-7 X l16-17 DK NRPYUANRYKH ASDSYETSN l-52. oPHLEPMN B SHRN FE BPEL OPEDKYUTSUERYA OPNEIR "RYUMYEPYU" MU AYUGE "ORKHDEYAYRYH", OPEDMYUGMYUVEMMNTSN DK DNGUOPYUBYKH RNOXBNL B ONKERE ANEBNI LYUKHMSH MU YABEPUGBSYN BNI YAYNPNYARKH BSHIANRYU ME LEMEE 10000 L. mu AYUGE l-50 PYUGPYUAYURSHBUKKHYAE KERUCHYU KYUANPURNPHYL-50kk DK HYAYAKEDNBYUMKHI rpd, YANGDUYUBYUBYETSNYA MU AYUGE rbd my-12 X RSPANYARYUPREPUYU rya-12l, X AEYAOKHKNRMSHI MNYAHREKE l-51 DK DNYARYUBYKH ЪDEPMNTSN ANEOPHOYUYU. b LYUE 1959-CN MYVYUKHYAE PSKEFYH ANLAYUPDHPNBYKHYU.

27 NYRAP 1959 Ts. OKHKNRKHPSELSHI mKHYNKYUEL hNYAHTNBHVEL tsNPIIMNBSHL OPNRNRKHO l-50yu ONDMKYA B BNGDSU I YUSCHPNDPNLYU KERMN-HYAYAKEDNBUREKEYINTSN KHMYARKHRSRRYU HLE MH l.l.cPNLNBYU. RYU YUY MU LNLEMR MYUVYUKYU HYAOSHRYUMKHI DBKHTSUREKKH YNMYARPSYZHKH GSAZHYU EYE ME ASHKKH DNBEDEMSH, RN MU OPNRRNKHO SYARYUMNBHKH VERSHPE LEMEEE LNYMSHU LNRNPYU bd-7 (OH 9750 YTSYA) YNMYARPSYZHHH dNAPSHMHMYU. dКЪ SBEKHVEMHЪ РЪЦХ DN 14000 YTSYA DBYU ONDIPSHKEEBSHU DBKHTSUREK NANPSDNBYUKH TNPIYUFMSHLH YULEPYULH. ndMUYN ŠRN ME ONLNCKN: l-50 RYU KH ME OPENDNKEK YAYNPNYARE GBSYU, “SOEPHYAE” B l=0.99. yPNLE SHRNI MESDYUVH NDMNI LEKYNI YUBYUPHH, OPNVHE HYAOSHRYUMH YAYULNKERYU, OPNBNDHLSHE m. TsNPIMNBSHL H yu kHOYN, OPNUNDHKH TSKYUDYN. aSHKYU BSHUBKEMYU MEYAYNKEIN HGASHRNVMYU SHTTEYRKHBMNYARE ZHEKEMN-ONBNPNRMNTSN BEPRKHYUKEMNTSN NOPEPEMKH.

b UNDE KERMSHU HYAOSHRYUMKHI BGKERMSHI BEYA LYUHMSH, BHDHLN, ME OPEBSHYUK 115 RUR, VRN NAZYAMYERYA MEGMMYUVHREKEMNI ROTsNI DBHTSUREKEY. l-50yu YANBEPHK BNYAELMYUJURE HYAOSHRYUREKEMSHU ONKERNB, YNCDU B 1960-L OPKHMYKKH PEYEMKHE N OPEYYYYEMHH PYUANR ON MELS H ON ONYARPNEMMNLS Y SHRNLS BPELEMKH l-52, ЪB KUBYELSYA, TYURKHVEYAYKH, LNDKHTKHTYUZHHEI YABNETSN OPEDEYARBEMMKHYU. oPKHVHM GDEYAE MEYAYNKEIN, MN TsKYUBMSHLH ЪBKЪCHRYA MEYANNRBERYARBHE UYUPYUREPHYARKHY YAYULNKERYU, GYUDYUMMSHL ONYARYUMNBKEMHEL YANBLKHMYU, KH, PYUGSLEERYA, ONKHRKHYU, MUOP YUBKEMMYU, TYURHVEYAYKH, MU OPHMHFEMHE PNKKH bbya B YANBPELEMMMNI BNIME. mu HYAOSHRYUMKHU YAYULNKERYU ME NANKNYAE KH AEG MEOPHЪRMNYAREI. bN BPEL NDMNI KH "TSNMNY" DBKHTSYUREKEY, l-50yu YANPBYUKYA I RNPLNGNB, KH BPEGYUKYA B YARNYKHI MUOPNRKHB 3le, SMEYA FHGME PUDHYARYU iPSVKHMKHMYU. xGBEYAREM YAKSVUI, YNTSDU B ONKERE KNOMSK RNOKHBMSHHI RPSANOPNBND. YEPNYAHM UKSHMSK LNYMSHL ONRNNYNL MU TsNPVKHE SGKSH DBKHTSUREK KH KHIE ON YAVYUYARKKHBNI YAKSVIUMNYARKH ME BNGMKHY ONFYUP. bNNAYE, HE LMEMKHCH BEREPYUMYU nya-23 I.YU.HPNYNONYAYU, ONKERSH MU l-50yu RPEANBUKH NR SHYKHOYUFYU LNAHKHGYUZHHH BYAU YABNKHU VEKNKBEVEYAYKHU BNGLNFMNYAREI KH TSPYUMHVHKH I ONDB HCNL.

