Flying Fortress B-17: history and characteristics of the aircraft, weapons

The Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress is the most famous American bomber that performed well during World War II. Despite the fact that the American air fleet at that time had machines with similar and superior characteristics, it was the B-17, due to its reliability and combat qualities, that, in the opinion of most, symbolized the power of US aviation.

Let's consider the main characteristics of the flying fortress, as this aircraft was unofficially nicknamed, the history of its development and its role in popular culture.

Bomber history

Work on the creation of a bomber designed to strengthen the defense of the US coast began in 1934, when a competition for a similar aircraft model was announced.

When planning the B-17, a four-engine model was initially planned with an all-metal airframe, a fully enclosed cockpit for the crew and a hidden landing gear, according to the advanced ideas of the era.

The first prototype was publicly demonstrated in July 1935, after which it received its famous nickname as the flying fortress.

A month later, the B-17 significantly outperformed competing models in comparative tests, receiving excellent chances for a government order. But at the end of August of the same year, a prototype bomber called the Model 299 crashed, as a result of which he could not win the competition and was disqualified.

However, the excellent technical characteristics of the aircraft did not go unnoticed by specialists, and in January 1936, Boeing was offered to modify the B-17, presenting thirteen bombers in preparation for mass production.

The modified copies underwent rigorous testing in various conditions, flying more than nine thousand kilometers during the year, avoiding significant accidents and malfunctions. As a result, Boeing received the desired contract, and the machine with the B-17 index entered mass production.

The bomber began mass production in July 1939, and was produced for six years in Seattle, Burnbank and Long Beach. The total production volume over the years amounted to more than twelve thousand seven hundred vehicles of various modifications.

production

USAF B-17 approval:[11]

Manufacturer	version	before 1940	1940	1941	1942	1943	1944	1945	GENERAL
Boeing, Seattle	XB-17	1	1
Boeing, Seattle	Y1B-17	13	13
Boeing, Seattle	Y1B-17A	1	1
Boeing, Seattle	V-17B	24	15	39
Boeing, Seattle	B-17S	38	38
Boeing, Seattle	B-17D	42	42
Boeing, Seattle	V-17E	102	410	512
Boeing, Seattle	V-17F	849	1.451	2.300
Douglas, Long Beach	V-17F	85	520	605
Lockheed, Burbank	V-17F	68	432	500
Boeing, Seattle	V-17G	889	2.837	309	4.035
Douglas, Long Beach	V-17G	432	1.271	692	2.395
Lockheed, Burbank	V-17G	455	1.244	551	2.250
GENERAL	39	53	144	1.412	4.179	5.352	1.552	12.731

Airframe design

At all stages of development, the aircraft was planned with an all-metal fuselage - semi-monocoque. The body consisted of four blocks made with bolted connections. Each of these blocks included nine composite modules, to which power elements were attached with rivets.

The wing is assembled from eighteen sections with a truss structure of the main spars. The joints of the side members are covered with corrugated duralumin sheets, the ailerons are covered with linen.

The bomber is designed with an all-metal fin and stabilizers, duralumin sheathing of ribs and stringers. The metal frame of the control planes is made of fabric covering.

Interesting! The B-17 aircraft was famous for its excellent survivability - its ability to reach the airfield in the event of any breakdowns, even with very severe damage, maintaining integrity.

Flight performance in comparison with analogues

Given the offensive nature of Nazi Germany's weapons, the Germans did not plan to produce heavy bomber aircraft. Therefore, analogues of the B-17 flying fortress were for the most part included in the arsenal of the Allied armies. But the Pe-8 models of Soviet aircraft of this class, due to their small numbers, could not compare in importance with American aircraft.

If we compare the flight performance characteristics of the B-17 with the qualities of similar aircraft, it can be noted that in most respects the American design, with comparable geometric dimensions, was significantly superior to its competitors in the following parameters:

combat load - seven thousand eight hundred kilograms, compared to five thousand for the Soviet model;
maximum take-off weight - almost thirty tons. In this component, only the Soviet Pe-8 was slightly superior;
maximum speed - over 500 km/h, with 488 for the nearest competitor;
cruising speed - 400 km/h with similar parameters to the same Pe-8;
the practical ceiling is 10,850 meters, which is seven hundred meters higher than its nearest rival.

The maximum limit of the combat radius was 3219 km, which coincides with the data of most competitors.

A similar Luftwaffe vehicle was generally converted from a passenger airliner, so it could not be a competitor in the power of weapons and the volume of the bomb arsenal with a long flight range and similar dimensions.

Armament of the B-17

The defensive arsenal of the air fortress consisted of thirteen machine guns with a caliber of 12.7 millimeters with an ammunition load of 6380 rounds. Location Features:

in front - on a twin ventral turret equipped with an electric drive;
on both sides of the bow there are two light zygomatic machine guns;
above the fuselage - two versions of the turret, with a power drive with a coaxial machine gun;
another drive turret of a ball design under the fuselage for coaxial fire;
the radio room is equipped with a light machine gun (not installed on later models);
embrasures on the sides - another machine gun on each side;
tail - twin manually aimed turret.

The composition of the weapons changed depending on the modification and was gradually improved during the war, taking into account the identified deficiencies.

The aircraft could carry a bomb load of up to 7900 kg, but such a practical need arose infrequently. Usually the weight of the bombs averaged about 2300 kg. It was possible to place two additional fuel tanks in the bomb bay to increase the maximum combat radius.

Bomber defense

Considering the main purpose of the vehicle, it could not successfully resist fighter aircraft. The designers maximized the number of machine guns - initially there were four installed.

