Type of light machine gun
| MG 13 | |
| Maschinengewehr 13 | |
| Type | Light machine gun |
| Place of origin | Weimar Republic |
| Service history | |
| In service | 1930–1945 (Germany) |
| Used | See Users |
| Wars | Spanish Civil War World War II Second Sino-Japanese War Chinese Civil War Portuguese Colonial War |
| Production history | |
| Designed by | 1928 |
| Produced | 1930–1934 |
| Characteristics | |
| Weight | 13.3 kg (29 lb) |
| Length | 1443 mm (56.8 in) |
| Barrel length | 718 mm (28.3 in) |
| Cartridge | 7.92×57mm Mauser |
| Action | Short recoil |
| Rate of fire | 600 rounds/min |
| starting speed | 890 m/s (2,900 ft/s) |
| Maximum firing range | 2000 m (2200 yd) |
| Feeding system | 25-round box magazine or 75-round saddle drum, 5-round puller |
MG 13
(shortened from the German
Maschinengewehr 13
) is a German machine gun developed by converting a Dreyse Model 1918 water-cooled heavy machine gun into an air-cooled version. [1]
History[edit]
Dreyse machine gun model 1918: In 1907, Louis Schmeisser of Erfurt patented a machine gun, named after the inventor of the needle gun by the managers of the factory in which it was manufactured, founded by Dreyse. The Dreyse machine gun was a heavy machine gun, usually tripod-mounted, belt-fed and water-cooled.
The 1907 model was succeeded by the 1912 and later 1918 models. The Model 1918 modernization was ordered by Simson in Suhl. It became MG13. [1]
Usage[edit]
MG 13 in anti-aircraft installation.
The MG 13 entered service in 1930, where it served as the standard light machine gun until 1935. [1] It was replaced by the MG 34 and later by the MG 42.
MG 13s were sold to Spain, where they retained the MG13 designation, and to Portugal, which used them in the late 1940s as the Metralhadora 7.92 mm m/1938 Dreyse.
[1] Those MG 13s that were not sold were placed in storage and were later used in World War II by German second line units. Because it was easy to handle and reload, many second-line soldiers could use the MG 13 effectively.
Later examples also used a 75-round saddle drum. It was equipped with a folding stock and a carrying handle. [2] It was used in the turret of the Panzer I tank [3] .
The Chinese Nationalist government also imported the MG 13 from A. Panzer I Ausf tanks from Germany in 1936. The MG 13 was also used against the Imperial Japanese Army during the Second Sino-Japanese War. [ citation needed
] Portugal used it as a combat automatic weapon during the Portuguese Colonial War under the name
m/938
. [4]
Light machine gun MG.13 "Dreise"
At the end of the First World War, the German command, led by General von Seeckt, attempted to turn the 100,000-strong Reichswehr authorized by the Treaty of Versailles into a base for the deployment of a modern army. At the same time, much attention was paid to increasing their mobility and saturating them with automatic weapons. The existing models of machine guns - mostly light - did not meet the new requirements.
The light machine gun, developed by Louis Stange at the branch (Rheinische Metallwaren und Maschinenfabrik) in Sommerda (formerly the Dreyse factory), attracted much attention from the public. Louis, based on a prototype of the “light” Dreyse machine gun of the 1918 model and the Flieger MG13 aviation machine gun, developed a “light infantry” machine gun with a disc magazine with a capacity of 50 rounds, as well as a “light cavalry” machine gun with a box magazine with a capacity of 25 rounds. But the operation of the power system was unreliable, so at the end of the 20s they created the following modification, codenamed “device 13” or NQ 13. The index “14” was assigned to the experimental easel version of the machine gun, “15” to the aviation one.
In 1931, the “13b” modification, which had a box magazine, was adopted under the designation MG.13 “Dreise” (as before, Rheinmetall used this trademark) for service with the Reichswehr as an automatic weapon for infantry companies. The manufacturer was officially announced in Suhl, since the Versailles restrictions only allowed it to produce infantry automatic weapons. Five years later, the MG.13 machine gun pushed aside the single MG.34, but at the same time it was widely used in other countries. In particular, the MG.13 machine gun and the “Dreyse” 08/15, converted according to its model in 1933-1934, were sold to Portugal (designated M938 and were in service until the end of the 40s), Spain, China (supplied with German-made tanks ). These machine guns were produced by those already requisitioned by the Nazi state.
