IL-80 - flying command post for the Armed Forces

The term “doomsday plane” originally appeared in the United States. This was the name given to the aircraft converted into a command post, which took to the skies in 1973. A flying fortress has been created that can serve as an effective and almost elusive command center in the sky in the event of a possible nuclear conflict.

The Soviet response was the Il-80 aircraft - a reliable, well-thought-out and highly classified project capable of evacuating senior command personnel from enemy attack in the shortest possible time.

History of the IL-80

Towards the end of the 1970s, serious tensions arose between the United States and the USSR. It was associated with the entry of the Soviet Army into Afghanistan, which could be compared in terms of risk to the Cuban Missile Crisis. The consequence of such political difficulties was the exacerbation of the Cold War and the increasing likelihood of its transition into open armed conflict.

Underground bunkers could not be called a 100% guarantee of survival in the event of a nuclear strike on the country. Therefore, it was necessary to take certain measures that ensured the security of the command. A special aircraft that had already been produced earlier in the USA could help with this. The USSR did not have such aircraft, and the designers did not have any projects even in the initial stages. But the current situation forced us to reconsider our priorities.

The leadership of the USSR set the task of creating an aircraft that would serve as an air command center only in the 1980s. After several meetings, we created a list of mandatory requirements for the airliner that needed to be taken into account during development. Among them:

• takeoff and landing must take place at any airports that accept long-haul passenger aviation;
• the flight range and duration are sufficient to remove the command from the danger zone during military operations of any intensity;
• the probability of failure is 10 times less than specified in the requirements for the reliability of military aviation;
• the board is equipped with means of protection against the effects of weapons of mass destruction, including electromagnetic pulses and radiation;
• autonomous use of the aircraft should be possible even in the absence of ground or satellite equipment for communication and navigation;
• the presence of equipment that operates under any circumstances to control the armed forces on board;
• command must be able to remain on the aircraft for long periods of time with a sufficient level of comfort.

The plane was named Il-80. They decided to use the Il-86 as a base for it, which was used for passenger transportation. It is considered one of the most reliable airliners in the world, as over several decades it has suffered a small number of accidents due to technical reasons. The selected base satisfied the designers in many respects, including cabin dimensions, fuselage width and wing structure. All that remained was to make minor adjustments to individual parts, prepare space for new fuel tanks and consider the placement of equipment.

The first flight on the Il-80 aircraft was made on May 29, 1985 under the control of S. G. Bliznyuk. Then they carried out several more flights, which helped test stability and controllability, aerodynamic and flight properties, as well as the functioning of the basic systems on board. Gradually, some changes were made to the aircraft.

So, the missing elements of the radio engineering complex were installed in it and the location of the antennas was adjusted. By the end of the 1980s, the Il-80 was sent for state testing, which it successfully completed. Afterwards it was transferred for trial operation to a special unit. In 1990, the first command was given from an airplane to launch a ballistic missile. And already at the end of 1991, the Il-80 was included in the Russian army.

A total of four such aircraft were produced. Two are considered main, 2 act as reserves. Detailed information about them is classified, but their location is known - Chkalovsky airfield.

Differences from the basic Il-86 aircraft

If you compare the Il-80 with the Il-86 aircraft, which became its base, you can notice many differences. Most of them are related to technical equipment and improving protection against possible threats.

What makes the IL-80 different:

• there is no passenger and transport equipment on board that was used in civilian operation;
• passenger compartment - with a new interior, ensuring comfortable work of the combat command group and placement of everything necessary;
• the middle part of the fuselage does not have windows, the number and location of doors, hatches and ladders were changed along with the frame;
• there is a standard system for determining membership in the Russian armed forces “Password”;
• a special radio technical complex has been installed for communication with all groups of the RF Armed Forces directly, via satellite or using repeaters;
• the radio technical complex has been supplemented with a new communication system between air force flight crews and an improved intercom;
• to maintain normal climatic levels and ensure the operation of radio equipment, a special air conditioning system was used;
• basic ventilation was modified to protect the board from exposure to harmful substances when in the zone of a nuclear, biological or chemical attack;
• two additional power units are mounted under the wing to ensure the functioning of new equipment and air conditioning;
• the aircraft will receive a boom to perform mid-air refueling in order to be able to fly a longer distance.

The IL-80 is much safer than any basic passenger or military aircraft. The designers did everything possible to ensure that the airliner could remain in the air and provide leadership with uninterrupted control of the armed forces.

Are you interested in the history of the Il-80 aircraft?

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Description of design

The Il 80 aircraft is a low-wing aircraft with a single-fin tail. Its aerodynamic design falls into the classic category. The fuselage has no windows, the number of entrances has been reduced to three. Such measures increase the level of security even further. The fuselage structure was modified and strengthened, and the wing was also improved.