b YNMZHE LYU 1961-CN, SFE ONYAKE KHYBKHDUZHKH NYA-23, OPKHMHLUERYA PEEMKHE N DELNMYARPYUZHKH L-50 MU BNGDSMNNL OYUPYUDE B rSKHME. YaYULNKER, OPNYARNBKHI MU GELKE ONVRKH TsND, Y ONYUGYUREKEMNLS ONKERS ONDTSNRNBHKYU APHTSYUDYU OND PSYNBNDYARBNL y.a.mNDEKELUMYU. KERVKHYKH m.h.tsNPIIMNB KH yu.ya.kHOIN, ONYAKE VERSHPEU RPEMKHPPNBNVMSHU ONKERNB, 9 KhChK OPNDELMYARPHPNBUKH NAYYARBEMMNYARKH LYUHMS, ONYARYUBHB RNVIS ME RNKEIN B E KHYAR NPHKH, MN X B DEREKEMNYARKH nya-23. b UNDE HYAOSHRYUMKHI YAYULNKER KHLEK ANPRNBNI MNLEP “023”, NDMUYN OEPED OEPBNI OSAKHVMNI DELNMYARPUZHHEI MNLEP KHGLEMKHKH MU “12”. mYUD YUSCHPNDPNLNL rSKHMN l-50, OKHKNRKHPSELSHI m TsNPIIMNBSHL, B YANOPNBNFDEMKHH DBSU lHts-21 BSHONKMKHK SHTTEYRMSHI OPNKER. mu gYUOYUDE YYULNKER OPNKHGBEK BOEVYURKEMHE, ELS OPHYABNHKH YND murn Bounder X DUFE ONTSNBYUPKHBUKH N YAEPKHIMNL OPNHGBNDYARBE. mN B SCHRN BPEL, NYAMECH 1960TS, b l LYAKHYEBYU MYUGMYUVHKH MYUVYUKEMKHYNL zhyutskh, Yu nya-23 PYYATNPLHPNBYUKH. yNKKEIRKHB OEPEONDVKHMKKH b.m.VEKNLECH, YANGDUBUBIELS YNYALKHVEYAYSCH REUMKHYS, Yu l-50 BONYAKEDYARBKH OEPEDYUKH B LSGEI B lNMHMN pYYAOYUD THPLSH ME ONGBNKKHK DNBEYARKH ON YARPNEMMSHE YYULNKERSH DNPUANRYURE OPNEIRSH. ONBYAELEYARMNE SBKEVEMHE AYUKKHYARHVEYAYHLH PUYERYULH, YUGYUKNYAE, "ONYARYUBHKN RNVIS" MY YARPURETSKHVEYAYNI YUBHYUZHHH.

mN DN PUYATNPLHPNBYUMKH nya PUANRSH ON ANLAYUPDHPNBYKHYUL KBKH ONKMSHL UNDNL. yaPYUGS FE ONYAKE l-50 MYUVYUKNYAE OPNEIRKHPNBYUMKHE ETSN LNDKHTHYUZHHH l-52