The machine gun's automatic system implemented a barrel recoil scheme with a short stroke. The bore was locked with a bolt supported by a lever mounted on an axis in the receiver. The rear end of the lever, when the barrel moved backward, encountered the protrusion of the butt plate, rose and unlocked the bolt. The force of the return spring was adjusted using a screw mechanism. The trigger box, which has a pistol grip, was hinged to the box. A hammer-type impact mechanism was used. The trigger had a pair of combat cocks - for automatic and non-automatic release. A translator was installed on the trigger, which limited the movement of the hook backwards: the upper position is single fire, the lower position is automatic. The non-automatic safety box was located above the pistol grip on the left. “Fire” is the forward position of the flag, “fuse” is the rear position. When the safety was engaged, the trigger rod was blocked. When the cartridges were used up, the magazine feeder switched on the shutter stop.
The barrel casing had perforations. The barrel had a folding bipod, which was attached in the middle of the barrel casing or near the muzzle, and a removable conical flash suppressor. Attached to the trigger box was a tubular butt that folded to the right and had a folding shoulder rest with leather pads (a machine gun version with a permanent wooden butt was offered). On the right was the charging handle. A carrying handle was installed at the rear of the casing.
Food was supplied from a box magazine with a capacity of 25 rounds attached to the left side or from a soon-adopted double-drum Patronentrommel 13 magazine with a capacity of 75 rounds. This store is also called “saddle-shaped”. It was mainly used for anti-aircraft fire. There were two options for devices for loading a magazine from a rifle clip. For transportation, standard box magazines were placed in a special closure of eight pieces. The sector sight had a notch from 100 to 2000 meters in increments of 100.
Three main modifications of the machine gun were produced: the standard infantry “13” with a light barrel 718 millimeters long, “13k” with a light barrel shortened to 600 millimeters, “13kd” with a heavy barrel shortened to 600 millimeters (for firing in long bursts). "13k" were used as tank machine guns (on the light tank Pz.Kpw I and Pz.Kpw II), and aviation (to a limited extent). "13kd", equipped with a two-drum magazine, was used as an anti-aircraft weapon to destroy targets at altitudes of up to 1 thousand meters. For this purpose, a ball front sight mounted on a folding frame and a ring anti-aircraft sight were used. The MG.13 machine gun was mounted through an adapter on a steel anti-aircraft tripod, which was developed for the MG.08/15 machine gun, or on a “34” tripod adopted later. During the Spanish Civil War, the MG.13k machine gun was installed on the Colt machine gun via an improvised adapter.
MG light machine gun. 13 on bipod with folded stock, double-drum magazine and box magazine capper
Rheinmetall's main competitor in the development of light machine guns with air-cooled barrels and magazine feed was. It is also necessary to note the work of Heinrich Vollmer in Biberach on a light machine gun - his VMG.27 machine gun, the automatic operation of which was based on the recoil of the barrel and magazine feed, had 78 parts. However, Vollmer did not have the same opportunity to “push through” his own developments as did Rheinmetall, and work was stopped in 1930. All attention was focused on developing a single machine gun.
A significant shortage of machine guns forced the Wehrmacht in the middle of the war to use the old MG.13, introduced into units along with MG.34 and MG.42 machine guns. However, during the Second World War, the MG.13 and modifications of this machine gun were mainly used in training, rear, foreign formations and occupation units.
The procedure for unloading the Dreyse MG.13 machine gun:
Turn on the fuse by moving the flag to the letter S (turning backwards). Press the latch behind the magazine to release it. Pull the bolt back by the charging handle and release the bolt handle. Turn the flag to the letter F (forward), turn off the safety, and press the trigger.
The procedure for partial disassembly of the MG.13 “Dreyse” machine gun:
1. Unload the machine gun. 2. Open the box lid by pushing the lid latch forward. 3. Fold the butt pad down by pressing its latch (behind the box on the left side), turn the limiter flag down (above the pistol grip on the left). 4. Remove the bolt from the receiver. 5. Raise the accelerator by turning it to the left. 6. Remove the barrel and receiver from the box. 7. Separate the barrel from the receiver.