The advantages of the flying fortress among all similar aircraft of the Second World War include superiority in the combat range of machine guns, thanks to which the bomber could attack the enemy from a kilometer distance versus four hundred meters from enemy fighters.

The car was especially vulnerable from the front side due to less security. But this direction of attack, due to the high speed of approach, created great difficulties for the enemy during the attack - the firing time did not exceed two seconds.

Based on the experience of military clashes, most of the bombers were shot down in the absence of fire cover. Therefore, the main tactics of action using these aircraft included a group attack with a checkerboard formation of the vehicles, which ensured maximum security, while simultaneously creating difficulties for evading anti-aircraft fire.

The large percentage of bomber losses continued until the squadrons began to be assigned combat fighter escort.

Performance characteristics

The B-17 Flying Fortress was distinguished by the following tactical and technical characteristics:

length - 22.66 m;
wingspan - 31.62 m;
height - 5.82 m;
wing area - 131.92 square;
weight without load - 16.391 tons;
curb weight - 24.495 tons;
maximum take-off weight - 29.71 tons;
four piston engines providing turbocharging, each with a capacity of one thousand two hundred horsepower.

Taking into account the flight characteristics indicated earlier, the B-17 flying fortress became a formidable force, ensuring the accomplishment of assigned tasks, with a high degree of protection for the crew, which was equipped with the following personnel:

commander;
co-pilot;
a navigator who simultaneously controlled the bow turret;
bombardier in charge of the second bow turret;
a flight engineer who combines the main functions with firing from the machine guns of the upper turret;
gunner-radio operator;
ventral turret gunner;
right and left gunners;
tail turret gunner.

These qualities allowed the aircraft to significantly outperform its competitors.

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syaoemne gyubepemkhe yuloyumkhkh b yaebepmni yuTPHYE OPHBEKN Y BNGNAMNBKEMKHCH ANLAYUPKHPPNBNVMSHU MYUKERNB B YAEBPMNI eBPNOE. oEPBSHI MUKER YAYULNKERNB USAAF MU TsEPLYUMHCH YANYARNKYA 27 ЪМБУПЪ 1943 TsNDYu. b SCHRNR DEME b-17 ANLAKHKH YAYKYUDSH LUREPHYUKNB DK YARPNHREKEYARBU ASMYEPNB DK ONDBNDMSHU KNDNY B ONPRS bHKETSEKELYAUTEM (Wilhelmshaven). aNLAYUPDHPNBYU ASHKYU BSHONKMEMYU B-17F XG YANYARYUBYU 92-I, 303-I, 305-I X 306-I BG. YNLYUMDHPNL 305-I BG ASHK ONKYNBMKHY YSPRKHYA KELEY (Curtis LeMay), YNRPSHI B GBYUMHH KEYREMYUMRYU ASHK URSPLYUMNL BN BPEL DELNMYARPUZHNMMNI YURYUYKH b-17 HG 2-I BG MU HR YUKEMYAYKHI KUIMEP “Rex” B LYUE 1938 TSNDYU.

18 LYUPRYU BOEPBSHE B MUKERE MU YADNYARPNHREKEMSHE GYUBNDSH THPLSH "bSKYUM" (Bremer Vulkan) B Vegesack ASHKYU HYAONKEGNBUMYU YAHYARELYU AFCE (Automatic Flight Control Equipment - NANPSDNBYUMKHE YUBRNLYURHVEYAYNTSN SOPYU BKEMH ONKERNL). b YAKHYARELE AFCE ANLANOPKHZHEK Norden SOPYUBKKYAYULNKERNL VEPEG YABGE I YUBRNOKHKNRNL B LNLEMR YAPNYAYU ANLA. ANKEE ONDPNAMN SHRYU YAHYAREL NOKHYUMYU BSHYE. KHYARPEAHREKH kCHTRBYUTTE NYUGYUKH B RNR DEME ЪPNYARMNE YANOPNRKHBKEMKHE, MN KHU YURYUYKH ASHKH MEYAINNPDHMHPNBYUMSH KH ONREPH ASHKKH MEBEKKHYKH.

17 YOOPEK 1943 TSNDYU 115 Flying Fortress JURYINBUKH GYUBNDSH Focke-Wulf B aPELEM. YaYULNKERSH kChTRBYUTTE NYUGYUKH YAHKEMNE OPNRKHBNDEI-YARBKHE MYOOYUDYUBKHL, YNRNPSHE ONMEYAKKH YAYULSHE ROFEKSHE DN SCHRNTSN BPELEMH ONREPH - MYUGYUD ME BNGBPYURKHKHYAE 16 B-17. eYE 48 Flying Fortress ONKSVKHKH PYUGKKHVMSHE ONBPEFDEMKH. MUVKHMYU I SCHRNTSN DM YURYUYKH MELEZHYKHU HYARPEAHREKEY YARYUMNBKHKHYAE BYAE ANKEE SHTTEYRKHBMSHLKH YAYNNPDKHMHPNBYUMMSHLKH, KH ONREPH ANLAYUPKHPPNBYKHYNB YANYARYUBKKKH 1 0 OPNZHMRNB X ANKEE, NYNAEMMN YNTSDU Flying Fortress DEYARBNBUKH GYU OPEDEKYULH DUKEMNYARKH ONKERYU SHYAINPRMSHU KHYARPEAHREKEY. MELEGYHE KHYARPEAHREKH ONVRKH BYAETSDU YARYUKKH YURYUNBYURE TNPLYUZHKH Flying Fortress XG OEPEDMEI ONKSYATEPSH XG ONKNFEMKH "MU 12 VYYANB BSHYE" MU BYARPEVMSHU YSPYUU. b ONOSHRYE SYAKHKHRE OEPEDNBSCH NTSMEBSCH LNYE B ONKEBSHU SYAKNBKHU YARYUKH YAOEMN SYARYUMYUBKKHBURE DNONKMHREKEMSHE OSKELERSH B MNYANBNI VYUYARKH. nDMuYN SGBKHLNYARE Y TPNMRYUKEMSHL MYOOYUDEMKHL ASHKYU ANKEYE NASYAKNBKEMYU PUYAONKNFEMHEL APNMHPNBYUMKH SHCHYHOYUFYU, YNRNPNE YANBEPEMMN ME GYUYKHYUKN OPNRKHB TPN MRYUKEMSHU YURUY, VEL MEDNYARYURYNL MNYANBNTSN BNNPSFEMKH. dPSTSNI OPNAKELNI ASHKYU YPYUIME NOYUYAMYU REMDEMZHKH B-17 GUTSNPYUREYA NR GEMHRMNTSN NTsM HKKH ONYUDYUMKHI YAMYUPDNB MELEZHYKHU HYARPEAHREKEY. schRYU "ANKEGME" OPEYAKEDNBYUKYU b-17 BOKNRE DN NYNMVYUMKH YYUPEEPSH.