, MU YNRNPNI ONDIPSHKEEBSHE LNRNTsNMDNKSH SYARYUMYUBKHBYUKKHYAE OND GMYUVHREKEMSHL STSKNL Y OKNYAYNYARKH YPSHKYU, YU BMEMKHE HLEKH MEYAYNKEIN KHMSHE OHKNMSH mu l-52 SYARYUMN BHKKH DNONKMHREKEMNE TSNPHGNMRYUKEMNE NOPEPEMKHE MU BEPHME YHK, OPNBEKH BMSRPEMMHE DNPYUANRYKH OPEDONKYUTSYUKNYAE SYARYUMNBHRE YAKHYARELS DNGYUOPYUBYKH RNOKHBNL B BNGDSUE. bNNPSPHEMHE YANYARNKN HG VERSHPEU PUYER YKYUYAYU "BNGDSU-GELK". oEPBSHI SHYGELOKP l-52, NYAMYUYEMMSHI DBKHTTSUREKLH “16-17”, ASHK ONYARPNEM, NDMUYN ME HYAOSHRSHBUKYA KH ONYEK MU YAKNL.

kKHE MU ASLYUTSE KH B LNDEKU YASYYYARBNBUK OPNEIR l-54

. NR L-50 NM NRKHVYUKYYA YPSHKNL I MANKENI YRAPKNBHDMNECH He Gyudmei Ipnlee Mu Mell Ryuhif Yumyukhpnbyukhyae Pyugkhwms Buphyamrsh Pyuyaknfemkh LNRNTSNMD.

b 1960 C NYNMVHKNYAE OPNEIRKHPPNBYUMKHE YARPURETSKHVEYAYNTSN ANLAYUPKHPPNBYHYU l-56

, I YPEIYEPYAYNI YAYNPNYARECH B OPEDEKYUU l=2.5 -3.25, DUKEMNYARECH DN 10000 YL X BGKERMSHL BEYANL NYNKN 250 RUR nM KHLEK YUSCHPNDHMYULHVEYAYSCH YNLONMNBYS "SRYU" I DBSL BEPRHYUKEMSHLH NOEPEMHYLH. MN SHRN ME ASHKYU OPHBSHVMYU "SRYU". mu DNGBSYNBSHU YAYNPNYARU OEPEDMEE TsNPKHGNMRYUKEMNE NOPEPEMKHE ASHKN YABNANDMNNPHEMRKHPSELSHL KH ME BKKHKN MU YUYUPYUREPKYARKHYKH SARNIVKHBNYARKH. b RYYNI YNMTHTSSPYUZHHH YAYULNKER TYURHVEYAYH KHLEK YUSCHPNDHMYULHVEYAYSCH YAUELS “AEYAUBNYARYU”. oPH OEPEUNDE MU YABEPUGBSYNBSCH YAYNPNYARE TsNPKHGNMRYUKEMNE NOEPEMKHE THYYAHPNBYUKNYAE. REL YAYULSHL NAEYAOEVKHBUKYUYAE OPNDNKEMYU SARNIVKHBNYARE LYUHMSH OPH HGLEMEMHKH PUYAOPEDEKEMKH YUSCHPNDKHMYULHVEYAYKHU YAHK MU YPSHKE. ShRN PEYEMKHE ONGBNKKHKN NRYYUGYUREYA NR YAKNFMNI YAKHYARELSH OPEYYUVYKH RNOXBYU.

b MYUVYUKE l-56 KHLEK LMNTsN NAYETTSN YAN YABNHLH OPEDEYARBEMMKHYULH: RPETSSNKEMNE YPSHKN X VERSHPE DBKHTSUREK B NRDEKEMSHU LNRNTsNMDNKYUU. ndMUYN BYAINPE NM ONKSVHK PUGBHRSHE MYOOKSHBSH LEFDS YPSHKNL H TCHGEKFEL, YU LEYARE DBHTSUREKEY PYUGLEYUKHYAE B EDKHMNL OYUYERE OND YPSHKNL. ONYARPNHKH ONKMNPUGLEPMSHI LUYER L-56. oYUPYUKKEKEMN I PUANRYULH ON YYULNKERS B nya b.b. yKHLNBU BEKHYAE PUANRSH MYUD DBKHTSUREKEL b-15.

mu AYUGE l-56 OPNPYUAYURSHBUKYA ETSN OYUYAYUFHPYAIKHI BYUPKHYUMR l-55

, B ONDBYUPKHYUMRYU l-55yu, l-55a X l-55b, NRKHVYUBHUYA TSYUAYUPHRYULH X VHYAKNL DBHTSUREKEY. oEPBSHI XG MHU ASHK PUYAYAVKHRYUM MU 40 OYUYAYUFHPNB, BRNPNI MU -85, YU RPERKHI MU-120. l-55yu KHLEK DBYU DBKHTSUREK, l-55a - VERSHPE, Yu l-55b - LEYARE.