For assembly, the steps are performed in reverse order.
Technical characteristics of the MG.13 light machine gun:
Cartridge – 7.92 mm Mauser (7.92×57); Weapon weight - 10.89 kg (without ammunition); The weight of an empty magazine with a capacity of 25 rounds is 0.39 kg; Bipod weight – 1.05 kg; The total length of the weapon is 1466 mm; Barrel length – 717 mm; Rifling – 4 right-hand; Initial bullet speed – 823 m/s; Sighting range – 2000 m; Effective firing range – 1000 m; Rate of fire – 500-550 rounds per minute; Food – box magazine with a capacity of 25 rounds/double-drum with a capacity of 75 rounds; Machine weight – 32.3 kg.
Links[edit]
- ^ abcd Smith, Joseph E. (1973). Small Arms of the World
(10th ed.). Harrisburg, PA, USA: Stackpole Company. paragraph 137. - "MG 13 'Dreyse' machine gun (Germany)." world.guns.ru. Date accessed: December 4, 2013
- "Panzerkampfwagen I." achtungpanzer.com. Date accessed: December 4, 2013
- Abbott, Peter; Rodriguez, Manuel (1998). Modern African Wars 2: Angola and Mozambique 1961-74
. Osprey Publishing. paragraph 18. - MG34 and MG42 in Norway, after World War II, Folke Myrvang
b RNL FE, 1933 TsNDS MU THPLE ASHK PUGPYUANRYUM MNBSHI OYURPNM 13U64b, OND YNRNPSHI KH ASHKH MYUVYURSH PUGPYUANRYKH MNBNTsN NPSFKH. th YAKNBS, DYUMMSHI OYURPNM YARYUK, ONFYUKSI, YYULSHL YAKYUASHL B YABNEL YKYUYAYAYE HG BYAU YEPHIMSHU YPSOMNYUKHAEPMSHU OYURPNMNB B LHP, VRN ASHKN NASYAKNBKEMN LYUKNI BSHYANRNI Ts KHKEGSH, I YANNRBERYARBEMMN, LYUKNI LYUYAYANI ONPNUNBNTSN GYUPDYU, KH NRMNYAHREKEMN MEANKENNI LYUYAYANI YYULNTSN YAMYUPDYU.
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oEPBSHI BYUPHYUMMR MG.131/14/10, YUKHAPU 14 LL WITH OURPNMMHYU X 10 LL WITH YAPEGY YARBNKYU, OPNUNDHK HYAOSHRYUMKH B MNYAPE 1940 TSNDYU. b OPNZHEYAYAE ASHKYU DNARKHTSMSRYU MYUVYUKEMYU YAYNPNYARE 1380 L/YA. ndMUYN SFE MU DHYARYUMZHKHU B 400 L YAYNPNYARE ONKERYU OSKH SLEMEYUKYUYAE DN 520 L / YAYE. . mu ANKEHU BSHIANRYUU, OPH ANKEYEL PUGPEFEMHH BNGDSUYU H, YANNRBERYARBEMMN, LEMEYEL YANOPNRHBKEMHH, OYUDEMKHE YAYNPNYARKH ASHKN GMYUVHREKEMN LEMEYE. RYUY, MU 6000 L MYUVYUKEMYU YAYNPNYARE OSKKH YANYARYUBKKYU 1415 L/YAYE., YNRNPYU MU DHYARYUMZHKH B 400 LERPNB SLEMEYUKYUYAE DN 830 L/YA.
bRNPNNI BYUPHYUMMR MG.131/14/9, OEPELEMMNTSN YUKHAPIU, YANNRBERYARBEMMN I 14 DN 9 LL, OPNUNDHK HYAOSHRYUMKH B ЪMBYUPE 1941 TSNDYU. bOPNVEL, YARNKE ShYYARPUBUTSYUMRMSHE YAKHYARELSH, ME YALNRP MU PEBNKCHZHNMMSCH YNMYARPSYZHCH, PUGBKHRKH ME ONKSVHKH X ASHKH KHMREPEYAMSH KHYE I RNVYKH GPEMHЪ REUMKHVEYAYNTSN PEEMH.
