Engine 53 model ZMZ: characteristics, malfunctions and tuning

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31.03.2020

Among domestic cargo vehicles, the GAZ-3307 car stands out especially strongly. A special feature of the machine is the presence of a powerful engine in its design, recognized as one of the most reliable and durable. It is worth taking a closer look at what the power unit is and what features it has.

Technical characteristics and applicability

The GAZ 3307 engine has high technical characteristics. The vehicle was equipped with such well-known engines as YaMZ-534, MMZ D-245.7E4 and the ZMZ 523 carburetor engine. The only drawback of the gasoline version remains the presence of a carburetor injection system instead of an injection system.

If we compare gasoline and diesel power units, the latter are considered more reliable and powerful, which has been proven by the choice of most motorists. Let's consider the main technical characteristics of the engines that were installed on the GAZ 3307:

Technical characteristics of the 523rd:

Description of YaMZ 534:

Motor MMZ D-245.7E4

As can be seen from the technical characteristics, the vehicle was equipped with excellent diesel engines and a not entirely reliable carburetor power unit. It is because of this that diesel has become the preference of most motorists over its gasoline counterpart.

Tuning

In order to improve the performance of the ZMZ 53 engine, you can pay attention to the following options for self-modernization of the motor:

1. Fitting the engine to operate modern cylinder heads, which will significantly improve the power characteristics of the engine.
2. Changing the fuel injection system. For more stable and economical operation of the engine, a gasoline injection system is installed.
3. Improving engine performance by installing a turbine. Such an upgrade requires the installation of the entire turbine control system.

Thanks to the above tuning, a fairly old engine can achieve high power levels at the expense of small investments.

Maintenance and faults

Maintenance of diesel power units that are installed on the GAZ 3307 is carried out every 15,000 km. So, during the process, the engine oil, coarse and fine lubrication filters, as well as fuel filter elements are changed.

Many car enthusiasts often ask the question - how much oil is in the YaMZ 534 and MMZ D245 engines? According to the technical documentation, maintenance will require from 5.5 liters to 6 liters.

As for the gasoline brother, maintenance is recommended every 12,000-15,000 km.

If the vehicle is equipped with a gas cylinder installation, which is quite common, then it is necessary to reduce the service interval to 12,000 km.

Like any other power units, GAZ 3307 engines have problems. Thus, most often high-pressure fuel pumps fail on diesel engines, since it is difficult to find good fuel in the CIS. Moreover, as practice shows, no one tries to pour high-quality fuel into cargo lawns. Also, bad fuel leads to dirty injectors, which require additional care and maintenance.

The same fate awaits its gasoline counterpart ZMZ 523. The most common breakdown is the failure of the carburetor, which begins to flood the cylinders. This is due to the fact that the needle inside the injection device gets stuck, which leads to a number of problems.

In addition, thermostat failure becomes an eternal disease, as a result of which the engine often begins to overheat, and this inevitably brings its overhaul closer.

Engine repair

The power units used in the design of this model are highly reliable and relatively rarely require repairs. If any malfunctions are identified, eliminating them is not difficult, which is due to the availability of many spare parts for the GAZ 3307 for sale.

Major renovation

If necessary, the engines used in the design can be overhauled, which will allow them to be restored to their original operating condition in the presence of numerous malfunctions. To do this, it is advisable to adhere to the following algorithm:

1. Wash and disassemble the power unit, identifying worn parts and components.
2. Repair the cylinder block.
3. Grind the crankshaft and clean the oil system. If the degree of wear is high, it is advisable to replace the part.
4. Replace other elements with a high degree of wear.
5. Assemble the unit with new components.
6. Adjust the valves and run the engine using a special stand.
7. Install the motor on the car.

After the unit has been successfully installed on the machine, you will need to check the integrity of the cooling system by pouring water into it. If there are no leaks, it is advisable to drain it and replace it with antifreeze/antifreeze. In addition, it is necessary to fill the engine oil.