b YNMZHE 50-U CC. B YUBKHYUZHNMMNI OPEYAYAE (MYUOPHLEP, B Aviation Week HP 1 DAYUAP 1958TS.) ONЪBKHKHYAE TSKHONRERKHVEYAYKHE PKHYASMYKH "YANBERYAYNTSN ANLAYUPDHPNBYKHYU I ЪDEPMNI YAKHKNBNI SYARYUMNBYNI", BMEME BEYAEL YAUNFETSN I am l-50. BEPNЪRMEE BYAETSN, GYUOYUDMSHE SHYYAOEPRSH YANONYARYUBKKKH HMTNPLYUZHCH N l-50 I LNDMNI B RN BPEL RELNI N ЪDEPMSHU YUBKHYUDBKHTSYUREKU. REL BPELEMEL B nya LYAKHYEBU OND HLTPNL l-60

DEYARBHREKEMN PUGPYUAYURSHBUKYA, YAYULNKER I ЪDEPMNI YAHKNBNI SYARYUMNBYNI, YNRNPSC OPNEYRHPNBYUKN NYA AM. kCHKEIH. schryu LYUHMYU ME BSHKYU GYU YARYUDHCH OPNEIRYU.

YAYYAYYARBNBUK EY NDHM ONVRKH MEBEPNЪRMSHI OPNEIR — YARPURETSKHVEYAYKHI ANLAYUPDHPNBYKHY-KERUCHYU KNDYU L-70

. schRNR YAYULNKER, OPKHBNDMKHBHYAE B GYUDYUMMNI RNVYE NYEYUMYU, LNTs ONONKMKHRE GYUOYUYA RNKOKHBYU NR BYAOKSHBYEI ONDBNDMNI KNDYKH OPNDNKFKHRE OSRE. BEYAELYU MUONLHMYU l-50, NM, NDMUYN, KHLEK TCHGEKF-KNDYS KH PUYAONKNFEMKHE VERSHPEU DBKHTSYUREKEY, KHAYKCHVYUBEE ONOYUDYUMKHE B MKHU APSHGTS.

b YAEPEDHME 60-U CC. PSYNBNDYARBN bbya NYANGMYUKN, VRN YAOYU YAN YABEPRSHBYUMHEL YUBHYUOPNTSPYULL ASKYU OPEFDEBPLEMMNI. YARPURETSKHVEYAYKHE ANLAYUPDHPNBYKHYKH ONYUGYUKH YEAA ANKEE TSHAIHL BHDNL NPSFKH, VEL LEFYNMRKHMEMRYUKEMSHE PUYERSH. YaYULNKER, NYAMYUYEMMSHI YPSHKYURSHLH PUYERYULH, OYURPSKHPSCHYKHI S YYULSHU TsPYUMHZh OPNRKHBMKHYU, NAEYAOEVKHBUER ONPUFEMKHE ZHEKH GU TSNPYUGDN LEMEEE BPEL H I ANKEYEI BEPNЪRMNYAR EC, VEL AYUKKHYARKHVEYAYU PYYERYU, YNRNPNI MYDN OPENDNKERE ONVRH ONKRNPYU DEYARYU RSHIAV YHKNLERPNB B SYAKNBKHYU BYAE ANKEE YANBEPEMMNI OPNRRHBNPUYERMNI NANPNMSH. b YNMZHE YNMZHNB DUFE B KNYYUKEMSHU YNMTKHYRYUU LNFMN HYAONKEGNBURE LNYE YARPURETSKHVEYAYNI YUBKHYUZHHH, YNTSDU JUURMSHE PUYERSH OPNYARN AEYAONKEGMSH. bN BRNPNI ONKNBHME 60-U CC. BNOPNYA N GYULEME RS-95, l-4 X gl BYARYUK I MNBNI NYARPNRNI, X SHRN OPHBEKN Y NVEPEDMNLS BNGPNFDEMKHCH nya LYAHYYEBU.

b 1967 Ts. RYU FE DUKEMNYARE OPH ONKERE YAN YAYNPNYARECH 3200 - 3500 YL/V MU BSHYANRE YABSHYE 18000 L; DUKEMNYARE 16000 -18000 YL OPH ONKERE YAN YAYNPNYARECH 800 - 900 YL/V MU BSHIANRE 10000 L.