The weight of the airliner turned out to be quite large, which makes landing and takeoff very dangerous. Therefore, only experienced pilots can fly it. Despite the requirement that implies the possibility of landing at any airfield where passenger aircraft are accepted, the Il-80 will only be able to land on a prepared runway.

It must be paved and regularly maintained. The weight problem was partially solved by installing four landing gear supports with 4 wheels each, distributing the load as evenly as possible. During the flight, they are retracted into special niches.

Four NK-86 model jet engines and two additional power units in nacelles are installed under the wing. They provide the necessary power for air flight and equipment operation. The refueling rod is installed on the bow of the hull. There is also a remarkable hump, the presence of which is caused by the installation of large-sized radio equipment of various types.

Short-wave antennas are installed on the outer part of the fuselage. They are used to maintain communication and receive signals. An exhaust transmitting antenna is located at the end of the airliner. It is used to provide communications with submarines.

Links[edit]

1. ^ abc "Thieves target plane" of doomsday "Russian nuclear war". The keeper
   . December 8, 2022.
2. ^ abcdefghijklmnopqrs "IL-80/IL-86VKP/IL-87 Maxdome". www.globalsecurity.org
   .
3. ^ abcde Taylor,
   Michael J. H.
   's World Handbook of Aircraft and Systems , 1999–2000
   , 2000. ISBN 1-85753-245-7, page 156.
4. Randall, David. Jane's Guide to Airplane Recognition, 2nd edition
   , 1999. ISBN 0-00-472212-4, page 154.
5. “In Russia, development work on the modernization of airborne command posts is being completed.” TASS
   .
6. “The Doomsday plane was robbed in the Rostov region” [The “Doomsday plane” was robbed in the Rostov region]. RIA Novosti
   RIA Novosti (in Russian). 2020-12-07. Retrieved December 8, 2020.

Flight performance

In terms of dimensions, the aircraft is standard for the class of medium passenger airliners, which includes the Il-86, taken as a basis. The length of the Il-80 is 59.5 m, height – 15.8 m. The wing area is 320 m² with a span of 48 m. The crew consists of five people, the maximum number of passengers is not specified.

The unladen weight of the aircraft is classified, but the normal take-off weight is known. It is limited at around 280 tons. The thrust of four NK-86 engines is 52,000 kgf, each of them accounts for 13,000 kgf. The maximum speed is 970 km/h, cruising speed is 850 km/h. The aircraft can rise to a height of up to 11,000 m. The flight range is limited to 3,600 km, which is enough to ensure command and control of troops in safe conditions.

There are no weapons on board. If there is a risk of attack from enemy aircraft or ground troops, then the aircraft is supported by fighters and attack aircraft. The simultaneous take-off of other IL-80s can also increase the level of security in order to hide exactly where the country's leadership is located.

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Operation and future prospects

The main aircraft USSR-86146 RA-86146, as well as three additional ones, are in service and still serve as emergency response airliners. They receive the necessary care and are kept in a state of readiness to take to the skies at the first order. The aircraft were never used for their intended purpose.

Despite the high level of reliability, good technical characteristics and careful maintenance, the IL-10 requires modernization. Morally obsolete engines and some elements could be replaced by a new aircraft, but management gave preference to improving existing airliners. It is expected that new equipment will be installed on them, which will expand the capabilities for command. According to unconfirmed information, the agreement to modernize the Il-10 was concluded back in 2012, but now it is in the stage of temporary freezing, which is associated with financial difficulties.

The Il-80 became the first airliner in Russian service, designed to command troops from the air in the event of a nuclear war. Its equipment ensures uninterrupted communication with the army under any circumstances and allows it to issue new instructions without being tracked. If the aircraft is modernized, the level of safety and capabilities can be significantly expanded, making it a real air fortress.

Secret radio communication equipment

The IL-80 is currently in service. Due to this, its internal equipment is classified. Little is known about him. Manufacturer: Zveno-2 enterprise. The name of the product is “flight”. All troop control is carried out using radio communications, so the aircraft contains an extensive set of radio communications equipment of any power and range. Each Strategic Missile Forces vehicle is equipped with an R-176 radio station. To communicate with them, radio stations of the corresponding ranges are provided. With the destruction of the infrastructure of radio relay stations, old-style shortwave stations will become relevant. Several shortwave antennas were observed outside the aircraft.

The second almost invulnerable link in the event of a nuclear strike is space satellites. IL-80 is equipped with several satellite communication stations of all ranges. The selection of radio-electronic equipment takes into account the entire variety of bands, data transmission protocols, and cryptographic keys for protecting military communications. Of course, the aircraft contains hundreds of radio-electronic systems. All of them are made on the basis of radiation-resistant microcircuits and transistors of military series.

Electronic equipment must provide communication within one hemisphere, which requires enormous power. At the IL 80 command post, two generators were installed in suspended gondolas on the wings. The length of the gondola is 9 meters. Diameter - 1.3 meters. The power of the generators is classified, but judging by the dimensions, it is several hundred kW.