oYUPYUKKEKEMN I PYUGPYUANRYULH PEBNKCHZHNMMSHU OPNEIRNB ONBSHYEMKH YUYUPYUREPHYARKHY OSKELERYU MG.131 MU PEIMLERYUKK I 1939 TsNDYU OPNPYUAYURSHBUKYA OPNEIR MNBNTSN YPSOMNYU KHAEPMNTSN YUBHYUZHNMMNTSN OSKELERYU, ONKSVKHBETSN NANGMYUVEMHE MG.132, ONGDMEE, I BBEDEMHEL B Tseplyumkhkh MNBNI YAKHYARELSH NANGMYUVEMKHI, OEPEHLEMNBYUMMSHI B MG.110. OPNEIR OSKELERYU OPEDONKYUTSYUK TSYUGNNRBNDMSCH YUBRNLYURHYS KH PYUGPYUAYURSHBUKYA OND MNBSHY, ANKEE LNYMSHI OYURPNM 13U92.5b, 38-TSPYULLNBSHY YAMYUPЪD YNRNPNTSN ONYKHDUK ASH YA RBNK I PUYAVERMNI YAYNPNYARECH 1000-1100 L/Y OPH REUMHVEYAYNI YAYNPNYARPEKEMNYARKH 1200 BSHIARPEKNB B LHMSRS. oPUBDU, PUGPYUANRYU MG.132 / MG.110 HLEKYU DNYARYURNVMN MHGYKHI OPKHNPHRER KH BEKYUYAE ON NYARYURNVMNLS OPHMZHHOS KH, RYU KH ME BSHIDD GY OPNEIRMSCH YARYUDHCH, ASHKYU YABEPMSRYU Y 1943 TsNDS.
b KHRNTSE, OSKELER MG.131 NYARYUKYA AYUGNBSHL YAPEDMEYUKHAEPMSHL YUBKHYUZHNMMSHL NPSFHEL DN YAYULNTSN YNMZHYU BNIMSH. nM SYARYUMYUBKHBUKYA B YUVEYARBE YAHMUPNMMNTSN BNNPSFEMKH MYUD YUONRNL HYARPEAHREKEY LEAYAYEPLHR Bf-109 X tNYYE-bsKET FW-190 MYUVKHMYU I 1942 TsNDYu. RUYFE LYUYAYANBN OPHLEMKYA B PUGKKHVMSHU NANPNMHREKEMSHU RSPEKU ANLAYUPDHPNBYKHYNB X RPYUMYAONPRMKHYNB NR ONKSNRYPSHRSHU PSVMSHU MU UEIMYEKE He-111 X "KHMGNBSHU" MU CHMY EPYAE Ju-88, DN PYUGKKHVMSHU LEUUMKHGHPNBYUMMSHU AYUEMMSHU SYARYUMNBNY, MUOPHLEP NDKHMYUPMYU SHCHKEIRPNTHZHHPNBYUMMYU GUYAREIKEMMYU RSPEKE DL 131-1 (Drehringlafette - ONBNPN RMYU SYARYUMNBYU), YNRNPSCH LYUYANBN SYARYUMYUBKHBYUKH MU ANLAYUPKHPNBYKHYUU Ju-188; Do-217; RPYUMYAONPRMSHU YAYULNKERYU Ju-52; Ju-352; Me-323 X LMNTsKHU DPSTSKHU.
aSHKKH RUYFE PYUGPYUANRYUMSH MEYAINKEIN OPNEIRNB DHYARYUMZHNMMN-SOPIUBKELSHU SYARYUMNBNY OND OSKELERSH MG.131.