b NRBER B 1967-68 CC. ONЪBHKYA OPNEIR l-20

.
YAYYAYYARBNBUKN MEYAYNKEIN ETSN BYUPKHYUMRNB: NDHM - OH YAUELE "SRYU" I RPETSNKEMSHL YPSHKNL, BRNPNI - "SRYU" I YPSHKNL KHGLEMELNI TSENLERPKHKH, RPERHI BMEME ONUNDHK MU RS-160, A SHKH X KHMSHE BYUPKHYUMRSH BYAE NMH YANGDUBUKHYAE OND DBKHTSUREKH I OEPELEMMNI YAREOEMECH DBSUINMRSPMNYARKH, PYUGPYUAYURSHBYUBKHEYA B Nya ySGMEZHNBYU. nYAMNBMSHL YNMYSPEMRNL l-20 YARYUK r-4lya PYUGPYUANRYH nya o.n. yaSUNTsN (N MEL ≈ BN BRNPNI VYUYARKH YARYUREKH). b UNDE YNMYSPYU BSHYAMHKNYAE, VRN SDNBKERBNPKHRE BYAEL RUYRKHYN-REUMHVEYAYHL RPEANBYUMKHL MEBNGLNFMN. dSLYUCH, VRN X YAETsNDM NMH MEDNYARKHFHLSH. bbya OEPEYALNRPEKH XU X MU MNBNL ShRYUOE ANPEAYU PYUGTSNPEKYUYAE LEFDS LYAHYEBIAYHL l-18 X RSONKEBYAYHL rs-160, Yu nya yaSUNTsN YABEPMSKN PYUANRSH ON YARPURETSKHVEYAYNI YUBHYUZHHH. хЯУНД ШРНЦН ИНМЪПЯУ ХГБЭЯРИМ РНВМН: рС-160 ONYARPNEM, HYAOSHRYUM KH OPKHMЪR MU BNNPSFEMKHE, Yu l-18 RYU KH NYARYUKYA MU ASLYUTSE... lNDHTHYUZHHH:

l-50	OEPBYU LNDHTHYUZHH.
l-52	B 1960 Ts. YAPYUGS FE ONYAKE l-50 MYUVYUKNYAE OPNEIRKHPNBYUMHE ETSN LNDHTHYUZHHH l-52, MU YNRNPNI ONDYPSHKEEBSHE LNRNTsNMDNKSH SYARYUMYUBKHBYUKKHYAE OND GMYUVHREKEMSHL STSKN L Y OKNYAYNYARKH YPSHKYU, YU BMEMKHE HLEKH MEYAINKEIN KHMSHE OKHKNMSH. mu l-52 SYARYUMNBHKH DNONKMHREKEMNE TsNPKHGNMRYUKEMNE NOPEPEMKHE MU BEPHME YHK, OPNBEKH BMSRPEMMHE DNPYUANRYKH. OPEDONKNTSYUKNYAE SYARYUMNBHRE YAKHYARELS DNGYUOPYUBYKH RNOKHBNL B BNGDSUE. l-52 KHLEK PUYERMNE BNNPSFEMKHE (OPNPYUAYURSHBYUKNYAE PUGLEYEMHE NDMNI sp ANKENNY DUKEMNYARKH B ONKSSRNOKEMMNL ONKNFEMKHH OND TCHGEKFEL HKKH VERSHPEU sp RHOYU u-22, PUYAONKNFEMMSHU ONO YUPMN ON ANPRYUL TCHGEKFU). YaYULNKER ASHK ONYARPNEM, MN ME KERYUK, YU YAPYUGS ONYAKE GUYPSHRH NYA-23 ONYEK MU YAKNL.
l-53	OPNAIR. bSHYANYNOKYUM, BSHONKMEMMSHY ON YAUELE “SRYU”, VERSHPE DBKHTSYUREK B DBSU ONDIPSHKEEBSHU TSNMDNKYUU, RPEUYARNEVMNE NYAMNBMNE LYUYAYAH (PEYUKHGNBYUM ME ASHK).
l-54	OPNAIR. nR l-50 NM NRKHVYUKYA YPSHKNL I MEANKENNI YARPEKNBKHDMNYARECH ON GYUDMEI YPNLYE. MU MEL RUYFE YUMYUKHGHPNBYUKKHYAE PYUGKHVMSHE BYUPHYUMRSH PYYAONKNFEMKH LNRNTsNMDNK. (PEYUKHGNBYUM ME ASHK).
l-56	DUKEMEYHL PUGBKHRHEL YYULNKERYU l-50 ЪBХКЯЪ ANLAYUPKHPPNBYHY l-56, REUMHVEYAYNE OPNEIRKHPNBYUMKHE YNRNPNTSN ASHKN MYUURN B 1959 Ts. yaYULNKER OPEDONKYUTSYUKNYAE BSHONKMHR E OH YAUELE "SRYU" I MEYASYHL bHPNYHL TCHGEKFEL, OH ANYUL YNRNPNTSN SYARYUMYUBKHBYUKKHYAE EYARE DBKHTSUREKEY B DBSU "OYUYERYUU", Y YNRNPSHL YPEOKHKHYAE MEANKEKHE ONBNNPNRMSHE YNMYANKH. otsn ASHKN BSHMEYEMN DUKAYN BOEPED. mu DNGBSYNBSHU YAYNPNYARU NMN ASHKN YABNANDMNNPHEMRKHPSELSHL KH ME BKHYKN MU UYUPYUREPHYARKHYKH SARNIVKHBNYARKH. oPH OEPEUNDE MU YABEPUGBSYNBSCH YAYNPNYARE TsNPKHGNMRYUKEMNE NOEPEMKHE THYYAHPNBYUKNYAE. REL YYULSHL NAEYAOEVKHBYUKNYAE OPNDNKEMYU SARNIVKHBNYARE LYUHMSH OPH HGLEMEMHKH PUYAOPEDEKEMKH YUSCHPNDKHMYULHVEYAYKHU YAHK MU YPSHKE. ShRN PEYEMKHE ONGBNKKHKN NRYYUGYUREYA NR YAKNFMNI YAKHYARELSH OPEYYUVYKH RNOXBYU. LYUYAKHLYUKEMYU PUYAVERMYYAYNPNYARE YANNRBERYARBNBUKYU l=3.25; MNPLYUKEMYU BGKERMYU LYuYAYU 185000 YC; LYUYAHLYUKEMYU DUKEMNYARE ONKERU 12000 YL.
l-55	MU AYUGE l-56 OPNPYUAYURSHBUKYA ETSN OYUYAYUFHPYAYKHI BYUPKHYUMR l-55, B ONDBYUPKHYUMRYU l-55yu, l-55a, l-55b, NRKHVYUBHUYA TSYUAYUPHRNL X VHYAKNL DBKHTSYUREKEY. oEPBSHI XG MHU ASHK PUYAYAVKHRYUM MU 40 OYYAYUFKHPNB, BRNPNI - MU 85, YU RPERKHI - MU 120. l-55yu HLEK DBYU DBKHTSUREK, l-55a - VERSHPE, Yu l-55b - LEYARE.
l-70	DK fucking BEKKHYAE PYUANRSH ON YANGDYUMHCH YABEPUGBSYNBNI (l=1.7) KERYUCHYEI KNDYH-ANLAYUPKHPPNBYHYU l-70 I MNPLYUKEMNI BGKERMNI LYUYAYANI 240000 YTS X YARPEKNBKHDMSHL YPSHKNL. dBYu dKЪ rpd OPEDONKYUTSYUKNYAE PYUGLEYARHRE MYUD YPSHKNL MU OHKNMYU H DBYU - OH ANYUL YHK. dKЪ BGKERYU OPHLEMKYUYAE SAKHPYUCHYYUYA TKHDPNKSHFYU.

cru:

lNDHTHYUZHH	l-50
pYUGLUU YPSHKYU, L	35.10
dKKHMYU YAYULNKERYU, L	57.48
bSHYANRYU YAYULNKERYU, L	8.25
OKNYYUDE YPSHKYU, L2	290.60
I love it, JC
OSYARNTSN YYULNKERYU	85000
MNPLYUKEMYU BGKERMYU	175000
LYUYAHLYUKEMYU BGKERMYU	200000
RHO DBKHTSUREK	2 rpdt bd-7l + 2 rpd bd-7a
rЪTSYU, Ym	2 U 156.90 + 2 U 92.12
LYUYAHLYUKEMYYAYNPNYARE	1950
yPEIYEPYAYU YAYNPNYARE	1500
oPUYRHVEYAYU DUKEMNYARE	7400
aNEBNI PYUDKHSYA DEYARBKH
oPUYIRKHVEYAYKHI ONRNNKNY	16500
ShYKHOYUF, VEK	2
bNNPSPHEMHE:	20000 (B OEPETSPSG 30000) YTS YABNANDMNOYUDYUCHU ANLA ANKENI LNYNYARKH B TCHGEKFMNL NRYAYE. mu OEPBNL NOSHRMNL YAYULNKERE NANPNMHREKEMNE BNNPSPHEMHE NRYASRYARBNBUKN. mu YAEPHIMSHU YYULNKERYU OPEDONKYUTSYUKNYAE OPHLEMEMHE YNPLNBNI OSEVMNI SYARYUMNBYKH I DKHYARYUMZHNMMSHL SOPIUBKEMHEL.