bN BPEL MYUKERYU MY yHKE 13 KhChM ASHKN YAAHRN 22 KhG 66 YYULNKERNB b-17; BN BPEL MYUKERYU MU tsYUMMNBEP B KHCHKE - 24 HG 92; OPH MUKERE 28 KhChK MU aEPKHM - 22 HG 112.

b KhChME 1943 TsNDYu "Memphis Belle" (B-17F-10-BO YAEPKHIMSHI MNLEP 41-24485) KhG 324-I ANLAYUPKHPPNBNVMNI SCHAYYUDPHKEKH 91-I BG YARYUK OEPBSHL B-17, YNRNPSHI SZHEKEK ONYAKE 25 ANEBSHU BSHKERNB. b UNDE BSHKERYU "Memphis Belle" MU ANLAEFYS bHKETSEKELYAUYUTEMYU MU ANPRS MUUNDHKYUYAE YAZELNVMYU TsPSOOYU. YAMERSHI THKEL KBNYN ONYUGSHBUKYA B REVEMKHE BNIMSH. ONYAKE 25-TSN BSHKERYU YAYULNKER ASHK BNGBPYUYEM BYAYU, TsDE SVIYARBNBUK B ONKERYUU I ZHEKECH OPNDYUFKH NAKKHTSYUZHHI BNEMMNTSN GUILYU YAYU (US War Bonds).

22 KhChM 1943 TsNDYU 235 Flying Fortress NYASYYARBHKH MUKER MU PEGHMNREUMHVEYAYHE GYUBNDSH Huls B pSPE. MUKER NYUGYUKYA DNBNKEMN SIAOOMSHL, NYNAEMMN B YABERE MEBSHYANYKHU ONREPE.

YAKEDSCHYYYARYUDKHEI BNGDSMNNI BNIMSH OPNRKHB TsEPLYUMXX YARYUKN PYUGPSEMKHE YUBKHYUZHNMMNI OPNLSHKEMMNYARH. NYAMNBMNI GYUDYUVEI YARYUBHKNYAE SMHVRNFEMHE GYUBNDNB ON OPNHGBNDYARBS YUPKHYNONDHOMKHYNB, FHGMEMMN MENAUNDHLSHU LYUHMYUL I BPUYYUCHYHLHYA VYUYARLH. 24-31 KhChKЪ 1943 TSNDYU YAYULNKERSH 8-I YUPLKHH B UNDE YPSOMEIETSN DN MUYARNYETSN BPELEMH BNGDSMNTSN MYYARSOKEMKH YURYUNBYUKH 16 TsKYUBMSHU KHMDSYARPHYUKEMSHU JACKEYS MU REPPHRNPHH cEPPLUMHH. 17 YUBTSSYARYU 1943 TSNDYU ASHKYU OPNBEDEMYU NDMNBPELEMMYU YURYUYU YUPKHYNONDHOMKHYNBSHU GYUBNDNB B BEIMTSPR (Schweinfurt), BNYARNVMEE tPYUMYTSPRYU H GYUBNDNB Messerschmitt B PETSEMYASPTS E (Regensburg). MU RN BPEL SHRN ASHKYU YYULYU TSKSANYU YURYUYU OH REPPHRNPHH TsEPLYUMHH YYULSHL ANKEHL VHYAKNL Flying Fortress. ShchRS YURYUYS RUYFE YANOPNBNFDYUKH X YURYUYARPNTHVEYAYHE ONREPH - 8-Ъ YUPLHЪ ONREPKYU 60 YAYULNKERNB HG 376. schYHOYUFKH GUYBHKH N 288 YAAHRSHU MELEZHYKHU HYARPEAH REKU, VRN ЪBKЪRYAЪ, MEYANLMEMMN, VPEGBSHVYUIMN GYUBSHIEMMNI ZHKhTPNI.

YaYULNKERSH YURYUNBYUBKHE PETSEMYASPTS OPNDNKFHKH YABNI OSRE B YaEBEPMSCH UTPHYS X BNGBPYURKHKHYAE B BEKKHYNAPHRYUMKHCH, YURYUNBYUB MU NAPURMNL OSRH GYUBNDSH Focke-Wulf B aNPDN. ONKMSHE ONREPH B REVEMKHE MEDEKH YANYARYUBHKH ANKEE YANRMH B-17. EYE DBE MEDEKH RYUKHU NFEYARNVEMMSHU ANEB - X NR 8-I YUPLXX MHVETSN ASH ME NYARYUKNYAE.

b YUBTSSYARE-YAEMRAPE 1943 TSNDYU B BEKKHYNAPHRYUMKHCH YARYUKH OPHASHBURE MNBSHE B-17G. MNBYU RSPEKEMYU SYARYUMNBYU B MKhFMEI OEPEDMEI VYUYARKH TCHGEKKFYU ONLNTSKYU NRPYUFYURE KNANBSHE YURYUYKH MELEZHYKHU KHYARPEAHREKEY.