Device on a specific car

In this extensive article we are interested in the GAZ 3307 and its ignition system. As a rule, the owners of this car use the original factory ignition without resorting to replacing it with some third-party one. The reason for this is simple - it is quite perfect and fully meets all needs. The ignition system here is a complex battery mechanism, which is based on a non-contact arrangement together with a transistor, which is powered by standard 12 V. This mechanism on the GAZ 3307 car consists of:

• AKB (rechargeable battery).
• Ignition coil.
• Additional resistor.
• Switch.
• Distributor.
• Candles.
• Ignition switch.
• Armored wires.

Now let's look at the purpose of each element.

Ignition system elements

We will discuss this in order, so the first will be the battery. Well, its purpose is already clear from the name itself. It is needed in order to accumulate electrical energy and distribute it to consumers. Electricity in the GAZ 3307 is consumed not only by the ignition system, but also by a lot of other things. Although, it is worth knowing that the battery is designed specifically for starting the engine, everything else comes in addition. Fundamentally, the battery participates in ignition as a source of energy to create a spark.

But we need a high-voltage discharge, and not just a spark, right? The piezoelectric element in the lighter simply creates a spark; this does not suit us.

The ignition coil acts as a voltage booster; it is the next experimental element.

The ignition coil is the same transformer that everyone has seen, only in miniature. Its purpose is to convert electric current from 12V to, on a contactless ignition system, about 40,000V. It does this by changing the electromotive force with the help of a magnetic field created by two copper windings with different numbers of turns and different thicknesses of the copper winding.

We will analyze the following electrical elements in the GAZ 3307 together, since we need to talk about them a little. A resistor is needed here in order to change the resistance depending on the degree of heating. The commutator controls the current in the primary winding of the ignition coil in accordance with the signals of the synchronizing sensor.

The spark plugs and armored wires are practically one unit. These wires differ from any others in the car in that they are designed to transmit high voltage from the GAZ 3307 ignition distributor to the spark plugs, which produce a spark in the engine cylinder.

Maintenance

The ignition system needs maintenance, just like any other mechanism and component of the car. Since we are considering the GAZ 3307 truck, it would be appropriate to remember that such vehicles that work for an ATP (motor transport enterprise) include such concepts as TO-1 and TO-2. These are maintenance services that are carried out regularly after a certain mileage of the car. During the first maintenance, which takes place after 8,000 km on this car, we will need to tighten the nuts securing the low-voltage connector on the distributor and check the reliability of the fastening of the connecting wires.

But during the second maintenance you will have to do a little more work. It is carried out after 16,000 km. We will need to check the ignition distributor, in particular, look at the slider, check the distributor cover for cracks, wipe everything from dirt and dust with cotton paper. You will also need to lubricate the slider bushing with their pipettes; you need to add up to 5 drops of oil. In general, every 50 thousand km you need to check the stator and fill its ball bearing with Litol lubricant.

To prevent burnout of the distributor cap, you must always check the reliability of the armored wires; they must always be inserted all the way. It is also advisable to keep an eye on the ignition distributor switch so as not to start the engine if the cover is wet. It is important to keep all plastic parts under the hood of the GAZ 3307 clean, and this applies not only to the ignition system.

Description

Also, the ZMZ 53 model is distinguished by a reduction in cylinder volume and piston stroke. This indicates a structural difference between engine 53 and ZMZ 41. Therefore, the opinion that parts from the predecessor of the above-mentioned engine are interchangeable is erroneous.

If we talk about the difference in cylinder blocks, then it lies in the different diameters of the seat for the liners, which prevents their direct replacement. But at the same time, no one bothers you to change one motor for a second, in which case there will be no problems with the compatibility of the motor and the car.

One of the best advantages of this engine is considered to be its safety margin and ease of operation, maintenance and repair. Mainly the good condition of the engine depends on the use of the correct grade of fuel. If you use the recommended type of gasoline, repair costs will be significantly reduced.

Also, with timely replacement of the lubricating fluid, the machine owner does not have to worry about the frequent formation of carbon deposits on the cylinder walls and pistons, which over time lead to more serious malfunctions. Also, during maintenance, it is necessary to check for the formation of carbon deposits, and if it is detected, the engine elements should be thoroughly cleaned. This will help increase the service life of the engine.