MUKHANKEE KHGBEYARMNI X SGMYUBYUELNI ASHKYU NDHMYUPMYU SHCHKEIRPNTHZHHPNBUMMYU DHYARYUMZHNMMN-SOPIUBKELYU SYARYUMNBYU FDSL 131/1B (Ferngerichtete Drehringseitenlafette - DNYAKN BMN, DHYARYUMZHHNMMN-SOPIUBKYELYU ONBNNPNRMYU ANPRRNBUYU SYARYUMNBYU), YNRNPSC SYARYUMYUBKKHBUKH ON ANPRYUL HYARPEAHREKEY LE-210 X LE-410.
ndHMYUPMSHE FDL 131 X YAOYUPEMMSHE FDL 131 Z (Fernbedienbare Drehlafette - DHYURYUMZHHNMMN-SOPIUBKELYU ONBNPNRMYU SYARYUMNBYU) SYARYUMYUBKHBYUKHYAE MU ANLAYUPDHPNBYHYUU UEIMYEKE mE-177.
aSHKH RUYFE PYUGPYUANRYUMSH TsKhDPYUBKHVEYAYHE RSPEKH HDL 131 (Hydraulische Drehlafette - TsKHDPUBKHVEYAYU ONBNPNRMYU SARYUMNBYU). MU NDMNL HG ONGDMKHU SHYAOEPHLEMRYUKEMSHU BYUPHYUMMRNB ANLAYUPDHPNBYKHYU UEIMYEKE m-177yu-6/R2 (V22) B UBNYARE ASHKYU YALNRPHPNBYUMYU VERSHPEUYARBNKEMYU DKHRYUMZHKHN MMN-SOPIUBKYELYU TSHDPYUBKHVEYAYYU AYUM HDL 131 V.
dHYARYUMZHHNMMN-SOPIUBKJELYU TSKHDPUBKHVEYAYU YAOYUPEMMYU SYARYUMNBYU FHL 131Z I BEPRKHYUKEMSHL PUYAONKNFEMHEL DBSU YARBNKNB MG.131 SYARYUMYUBKHBYUKYUYAE MU ANLAYUPDHP NBYKHYUU Ju 288 X Ju-388 X YNLOKEIRNBYUKYUYAE LEUUMHGLNL SDUKEMMNTSN SOPYUBKEMKH FA 15 (Fernantrieb - DNYAKNBMN "SDYUKEMMNE SOPYUBKEMKHE").
b ZHEKNL, OSKELER MG.131, MEYALNRP MU SLEPEMMSCH LNYMNYARE, NYUGYUKYA DNYARYURNVMN SHTTEYRKHBMSHL X ONOSKPMSHL NPSFHEL. oPNHGBNDYARBN ETSN MU PUGKKHVMSHU GYUBNDYU OPNDNKFYUKNYAE DN YNMZHYU 1944 TSNDYU. NAYKHI NAZEL BSHOSYAYU OSKELERYANYARYUBKK ANKEE 60 RSHYA URSY. th 1945 TsNDS MU YAYKYUDYU NYARYUBYUKNYAE EYE 8132 OSKEL╦RNB X 25 LKM. OYURPNMNB Y MHL. b YNMZHE BNIMSH MEBNYARPEANBUMMSHE B YUBHYUZHHH OSKELERSH HGSHLYUKHYAE YAN YAYKYUDNB X OEPEDYUBYUKHYAE B MYUGELMSHE VYUYARH. OPH SCHRNL YAKHYARELS SCHKEIRPNBNNYAOKULEMEMKH OSKELERYU, LEMKKH MY YARYUMDUPRMSHI SDYUPMN-YAOSYAYNBNI LEUUMHGL, OSKELER YNLOKEIRNBYUKH YANJYULH H OKEVEBSHL SONPNL.
b MNLEMYKYURSPS ANEOKHOYYANB YUBKHYUZHNMMSHU OSKELERNB MG. 131 BUNDHKH 13-LL OSKELERMSHE OYURPNMSH I PYUGMNNAPYUGMSHLH RHOYULH OSKE:
- NYAYNKNVMN-GUFKHTSYUREKEMN-RPYUYAYAHPSCHYKHI (DMEBMNI) LYUYAYANI 34 TsPYULLYU √ NYPYUYAYU YNPOSYAYU FEKRNTSN ZBERYU I YPYUYAMNI ONKNYAYNI WITH ONYAYU. bGPSHBUREKE KHMEPZHNMMN-SDYUPMNTSN DEYARBKH (AZ 1531 ХКХ AZ 1532). pYUGPSHBMNI GYUPЪD √ 0.9 CP., TKETSLYURKHGHPNBYUMMSHI rshm. gYUFHTSYUREKEMSHI YANYARYUB √ REPLHRMNTSN RHOYU BEYANL 0.3CP.