6 YAEMRIAP ANKEE VEL 400 ANLAYUPDHPNBYKHYNB YANBEPHKH MUKER MU GYUBNDSH ON OPNKHGBNDYARBS YUPKHYNONDKHOMKHYNB VKF B ьRSRRTSYUPDRE. xG-GYU OKNUNI ONTSNDSH YAYULNKERSH ME BSHONKMKKKH ONYARYUBKEMNI ZHEKH. gYURN HYARPEAHREKH X GEMHRYKH YAAHKH 45 Flying Fortress.

yuLEPHYUMZHSH OSHRYUKHYAE HYAONKEGNBURE DK YANOPNBNFDEMHY ANLAYUPDHPNBYKHYNB HYARPEAHREKH Republic P-47 Thunderbolt, YAMYUAFEMMSHE GYUOYUYAMSHLH AYUYULH I TsNPCHVHL, MN PYUDKHSYA HU DEYARB KH ASHK MEDNYARYURNVMSHL, KH NYAEMECH ONYAKE PUDYU MYUKERNB MU YUPKHYNONDHOMKHYNBSHY GYUBND B BEIMTSPR, YARUKYU NVEBKHDMNI MENAUNDHLNYARE B ANKEE ONDUNDYKHU YYULNKERYU YANOPNBNFDE MHЪ.

14 NYRAP 1943 TsNDYU b-17 BMNBE YANBEPHKKH MUKER MU bBEIMTSPR. 291 Flying Fortress YKYU B YANOPNBNFDEMKHH HYARPEAHREKEY Republic Thunderbolt, NDMYUYN ONYAKEDMHE ME LNTSKH YANOPNBNFDYURE ANLAYUPDHPNBYKHYH DUKEYE PUINMYU yuUEMYU, X, YNTsDU NMH ONBEPMSKH MYUGYU D, MELEZHYKHE HYARPEAHREKH BNKMYU GYU BNKMNI MU BIAEL OSRKH YURYUNBYUKH b-17. b UNDE SHRNTSN MUKERYU MELEZHYKHE HYARPEAHREKH OPHLEMHKKH DK PUGPSIEMKH YARPN ANLAYUPKHPPNBYKHYNB 210 LL PUYERSH. mYUGYUD ME BNGBPYURHKNYAE 60 Flying Fortress. xG BEPMSBHUYA YYULNKERNB EYE ORRE PYUGAKHKNYAE MYUD YUSCHPNDPNLYULH, Yu 12 OPKHKNYAE YAOKHYURE ONYAKE ONYYUDYKH. eYE 121 YYULNKER ONKSVHK HYAOPIUBHLSHE ONBPEFDEMHЪ. 14 NYRAP 1943 TSNDYU BNKN B KHYARNPKHCH YUY “Black Thursday” - “VEPMSHY VERBEPTS”. ShRN ASHKYU YSKELKHMYUZHKH YARPYUMNI MEDEKKH, B REVEMKHE YNRNPNI 8-Ъ BNGDSMYU YUPLKH ONREPKYU 148 ANLAYUPKHPNBIKHYNB I SHCHYHOYUFYULKH B PEGSKERYURE VERSHPEU ONOSHRNY OPNPBURE MELEZHYSCH NANPNMS GYU OPEDECYULH PYUDKHSYAYU DEYARBKH HYARPEAHREKEMNTSN YANOPNBNFDEMH. RYUNI VPEGBSHWYUMN BSHIANYKHI SPNBEM ONREPE ASHK MEREPOHL, KH YULEPHYUMYAYNE YUBKHYUZHNMMNE YNLYUMDNBYUMKHE ASHKN BSHMSFDEMN OPHGMURE MENAUNDHLNYARE DUKEMETSN KHYARPEAHREKEM NTsN YANOPNBNFDEMHЪ, VEL NMN DN YAKHU ONP OPEMEAPETSYUKN HKKH YAVKHRYUKN SCHRN REUMHVEYAYKH MEBNGLNFMSHL.

b YNMZHE 1943 TSNDYU SFUYAMSHE ONREPH X YAYSDMSHE PEGSKERYURSH ANLAYUPDHPNBNNY GUYARYUBHKH YNLYUMDNBYUMKHE USAAF GYUDSLUREYA N ZHEKEYANNAPUGMNYARKH OPNDNKFEMKH DMEBMSHU MUKERNB . sKHMYARNM VEPVHKKE, YNRNPSHI MKHYNTSDU ME ASHK YARNPNMMKHYNL DMEBMSHU MYUKERNB, OPEDKNFHK USAAF OEPEIRKH Y MNVMSHL MYKERYUL YU SHRN DEKYUKH RAF I YAYULNTSN MYUVYUKYU BNIMSH. MYALNRP MU ONYARNMMSHE YURYUYKH OPEDOPHYRKHI MELEZHYNI YUBKHYUZHNMMNI OPNLSHKEMMNYARKH, YUGYUKNYAE, VRN VHYAKN MELEZHYKHU HYARPEAHREKEY, BYARPEVIUBYUKHU Flying Fortress, SBEK HVHKNYAE, VEL SLEMEHKNYAE. MELEZHYU YUBKHYUZHNMMMYU OPNLSHKEMMNYARE I ONPYUGHREKEMNI YAYNPNYARECH BNYAYARYUBKKHBUKYU YABNH YAHKSH ONYAKE SDYUPNB. bSHYANYNSHTTEYRKHBMYU MELEZHYU PUANVIU YAHKYU H ANKENE VHYAKN PUANRYUBKHU OKEMMSHU BNYAYARYUMYUBKKHBUKH PYUGPSEMMNE KHMNTSDU GYU MEYAINKEIN DMEI. yPNLE RNCN OND PSYNBNDYARBNL LHMKHYARPYU BNNPSFEMKHI rPEREETSN peiyu yukeaepryu ooeepyu ASHKYU PUGPYUANRYUMYU NVEME SHTTEYRKHBMYU OPNTsPYULLY DEZHMRPYUKHGYUZHKH OPNLSHKEMM NYARH.