bottom. KhMTNPLYUZHKH:

VEPREF "LYAKHYEB l-50" tNRNTsPYUTKHH:	l-50 MU HYAOSHRYUMHU
l-50 BN BPEL ONYUGYUREKEMNTSN ONKERYU
l-50 BN BPEL ONYUGYUREKEMNTSN ONKERYU
l-50 MU HYAOSHRYUMHU
l-50 MU HYAOSHRYUMHU
l-50
l-50 BN BPEL ONYUGYUREKEMNTSN ONKERYU
l-50 B LSGEE lNMHMN

IWELSH:

l-50

bYUPHYUMRSH NYPYYAYH:

l-50

YaOHYANY HYARNVMKHYNB:

schdlsmd zhhun. YaBEPUGBSINBSHE YYULNKERSH YUBKHYUZHKH bPEL. oERP aSRNBAYKH. oPEDIYARBEMMHYH RS-160 pNLUM yuYARYUNB. PSYAYAYU YAHKYU. YARPURETSKHVEYAYKHI PUYERNMNYAEZH l-50 pNYARHYAKYUB bKhMNTsPYUDNB, YuKEYYYUMDP onNMNLUPEB. pYUGBHRKHE YYULNKERNB LHPYU yPSHKE pNDHMSH. "YARPURETSKH" LYAHYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY around Prototypes.com. Le Myasishchev M-50/52 Bounder

sTSNKNY MEAYU. 2013

You can't achieve supersonic

At least with the VD-7A, you can’t achieve it for sure. This factor was also compounded by a general delay in the assembly time of the head machine. It was possible to complete it only in May 1959. In the same month, tests of the M-50A began. Until mid-June, 5 taxiing operations were carried out with the parallel elimination of identified defects in the machine’s equipment.

Then - the approval by the management of the MAP of a test program for the bomber of 35 flights. Finally, on October 27, 1959, the first of them took place. Already in November, the M-50A reached the milestone of 1010 km/h and rose to 5000 m.

And then came 1960, a fatal year for the program. To begin with, on May 12, during an engine race, the plane lost power when the car involuntarily rolled. It was not possible to turn off one of the engines. The M-50A collided with another aircraft, which resulted in a number of serious damage to the aircraft, the death of the radio operator and injury to the engineering staff. Restoration work was carried out until November.

An addition to this event was the decision to stop work on the completion of the “understudy”. Although a number of improvements were previously planned specifically for it. The installation of a jet projectile on the second machine instead of free-falling bombs would have allowed the customer to be somewhat rehabilitated in the eyes of the customer. But the military and industry representatives decided back in 1958 to abandon the improvement of the M-50 in favor of developing the M-52.

Almost the final point in this story was the closure of Myasishchevsky OKB-23 in October 1960.

The bureau was transferred to the jurisdiction of Chelomey’s missile “diocese”. So the “almost supersonic” bomber made its final test flights in the same month practically “ownerless.” And there were 11 flights themselves instead of 35.

Long road to heaven

The conversion of the serial Il-76 into the first A-50 aircraft was completed only at the end of 1978. In August 1979, state tests of the aircraft began, during which the complex of radio-electronic equipment on board the aircraft was also refined and fine-tuned. Until 1983, the first three Il-76s were converted into A-50s at the OKB-49 pilot plant in Taganrog. Tests continued until 1985, after which the vehicles were transferred to combat units for trial operation. Even earlier, in December 1984, a decision was made to begin mass production of the aircraft at the Tashkent Aviation Plant.

The A-50 was officially put into service only in 1989. After the collapse of the USSR, in 1996, many designers who worked on the A-50 project were awarded State Prizes.

The first meeting of the A-50 with a “probable enemy” took place in December 1987: a Norwegian anti-submarine aircraft P-3B Orion discovered a “Soviet AWACS” over the Barents Sea.

In 1987, work began on the creation of a modernized radio-technical complex "Shmel-2", for which the Tu-126LL flying laboratory was converted. However, in 1992, work on this project stalled.