Another nuance, the observance of which will help to cope with malfunctions, is the timely tightening of the cylinder head. This advice is especially relevant for new cars, since during the first three inspections the need to tighten the cylinder head is quite high, but over time this procedure can be carried out once every 2 inspections.

Modifications

For more than 30 years of production of the 53rd model engine, the Zavolzhsky Plant has designed and created many different modifications for both GAZ cars and PAZ buses. Basically, they improved some of the parameters of the car, and also increased the list of equipment on which this engine could be installed.

Some more modern modifications of the above-mentioned motor are produced by the Zavolzhsky Motor Plant today. They are mainly used on GAZ-type vehicles and buses of the Pavlovsk Bus Plant.

The main differences between the engine modifications of the 53 model of the ZMZ series include the general V-shaped engine design, consisting of 8 cylinders and a piston stroke.

The main differences between the modified motors of this manufacturer:

1. ZMZ 66 06 is one of the very first and most popular engines installed on the GAZ 53. The main differences are the piston stroke diameter of 92x80 mm. Maximum engine capacity is 4.25 liters, developed power is 120 liters. With. The compression ratio in this engine reaches 7.6;
2. The next logical development of the engine of this series is the ZMZ 511. The piston stroke in diameter is no different from the previous modification. The fuel volume in the engine has also not changed and is equal to 4.25 liters. Power indicators have improved slightly - 125 hp. With. The compression ratio remained unchanged;
3. ZMZ 523 – another modification, piston diameter 92x88 mm. Engine volume has increased - 4.68 liters. Engine power increased to 130 hp. With. The compression ratio has not changed.

Service

To increase the service life of ZMZ 53, it is necessary to monitor compliance with the temperature regime. To do this, you need to check the piston rings as often as possible and replace them if they are worn out.

Basically, this need arises when sounds uncharacteristic of the engine occur, which are a signal of urgent maintenance.

In addition, replacing the piston ring can significantly save costs on oil changes.

Regular maintenance and replacement of unusable parts can reduce lubricant consumption by 400 grams over a vehicle mileage of 100 km.

You also need to monitor the pressure of the crankshaft bearings. In this engine, the main reason for the decrease in oil pressure is the breakdown of this particular part.

Also, the ZMZ 53 motor often needs to replace the liners. It is worth remembering when servicing them that when dismantling this part you need to clean the cavity of the crankshaft connecting rod journals. Thanks to this, the new installed liner will last much longer.

In order to give an accurate assessment of the technical condition of your car, you need to pay attention to the following indicators:

1. Oil consumption is considered one of the most important indicators of proper operation of a car engine. In order to determine the amount of lubricant used, you need to measure its consumption per 100 and 1000 km.
2. Checking the machine's idle operation. This measure will help to significantly reduce the likelihood of breakdown while driving. The oil pressure is mainly checked when the crankshaft is idling.
3. Another parameter important for engine operation is compression in the internal combustion engine cylinders. The pressure in these tanks must be within normal limits, which can be determined by conducting a technical inspection of the car.

The most common malfunction

On GAZ 3307, the ignition coil most often malfunctions in the ignition system. As a preventive measure, you need to look at the reel cover more often, because it is plastic. It is necessary to clean it from dust and dirt, oil deposits, and check whether all the wires that are connected to it are securely attached.

Among the reasons for the malfunction of this ignition element are:

• Breakdown of insulating materials (both external and between the primary and secondary windings).
• Short circuit between certain turns.
• Violation of the integrity of the lid.
• Burnout due to unreliable fastening of the high-voltage wire.

In windings, violations most often occur due to the fact that the coil overheats. Before throwing away the coil of the GAZ 3307 car and putting a new one in its place, you need to check how securely all the wires are fastened there. Next, you need to check it using a stand. If it is in good order, then there should be high-quality sparking at the spark gap with a spark gap of 7 mm with a shaft rotation speed of 20 to 2300 rpm. If the coil does not fit into these requirements, you will have to throw it away and install a new one. And if a violation of the winding was visually noticed, then it needs to be changed immediately; checking at the stand is useless.

This vehicle is classified as an onboard vehicle. The driving wheels are the rear ones. GAZ 3307 weighs a little, quite a lot 3750 kg. But its carrying capacity is less - 4.5 tons. But it can reach speeds of up to 90 km/h, with a maximum engine power of 120 hp.