MN MEYALNRP MU ONREPH B-17 MHYNTSDU ME ONBNPUVKHBUKH NAPIURMN B PEGSKERYURE YURUY BPYUFEYAYHU KHYARPEAHREKEY KKH GEMKHRMNTSN NTsM, UNR YAKNFMSHE LERENPNKNTSKHVEYAYKHE SYAKNBKH OPHBNDHKH Y VYYARSHL NRLEMYUL MYUKERNB. b REVEMKHE ONYAKEDMKHU MEDEKE 1943 TSNDYU YAYULNKERSH 8-I YUPLXX DEYARBNBUKH B OPEDEKYU DUKEMNYARKH ONKERYU MUVYUBKHU ONEBKOREYA KHYARPEAHREKEY SCHYAINPRYU, KH ME YANBEPYUKH MUKERNB BTSKSAE TsEPLYUMXX.

MEYALNRP MU BSHYANYKHE ONREPH, ASHKN OPKHMIRN PEYEMKHE OPNDNKFKHRE ANLAYUPDHPNBYKH OPEDOPHYRKHI MELEZHYNI OPNLSHKEMNYARKH. b YNMZHE 1943 TsNDYu DK NYASYYARBKEMKH MYUKERNB RЪFEKSHU ANLAYUPKHPNBIKHYNB I AYUG B BEKKHYNAPHRYUMXX X hryuKXX X YNNPDHMYUZHHH SYAHKHI I MNVMSHLH MYUKERYULH YAYULNKERNB R AF B EBPNOE ASHKH NPTSYUMKHGNBYUMSH YARPURETSKHVEYAYKHE bNEMMN-BNGDSMSHE YAHKSH yayu (US Strategic Air Forces) OND YNLYUMDNBYUMHEL TSEMEPYUK-KEIREMYUMRY yUPKYU YaOYURGYU (Carl Spaatz ). b YNMZHE 1943 TSNDYU MUYNMEZH ONJBHKHYAE B DNYARYURNVMNL YNKKHVEYARBE SHYAINPRMSHE HYARPEAHREKH Republic P-47 Thunderbolt X Lockheed P-38 Lightning. schRKH YAYULNKERSH ASHKH YAONYANAMSH YANOPNBNFDYURE B-17 MU GMYUVKHREKEMSHE PUYAYARNMHJ MYUD REPPHRNPHEY TSEPLUMXX. BEYAMNI 1944 TSNDYU ONЪBKHKYAKH MYUKHANKEE SHTTEYRKHBMSHHI KHYARPEAHREKE SCHYAINPRYU - North American P-51D Mustang, NYAMYUYEMMSHI LNRNPNL pNKKYA-pNIYA Merlin, YNRNPSHI AKYUTSNDYUP ONDBEYAMSHL AYUYUL LNTs YANOPNBNFDYURE ANLAYUPDHPNBYKHYKH BOKNRE DN aEPKKHMYU.

RUYFE B DEYUAPE 1943 TSNDYu YAYULNKERSH USAAF YARYUKH OPHLEMRE "chaff" - DHONKEMSHE NRPYUFYUREKH HG ONKNYA YUKCHLHMKHEBNI TNKETSKH, YUMYUKNTSKHVMSHE YUMTSKKHIYAYKHL "Window" DKЪ GYUYHRSH NR MELEZHYKHU PYUDYUPNB. MYALNRP MU OPEDOPKHMHLUELSH MELZHYULH YNMRPLEPSH, NRPYUFYUREKH NYARYUBYUKHYAE DNBNKEMN SHTTEYRKHBMNI GYUYKHRMNI LEPNI BOKNRE DN YNMZHYU BNIMSH. dHONKEMSHE NRPYUFYUREKH BSHAPYYASHBUKHYAE B OYUVYUU YABGBMMShu PEGHMINI VKEMYULH SHCHYHOYUFYU b-17 VEPEG YAOEZHYUKEMSHE FEKNAYU, HKKH, VYUYE, VEPEG ANYNBSHE NYMYU B UBNYARNBNI VYYARKH. b LNLEMR BSHAPNYYU PEGHMYU KNOYUKYUYAE KH B BNGDSUE NAPYUGNBSHBYUKNYAE MEANKENE NAKUYN HG DHONKEMSHU NRPYUFYUREKEY, YNRNPNE B REVEMKHE LHMSRSH MYUNLHMYUKN MU SHYPYUMYU PKYA NRPYU FEMMSHY YAHTSMYUK NR VERSHPEULNRNPMNTSN ANLAYUPDHPNBYKHYU.