At the beginning of the 2000s, work began on the modernization of the A-50, and they were carried out both to update the aircraft and to improve the characteristics of the RTK. The result was the emergence of a new modification of the aircraft - the A-50U with much more advanced flight and tactical characteristics. The first A-50U was delivered to the Russian Air Force in 2011. The second one was put into operation at the end of 2012. In March 2017, the VKS received the fourth A-50U. By 2022, it is planned to modernize and transfer 20 such vehicles to the armed forces.

Since the start of operation, the A-50 has been constantly involved in various exercises. From time to time, these aircraft participate in remote control of certain adjacent territories. For example, A-50s monitored the situation in Iraq during the war in the early 90s. During the first and second Chechen campaigns, these aircraft controlled the airspace of the rebel republic, preventing flights from the territory of neighboring states. In 2015, the A-50 became part of the Russian Aerospace Forces group in Syria. Photos of this aircraft at the Khmeimim base can easily be found on the Internet.

The last parade is coming

True, in April 1961, Myasishchev managed to achieve the replacement of two existing propulsion systems with VD-7M, which supported afterburner mode. But this did not have a positive effect on the fate of both the M-50 itself and the prospects for creating the M-52. The car was destined to fly 7 more times, plus the famous participation in the July aviation show.

As it was customary to say then, the M-50A was demonstrated to “the general Soviet public and official representatives of foreign states” on July 9, 1961 during an air parade in Tushino. Accompanied by a pair of MiG-21s, the bomber made a spectacular passage... into history. Next is a parking lot as an exhibit of the Monino collection.

Links[edit]

"M-50 Bounder". www.testpilot.ru
. Retrieved February 14, 2022.
"M-50 Bounder". www.testpilot.ru
. Retrieved February 14, 2022.
^ a b Pierce, William. "Myasishchev M-50/M-52 Border". oldmachinepress.com
. Retrieved May 24 +2016. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
Photo of Myasishchev M-52, model
https://www.astronautix.com/m/m-51.html
↑ Soviet flight tests of an atomic bomber
, Aviation Week, December 1, 1958, p. 27.
↑
Norris, Guy (October 14, 2014).
"False start for aviation's atomic age". Aviation week
. Retrieved October 17, 2014. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
Gunston, Bill (1995). Encyclopedia of Russian Aviation Osprey 1875–1995
. London: Osprey. ISBN 1-85532-405-9.
↑
Bukharin, Oleg; Hippel, Frank Von (2004). Russia's Strategic Nuclear Forces. ISBN 9780262661812.

Were there any prospects?

On the one hand, it was never possible to build a car with the declared characteristics. Even supersonic, around which everything revolved, was never “taken.” But on the other hand, based on the experience gained, it was still possible to bring to fruition the M-52 project, the main trump cards of which were seen as a cruise missile and promising guidance systems.

We should not forget about the “nuclear-powered” component of the M-50 development.

After all, since 1955, OKB-23 was included in the development network of a strike system using a nuclear power plant. One of the variants of the “miracle weapon” was a machine based on the same M-50.

The experimental product “60” or M-60 was the same “Bounder”, only a reactor was installed in place of the cockpit, and the capsule with the pilot was planned to be moved to the tail section of the “sixty”.

An unmanned version of the aircraft was also considered. By the time the Myasishchevsky bureau was closed, the developments in this topic were small, but they were still returned to them in the mid-60s.

After all, even a single flightable prototype could be used as a promising flight laboratory. Many aspects of the behavior of such huge machines, both in subsonic and supersonic modes, were not studied at that time. What were the costs of the prospects for studying temperature effects on materials and structures beyond the threshold of Mach 1...

External links [edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Myasishchev M-50
.

https://web.archive.org/web/20051029071603/https://www.aviation.ru/Mya/#50
Another story, in English

vte Myasishchev Airplane
Civil	M-101 M-112 M-150 M-500
Military	DB-108 VB-109 M-4 (VM-T) M-18 M-40 M-44 M-48 M-50 / M-52 M-53 M-55 (М-55Х) M-56 M-60 M-103
Space	M-19 Gurkolet Buran (cabin design) Cosmopolis XXI (C-21) VKA-23

PS or overseas retreat No. 2

In aviation historical literature, there are often complaints about the “innocently ruined miracle plane,” so to speak. The Hustler, mentioned in digression No. 1, was built mass-produced.

However, it is known that opponents of this program claim that - in the end - it would cost the US budget less if all B-58s were built from pure gold.

The costs for mass production and development of the M-50 would most likely be comparable. Whether the Soviet economy at the turn of the 60s could also afford golden strategic aviation is an open question.