No matter what margin of safety the designers put into the mechanism they created, breakdowns of individual samples are inevitable. This largely applies to air guns. Rifle pneumatics are much less reliable than combat-style mechanics - the circuit, saturated with valves and o-rings, is susceptible to various types of failures.
Let's consider ways to independently troubleshoot problems in popular weight and size pneumatic copies of Makarov and Tokarev pistols (PM and TT)
Defects of a gas cylinder gun (CO2)
The structure for diagnosing a non-working sample is standard - first you need to determine the problem, and only after that begin to eliminate it. The method of “disassembling the gun completely, and then you’ll see” is not suitable. The fault detection steps for various causes are as follows:
- poisons gas from the cylinder - check the place where the gas is released from the magazine by immersing it in a container of water (preferably with alcohol, so that it evaporates faster). After this, the leak will be easily visible visually. The repair will consist of replacing the rubber seals at the sealing point of the cylinder and the pneumatic chamber;
- low bullet speed - look to see if the barrel gasket is damaged. The problem is often solved by replacing it;
- balls sticking into each other when shooting or they fly out of the barrel in pairs - the problem may lie in a deformed barrel gasket or a magazine spring that is too powerful;
- The trigger mechanism does not work - shake the gun in a quiet room. If an extraneous sound is heard from inside, similar to the knocking of metal fragments, it means that the parts are broken and need to be replaced (including the spring);
- the cylinder is enough for a small number of shots - listen to see if the cylinder hisses (whether the gas is released). Place a drop of alcohol on the rubber seals in the gun - if gas escapes, the gaskets must be replaced;
- visual damage - finding chips, cracks and shifts of sighting devices.
Common faults
Most often, repairing pneumatics consists of installing new seals instead of deformed ones and replacing a dead spring. When installing sealing gaskets, they must be carefully removed from their seats.
Excessive haste often leads to the appearance of chips in the areas of contact between the metal surface and the seal, this negatively affects the tightness.
To get rid of air leaks, the gaskets can be treated with silicone grease. You should not use VD-40, a popular product among car enthusiasts, as it destroys rubber seals.
To install a new recoil spring, you need to partially disassemble the weapon. Installing the bullet feeder spring in the magazine is more labor-intensive, since the magazine will need to be completely disassembled. To replace broken elements of the trigger mechanism, the weapon must also be completely disassembled.
If the purchased pistol initially has a low initial bullet velocity, it is worth inspecting the weapon for the presence of a gap between the top of the clip and the barrel channel. The larger the gap, the more air is wasted.
To eliminate the gap, a thin silicone gasket is glued to the breech side of the barrel channel or the factory bushing in the barrel is replaced with one made of fluoroplastic. Getting rid of the gap will increase the speed of the ball by almost 20%.
Cleaning and lubrication - general recommendations
Umarex Airgun Cleaning Kit
When disassembling the pistol, you must follow the manufacturer's instructions specified in the weapon's passport. Cleaning and lubrication is carried out in several stages:
- wiping the barrel with a piece of oily rag on a cleaning rod until foreign deposits are completely removed (especially lead when using lead shot - 4.5 mm or “00”). Finally, the remaining lubricant is wiped dry with a cloth;
- lubrication of the trigger mechanism (trigger mechanism) . In practice, this is conveniently done by adding a drop of oil on top of the moving parts, after which it is advisable to fire several blank shots. The trigger should not be completely disassembled unless necessary;
- removing excess traces of oil from the surface of the gun without wiping it dry. This will allow the oil to form a thin film that protects the metal surface from corrosion.
Now let's look at specific tips for correcting breakdowns and defects of popular air pistols - heavy-duty clones of well-known firearms.
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Device and circuit
During the manufacture of this model, parts from a real PM are used, this gives the air pistol the closest appearance to a combat pistol. The barrel is slightly shortened and extends beyond the muzzle, which creates the appearance of a real 9 mm caliber. The most obvious difference between the MP54K and the Makarov pistol is the absence of an ejector for spent cartridges.
The operating principle of pneumatics is significantly reminiscent of military weapons. The mail trigger has not undergone any changes, it just lacks a firing pin. The magazine was also changed, it was modified to be equipped with balls and a place was made for installing a gas cartridge.
Features:
- a can of carbon dioxide is placed in the holder and tightened until it is pierced with a needle;
- carbon dioxide in the can begins to change from a liquid state to a compressed state, and is located in a sealed container;
- the balls are installed in a cage that has a feeder and a spring;
- when you press the trigger, the trigger hits the valve, which releases a certain portion of gas;
- the escaping carbon dioxide has high pressure, acting on the bullet and pushing it out of the barrel at a certain speed.
Before transportation, the weapon must be unloaded - for which it is necessary to shoot the remaining bullets in the clip and carefully unscrew the cylinder with the remaining carbon dioxide.
Performance characteristics:
- Initial flight speed – 115 m/s.
- Caliber – 4.5 mm. Copper-plated explosive balls or lead shot of the appropriate diameter can be used as ammunition.
- Weight – 730 g.
- The number of cartridges in the magazine is 13 pieces. The holder also contains a device for breaking through and attaching a gas cartridge. One cylinder is enough for about 70 shots, then the air pressure is not enough for the normal trajectory of the bullet.
- The case material is weapon steel, the handle lining is plastic.