BHDHLNYARE GHLNI MYUD eBPNONI ASHKYU MESDNBKERBNHPREKEMNI X DK ANLAEFEY B MEMUYARMSHE X OYUYALSPMSHE DMH MEINRNPSHE Flying Fortress ASHKH NYAMYUYEMSH PYUGPYUANRYUMMSHL B BEKKHYNAPHRYUMHH OPKHAN PNL H2S. schRN ASHKYU PYUDYUPMYU SYARYUMNBYU, YNRNPYU OEPEDYUBYUKYU KHNAPYUFEMHE GELKH MU SHYPYUM, KHMTNPLYUZHCH I YNRNPNTSN YAVKHRSHBYUK YAOEZHHYUKEMN NASVEMSHI NOEPYURNP. yuLEPHYUMYAYU BEPYAKH SHRNTSN SYARPNIYARBU YARUKYU HGBEYARMYU YUY PYUDYUP H2X “Bombing Through Overcast” (ANLAYUPDHPNBYU YAYBNGE NAKYUYU) KH ASHKYU SYARYUMNBKEMYU B MHFMEI VYUYARKH TCHGEKЪF YU MU LEYARE YUPNBNI RSPEKEMNI SYARYUMNBYKH. NYAMYUYEMMSHE RYUKHL NAPUGNL LYUKHMSH DEYARBNBUKH YUY YAYULNKERSH MYUBEDEMKH, ON YAHTSMYUKS I YNRNPSHU BYAE NYARYUKEMSHE ANLAYUPDHPNBYKHYKH RUYFE YAAPUYASHBUKH YABNH ANLASH. shRN NANPSDNBUMHE BOEPBSHE HYAONKEGNBYUKNYAE 27 YAEMRAP 1943 TsNDYU OPH MUKERE MU ONPR schLDEM.

11 ЪМБУПЪ 1944 TSNDYU 600 YAYULNKERNB ASHKKH MYUPYUBKEMSH OPNRKHB ZHEKEY MELEZHYNI YUBKHYUZHNMMNI OPNLSHKEMNYARKH. xG-GYU OKNUNI ONTSNDSH JACKEYS DNYARKHTSKH RNKAIN 238 B-17. aSHKH ONREPMSH LEYAREDEYAR B-17. b RNL FE LEYAZHE b-17 8-I YUPLHH OPNBEKH PJD MYUKERNB MU OSYAYNBSHE SYARYUMNBYKH BOY DE YYUKE (Pas-de-Calais) BN tPYUMZHHH.

20 TEBPYUK 1944 TSNDYU YARYUK OEPBSHL HG ORRKH DMEI YAYNNPDHMHPNBYUMMSHU MYUYUDEMKHI USAAF X RAF MU MELEZHYSCH YUBKHYUZHNMMSC OPNLSHKEMMNYARE. schRKH MUKERSH HYARNPHYKH ONGFE MYUGBYUKH “The Big Week” - “ANKEYU MEDEK”. b SCHRNR DEME KHLEK LEYARN OEPBSHI MUKER RSHYaVKH YAYULNKERNB MU GYUBNDSH ON OPNHGBNDYARBS HYARPEAHREKEY B aPSMYABHYE, Oschersleben, aEPMAEPCE X KEIOZHHCE. gyu BPEL Big Week ASHKN ONREPЪMN 244 RЪFEKSHU ANLAYUPKHPNBYKHYU b-17 Х b-24 Х 33 KHYARPEAHREK SHCHYAINPRYU. ndMUYN ShchRKH MUAYETSKH YASHTSPYUKH BYUFMSCH PNKE B YANYPYUYEMHH YAHK kCHTRBYUTTE X NAKETSVHKH BSHYAYUDYS YANCHGMKHYNB B mNPLYUMDHH. SUSDKHBHEYA LERENPNKNTSKHVEYAYKHE SYAKNBKH ONKNFHKH YNMEZH Big Week. MN ONYAKE SHRKHU MYUKERNB kCHTRBYUTTE NOPIUBHREYA SFE ME YALNTSKKH.

oEPBSHI MUKER b-17 B YANOPNBNFDEMHH HYARPEAHREKEY MU aEPKHM HLEK LEYARN 4 LYUPRY 1944 TsNDYU. KHYARPEAHREKH P-51 Mustang YANOPNBNFDYUKH ANLAYUPDHPNBYKHYH B NANKHU MUOPYUBKEMKHU. xG-GYU YAKNFMSHU LERENPNKNTSKHVEYAYKHU SYAKNBHI ANLAYUPDHPNBYKHYH ONKSVHKH OPHYUG BEPMSRAY MYUGYUD. mN NDMN YPSHKN HG 29 B-17 ME ONKSVHKN OPKHYUGYU BNGBPYUYUREYAЪ X OPNDNKFHKH OSRE MU aEPKHM. BLEYARE I MHLH OPNDNKFHKYU KERERE H VYUYARE YAHK SCHYAINPRYU. B-17 YAAPNYAHKH ANLASH MU aEPKHM HYAONKEGNBUB YAHYARELS H2S.