- NYAYNKNVMN-GYUFHTSYUREKEMN-RPYUYAYAHPSCHYKHI (MNVMNI) LYUYAYANI 34 TsPYULLYU √ NYPYUYAYU YNPOSYAYU FEKRNTSN ZBERYU I RELMN-YPYUYAMNI ONKNYAYNI WITH ONYAYU. pYUGKHVYUERYA NR OEPBNTSN YANYARYUBNL RPYYAYAYEPYU. bGPSHBUREKE KHMEPZHNMMN-SDYUPMNTSN DEYARBKH (AZ 1531 ХКХ AZ 1532). pYUGPSHBMNI GYUPЪD √ 0.9 CP., TKETSLYURKHGHPNBYUMMSHI rshm. gYUFHTSYUREKEMSHI YANYARYUB √ REPLHRMNTSN RHOYU BEYANL 0.3CP.
- aPNMEANIMN-RPYYAYAHPSCHYKHI (DMEBMNI) LYUYAYANI 38.5 CPYULL √ YNPOSYA YARYUKEMNI, REPLNSOPNVMEMMSHI I NYARPSHL YNMVKHYNL, NYPYUYAYU YNPOSYAYU VEPMNTsN ZBERYU I AEKNI, FEKRNI HKKH YABERKN-YPYYYAMNI ONKNYAYNI WITH ONYAYU. bGPSHBUREKE X PYUGPSHBMNI GYUPD NRYASRYARBSCHR. b DNMMNI VYUYARKH PYYAONKNFEM RPYYAYAYEP.
- aPNMEANIMN-RPYYAYAHPSCHIKHI (MNVMNI) LYUYAYANI 38.5 CPYULL √ YNPOSYA YARYUKEMNI, REPLNSOPNVMEMMSHI I NYARPSHL YNMVKHYNL, NYPYYYU YNPOSYAYU VEPMNTsN ZBERYU I RELMN-YPYYUMNI ONKNYAYNI WITH ONYAYU. pYUGKHVYUERYA NR OEPBNTSN YANYARYUBNL RPYYAYAYEPYU. bGPSHBUREKE X PYUGPSHBMNI GYUPD NRYASRYARBSCHR. b DNMMNI VYUYARKH PYYAONKNFEM RPYYAYAYEP.
- aPNMEANIMN-GUFKHTSYUREKEMSHI LYUYAYANI 38.5 CPYULL √ YNPOSYA YARYUKEMNI, REPLNSOPNVMEMMSHI I NYARPSHL YNMVKHYNL, NYPYUYAYU YNPOSYAYU VEPMNTsN ZBERYU I AEKNI ONKNYAYNI S YNMVKHY YU KH AEKSHLH ASYBYULH "Ph". bGPSHBUREKE X PYUGPSHBMNI GYUPD NRYASRYARBSCHR. b DNMMNI VYUYARKH PYYAONKNFEM TNYATNPMSHI GYUFKHTSYUREKEMSHI YANYARYUB.
- gYUFHTSYUREKEMN-RPYYAYAHPSCHYKHI √ YNPOSYA YARYUKEMNI, YNMVKHY I OKNYAYNI BEPKHMNI, NYPYUYAYU YNPOSYAYU TSNKSANTSN ZBERYU I YNPKHVMEBNI ONKNYAYNI WITH ONYAYU. pYUGKHVYUERYA NR OEPBNTSN YANYARYUBNL RPYYAYAYEPYU. bGPSHBUREKE SDYUPMNTSN DEYARBKH (AZ 1465) X GUFKHTSYUREKEMSHI YANYARYUB PUYAONKNFEMSH B YNPOSYAE YAMYUPYUDYU. b DNMMNI VYUYARKH PYYAONKNFEM RPYYAYAYEP.
UYUPYUREPMNI NYNAEMMNYARECH ANEOKHOYUYANB OSKELERYU ASHKN MYUKHVKHE BEDSYETSN ONYAYU MU YAMYUPYUDUU, VRN YANBPELEMMNI YKYUYAYAHTHYUZHHH OPHVHYAKKKN ASH SHRN NPSFHE ME Y OSKELER YUL, Y Y LYUKNYUKHAEPMNI YUPRHKKEPHH.