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Full technical characteristics of the car

Specifications

Engine

Performance indicators

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About the car

The car was first released in 2008. At that time, a modern carburetor engine with increased power indicators was installed in the design of the vehicle.

In 2012, the demand for this modification of the car dropped markedly, and production was suspended. This behavior was explained by the appearance on the market of large vehicles of more modern analogues, both domestic and foreign production.

A couple of years later, production of the GAZ-3307 was restored, but other modifications of the famous model were born. Manufacturers have made a number of changes, some of which include modified engines. Today the car belongs to the 4th generation of models from the famous plant.

Technical characteristics of GAZ-3307

Before you begin to study the engines of a similar truck model, you should consider in more detail the design of the vehicle, as well as its technical characteristics:

• load capacity – 4.5 t;
• maximum vehicle speed – 90 km/h;
• fuel tank volume – 105 l.

The weight of the equipped vehicle is 3.2 tons; with impressive loads, this figure can increase to 7.85 tons. The car does not have a high speed of movement, but due to the features provided by the manufacturers, it is considered one of the best for transporting small loads in off-road conditions.

Transmission

The second point is worth paying attention to. GAZ models use different gearboxes, the type of which is directly related to the type of engine used. Gasoline engines were accompanied by 4-speed gearboxes. The peculiarity of such a unit is the noise that arose during operation.

Diesel engines come with a manual transmission providing 5 speeds. To change gears, manufacturers have provided a dry clutch equipped with a hydraulic drive.

Suspension

The suspension design is considered dependent. Inside it are springs equipped with shock absorbers. The latter are located on the front wheels. To ensure long-term operation, the rear wheels are provided with standard springs, the ends of which are installed in special cushions made of rubber material.

GAZ-3307 is a rear-wheel drive car. It is driven by paired wheels. However, it is worth noting that as the model was modified, the suspension was improved. Now the car moves on the roads more confidently.

Steering wheel

The advantage of a truck steering system is that it is very simple. Not even the most experienced vehicle owner can deal with it. The system has a hydraulic booster, which can be found on many trucks. The basis of the unit is a worm mechanism, through which movement is controlled.

Brakes

The brake system is recognized as one of the most reliable components of a truck design. The benefits include:

• increased efficiency, proven by the car’s short braking distance;
• the presence of two circuits that ensure the car stops even if one of them fails
• use of drum mechanisms for more reliable braking.

The brake pedal, with the slightest pressure, instantly transmits a signal to the system, due to which it is possible to organize a timely stop of the car.

Pros and cons of the car

The GAZ-3307 car has many advantages, thanks to which it managed to gain popularity in the truck market. The main advantages of the machine include:

• good maneuverability;
• increased ground clearance;
• availability of components in free access;
• reliable operation of the braking system;
• small dimensions.

Also, owners of such a car like the large cabin and the range of various modifications of the car. But there were some shortcomings that affected demand. First of all, it is necessary to note the small carrying capacity and increased fuel consumption. Both of these parameters make the truck unprofitable in economic terms when it comes to commercial use of the vehicle.

The second disadvantage is the lack of a hydraulic system, which reduces vehicle controllability and deteriorates its maneuverability. Finally, car owners cite modest technical equipment and gearbox noise as disadvantages.

What motor oils and fluids to use

For the lubrication system, it is recommended to use all-season oil M-8V or M-6/10V. But if you work in severe frosty conditions, then you will need ASZp-6 oil. For the gearbox, it is better to use all-season oil TAP-15v, from minus 25 to minus 30, use TSp-10, and if the temperature is even lower, then fill in TSp-15K with a small addition of diesel fuel for diesel gas 3307. The same oils Can also be used for steering gear. The main gear housing should be filled with all-season oil TSp-14gip; in very severe frosts - TSz-9gip. For shock absorbers you will need AJ-12T fluid, or spindle oil. Use Tom as brake fluid.

Of course, all this data is taken from the manufacturer's recommendations, and if necessary, you can use modern oils or fluids. But do not forget to consult with specialists.