b UNDE YURYUY KHYARPEAHREKEY kCHTRBYUTTE BN BPEL ONKERYU MYUGYUD ASHKN YAAHRN 23 KHYARPEAHREKY Mustang X OJRE b-17. 6 LYUPRYU 561 B-17 X 249 B-24 BMNBE YURYUNBYUKH aEPKHM. YANOPNBNFDEMKHE NYASYYARBKKKH HYARPEAHREKH Thunderbolt, Lightning X Mustang, YNRNPSHE YALEMKKH DPSTS DPSTSYU. KHYARPEAHREKH kCHTRBYUTTE NYUGYUKH ЪPNYARMNE YANOPNRKHBKEMKHE KH MU SHHRNR PYUG, YAAHB 69 B-17 X 11 SHYAINPRMSHU KHYARPEAHREKEY. b MYUVYUKE 1944 TsNDYu OPHNPHRERMSHLH NAZEYRYULH YURYUY YARYUKH OPEDOPHYRKH METREDNASHBYUCHYEI X METROEPEPEPUYURSHBYUCHYEI OPNLSHKEMMNYARH TSEPLUMKHH. SFE B YOOPEKE 15-Ъ BNGDSMYU YUPLH MYUMEYAKYU HG khRYUKXX SDYUP ON METRIMSHL OPNLSHYAKYUL OKNERKH B pSLSHMHH. 12 LYU 1944 TSNDYu ASHKKH MUVYURSH ANLAYUPDHPNBYKH METREDNASHBYUCHYKHU OPEDOPHYRKHI KH GYUBNDNB ON OPNKHGBNDYARBS YAHMRERKHVEYAYNTSN RNOKKHBYU MY REPPHRNPHHH TsEPLYUMXX. oPNRKHB 935 YULEPKHYUMYAYKH ANLAYUPKHPPNBYKHYNB MELZHSH APNYAHKH 400 HYARPEAHREKEY, NDMUYN YLEPHYUMYAYKHE HYARPEAHREKH YANOPNBNFDEMKH YASLEKH MYUMEYARKH OPNRKHBMKHYS GMYU VKHREKEMSHI SPNM (S MELZHEB ASHKN SMHVRNFEMN 65 LYUHM, YULEPKHYUMZHSH ONREPKKH 46 ANLAYUPKHPPNBYKHINB). ONYAKEDYARBKH SCHRKHU YURUY NYUGYUKHYAE DK TSEPLYUMXX YPYUIME RFEXHLH. RNKAIN GYU OEPBSHE DBYU LEYAZHYU YURYU DNSHVYU METRKH B TsEPLYUMXX YANIPYURKHKNYAE B DBYU PYUGYU.

yuLEPHYUMYAYU YUBKHYUZHKH OPNDNKFYUKYU MYUMNYAHRE SDYUPSH. 16 KhChM B MUKERE SVYARBNBUKN ANKEYE 1000 ANLAYUPKHPPNBYKHYNB B YANOPNBNFDEMKHH ONVRKH 800 KHYARPEAHREKEY, Yu 20 KhChM VHYAKN ANLAYUPKHPNBYKHKN B YANYARYUBKHKN 1361. MU YAKEDSCHIKHI DEME YANYARNKYA MYUKER MU AEPKHM. nDMNBPELEMMN DPSTSYU TSPSOOYULEPHYUMYAYKHU YYULNKERNB ONDBEPTSKYU ANLAYUPDHPNBYE METROEPEPEPUYURSHBUCHYKHE GYUBNDSH, ONYAKE VETSN YANBEPHKYU ONYYUDYS B yayaap. oNREPH YULEPKHYUMZHEB PNYAKKH, MN GURN BYA ANKEYE METREOEPEPYURSHBUCHYKHU GYUBNDNB BSHUNDHKN HG YARPN, VRN NYUGYUKN OYUTSSAMNE BNGDEYARBKHE MU YAMYUAFEMHE MELEZHYKHU bbya TsNPCHVH L. th YaEMRAPCH TSEPLYUMYAYU YUBKHYUZHKH, YNRNPNI YUY LHMHLSL RPEANBUKNYAE 160 RSHYaV RNMM BSHYANINNYRYUMNBNTsN AEMGHMYU B LEYAZH, ONKSVYUKYU BYAETSN NYNKN 10 RSHYA In RNMM.

nyanaemmn SYAOEMSHLH ASHKH ANLAYUPDHPNBYKH METR'MSHU ONKEY B okNE'RKH (Ploesti) B pSLSHMHKH, YNRNPSHE BSHDEPFYUKH BYAE OPEDSHDSYKHE ANLAYUPDHPNBYKH. th LNLEMRS GYUMRKH PUINMYU okNERRKH YANBERYAYHLKH BNIYAYULH ASHKN PYUGPSEMN 90% NANPSDNBYUMKH DK METREDNASHVKH. pYUGPSYEMKHE ZHEMRPNB OPNKHGBNDYARBU YAHMRERKHVEYAYNTSN RNOXBYU KHLEKN DNONKMHREKEMSHI BSHTSNDMSHI ONANVMSHI SHTTEYR YANYPYUYEEMKH ONYARYUBNY YUGNRYU H LERYUMNKYU, YNRNPSHE ASHKH MENAU NDHLSH OPH KHCTSNRNBKEMXX BGPSHBVURSHU BEYYYARB. ONYAKEBNEMMSHI NAGNP YARPURETSKHVEYAYKHU ANLAYUPDHPNBNNY (Strategic Bombing Survey) OPKHYEK Y BSHBNDS, VRN MYYARSOKEMKHE MU KHYARNVMKHYKH TSNPCHVETSN ASHKN MYUKHANKEE SHTTEIRKHBMSHL HG BYAU YARPURETSKHVEYA YHU ANLAYUPDHPNBNNY.

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sTSNKNY MEAYU. 2004

Main modifications of the Boeing B-17 “Flying Fortress”

The B-17, under the unofficial name “Flying Fortress,” was produced in the following modifications:

Y1B-17 is a pre-production aircraft. It was equipped with nine-cylinder engines with an air cooling system, five machine guns of 7.62 mm caliber, with a maximum bomb load of 3.63 tons. From January to August 1937, thirteen such machines were manufactured, another one, with an additional index “A” in the designation, was converted to a more powerful engine, intended to be used for statistical testing;
B-17B is an improved version of the Y1B-17A with similar small arms for nine crew members. The total number of copies produced was thirty-nine;
The B-17S is a vehicle with an engine power of 1200 horsepower, armed with five machine guns, and the number of crew members is similar. Thirty-eight bombers were produced, most of which (twenty units) were exported to Great Britain;
B-17D is an aircraft with similar engines and modified electrical circuitry. The number of machine guns is six. The bomb load and crew configuration are similar to the previous vehicle. A total of forty-two aircraft were produced and two B-17C bombers, which avoided being sent for export, were re-equipped to the specified version;
The B-17E is the first mass-produced model, with an extended fuselage, an increased stabilizer span, an introduced fork and some other improvements. The engines remained unchanged, the number of machine guns increased to eight, the weight of the bomb set was increased to 36.30 tons, and the crew was increased to ten people. The total number of aircraft produced was five hundred and twelve, of which forty-five were supplied to Great Britain;
The B-17F is an improved version that takes into account shortcomings identified during combat operations. For the latest series of aircraft, the engine power increased to 1,380 horsepower, the set of machine guns increased to nine, with additional weapons for the latest aircraft. The permissible weight of transported bombs increased to 4,355 tons, with the beginning of the use of bow bomb racks from the bottom of the center section. The total number of equipment built is 3405, delivered to the UK - forty-five;
B-17G is the most popular (classic) model with the technical characteristics described above. A total of 8,680 bombers were produced, eighty-five were delivered to Great Britain;
B-17H is a sea rescue vessel. About one hundred and thirty aircraft were equipped for these purposes;
F-9 - 71 - various versions of the B-17, used for photographic reconnaissance;
RV-1 - fifty vehicles of the B-17G modification were received by the Coast Guard from the Navy for use in search and rescue operations and radio detection.

Two passenger versions were produced in single copies and were used for transport purposes.

Boeing B-17H

Military users

Argentina Argentina
Bolivia Bolivia
Brazil Brazil: 13
Denmark Denmark
German Reich NS German Reich: about 40 captured aircraft
Dominican Republic Dominican Republic: 2
France France
Iran 1925 Iran
Israel Israel: 3
Japan Japan: some in the Philippines and the Dutch East Indies looted cars of early versions
Canada 1921 Canada
Colombia Colombia
Mexico Mexico
Nicaragua Nicaragua
Peru Peru
Portugal Portugal: 5 SB-17G for search and rescue from 1947 to 1960.
Taiwan Taiwan
Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia
Soviet Union Soviet Union
South Africa, 1928 Union of South Africa
US 48 US
United Kingdom United Kingdom

Combat use of the Boeing B-17 "Flying Fortress"

Initially, after the aircraft were delivered to the Navy in the second half of 1939, their main mission was anti-submarine patrol. In the first clashes with Japan, the United States suffered heavy losses, including various modifications of the B-17. Several surviving aircraft took part in the attack on Japanese convoys and were subsequently evacuated from the confrontation line.

In 1942, after the appearance of improved modifications, the B-17 performed well in operations on the Japanese front. And in 1943, bombers were successfully used in raids on Germany. However, the great vulnerability from attack by enemy fighters with the ensuing huge losses forced the American command to refrain from using bombers without fighter cover until such an opportunity arose. After this, in 1944, the aircraft were used with great efficiency with minor losses - no more than eleven aircraft out of two hundred.

Shortly before the end of the war, due to minor losses, there was even no need for the supply of new equipment.

Vitamin B17—a highly toxic poison or a panacea?

Vitamin B17, also known as lethril or amygdalin, is not very similar in structure to vitamins in the usual sense. The scientist who discovered it, Ernest Krebs, after years of research, proved the effectiveness of letril in the fight against cancer and, at the same time, absolute non-toxicity for a healthy body, but his research did not find the proper response in the scientific community. To support his theory, the scientist even injected himself with a high dose of vitamin B17, thereby proving that amygdalin does not harm healthy tissues, but even such a radical step did not force his colleagues to reconsider the generally accepted opinion.

And to this day, oncologists for the most part talk about the pronounced toxicity of the substance to the body, mentioning that it contains cyanide - the strongest poison for all living things. At the same time, turning to a chemistry course, you can understand that cyanide and hydrogen cyanide are completely different substances in structure and properties. Hydrogen cyanide, better known as hydrocyanic acid, is indeed extremely harmful, but vitamin B17 produces its formation in the body only under the influence of a special enzyme - b-glucosidase, which is found exclusively in cancer cells. That is, in an organism that does not have oncology, there is no necessary enzyme, which means there is no poisonous hydrocyanic acid.

Operators

Most of the B-17s produced were operated by the US Navy, but some were delivered to the UK. Several bombers fought in the USSR, some vehicles were captured and went to Germany and Japan

In the post-war years, the aircraft were exported to several European countries, including Denmark, Portugal and France, three unarmed units were unofficially sold to Israel, and there were deliveries to Latin America.

The total number of states operating the B-17 is twenty-two.

1. History
2Sections of the aircraft 2.1Tail section with tail unit and fuselage weapon racks
2.2Middle part of the fuselage with combat turret, radio room and bomb bay
2.3Bow with upper turret, cabin and bow compartment

3B-17 crew - duties and equipment

3.1 Crew members and their responsibilities

3.2 Protective clothing

3.3 Instruments and weapons

3.4Armor protection of the B-17F

3.5 B-17F carried ammunition

4Use in the British Air Force

5Significant stakes

6Use in the German Air Force

7Versions

8production

9Military users