- Dimensions (LxHxW) – 16.9x14.5x3.5 cm.
- The trigger mechanism is double.
- The barrel is metal, with rifling.
- The standard sight is an open, non-adjustable front and rear sight.
- The fuse is mechanical.
The main advantages of this model include simplicity of design, recognizable appearance and high initial speed of the bullet. This made the pistol the most popular among airgun enthusiasts.
Ease of partial disassembly and ease of maintenance minimize labor costs when caring for the gun. Multi-charging makes it possible to fire several shots in a row without being distracted by frequent charging.
The disadvantages of the model include:
- a problem common to all gas-cylinder air pistols, which is associated with a decrease in the temperature in the can during active shooting, which leads to a significant decrease in the initial speed;
- not always high quality workmanship;
- possible defects in some pistols that impair the tightness of the gas fittings;
- quite high cost;
- inaccurate resemblance to a combat PM - an experienced person can see the absence of an ejector and a screw installed to press the canister from below on the handle;
- It is not possible to install sighting equipment other than a laser pointer on the front of the trigger guard.
Despite some shortcomings, they are not at all critical for recreational shooting. You can increase the initial take-off speed and reduce barrel wear if you use lead shot. A small modernization to improve the tightness will not take much time, but will help in practice to understand the design of the weapon. Timely maintenance increases the service life of the gun - pneumatics need to be lubricated and cleaned.
Repair of air pistol MP 654K
This sample is a domestic pneumatic version of the Makarov pistol. Its design is reminiscent of the original combat model, but is radically different in the elements of the gas cylinder system used.
Sights
The MP 654K model has non-adjustable sights - they are structurally part of the bolt frame.
They are very difficult to damage, and the only way to repair them is to contact a good welder.
The welded parts will have to be finished with a file and coated with a bluing mixture.
Trigger mechanism
The main problem with the gun is that individual parts break when the ball gets inside the body. Despite the apparent strength, the load on the metal of the trigger when the spring is unclamped is very significant. Correction of the malfunction is achieved by complete disassembly and replacement of parts with new ones.
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If the problem is eliminating gas leaks from the cylinder, it is necessary to replace the seals where it contacts the gun body. To change the spring stiffness, you can stretch it (this will help for a short time, at most until you buy a new one), or better yet, replace it.
A strong spring can be shortened, but this should be done gradually so as not to remove excess turns.
Air valve
You should pay attention to two aspects - replacing the spring and the valve itself. You have to buy a new spring when it becomes corroded (very rarely), while a worn valve is often replaced with a new one from the spare parts kit.
Replacing the mainspring
A broken spring forces the pistol to be disassembled almost completely. In this case, it is necessary not only to follow the instructions, but also to become familiar with the process visually.
One example of a short training video on assembling the MP 654K:
Repair of air pistol PM 49
Another popular pneumatic “clone” of the Makarov pistol was released by a Chinese manufacturer. Despite its ease of use and good accuracy, the model is less reliable and more difficult to maintain than the Izhevsk system.
Sights
As in the original, you can only ruin the sights on a pistol with a huge amount of bad luck. Repair still involves welding (or soldering) and finishing with a file.
Trigger mechanism
Another difference between the Chinese version of the “pneumatic PM” is the presence of a large number of parts and mounting screws. To replace trigger elements or even remove a ball that has rolled into it, you will have to go through a disassembly procedure that is tedious for beginners.
A visual guide to disassembling and assembling the PM 49 is here:
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The main problem is usually not that the spring is too strong or weak, but that the seals are not tight enough. After finding the leak, you can start replacing the gaskets (they can be difficult to find on sale, you have to cut them out yourself). To reduce the load on the seals and prevent their premature failure, it is recommended to wipe the bottle neck before use with a rag soaked in silicone oil.
Air valve
Unlike the MP 654K, the PM 49 model does not have high strength components and gaskets fixed in the grooves.
When removing a partially filled cylinder, you may be left without the entire assembly due to residual gas pressure.
Metal parts that are not available in domestic markets can be found in Chinese online stores.
Replacing the mainspring
Since replacing a part requires complete disassembly, do it on a light-colored material (a piece of sheet or towel). It is advisable to use a separate blanket for such purposes - this way you can avoid accidental loss of screws or small parts.
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Repair stages:
- 1. Call the service center or write to us by email. Describe the problem, indicate the model of your rifle or pistol.
- 2. The technician will advise you on the approximate cost of repairs and invite you to the service center.
- 3. In the workshop, after diagnostics, the exact price and timing of the work will be announced. Which agree with you.
- 4. After completing the work, the master will contact you and you can take your air gun home.
Proper prevention of air guns
The rifle should not be oiled at home. Not all gun lubricants are suitable for such a device. It's rare to find high-quality spare parts in a gun and accessories store. They are often unoriginal and of unknown origin. Many branded spare parts are only available at an authorized service center. If your rifle requires maintenance, take it to a specialist. In order to maintain the functionality of the weapon for a long time, it is enough to store it in accordance with the recommendations src=»https://remont-pnevmatiki.com/uploads/foto/remont-pnevmatiki-foto-26.png» class=»aligncenter» width=»618 ″ height=”341″[/img]
It is better to store weapons in a safe and do not use them in the cold or at extremely high temperatures. It is not recommended to trust the operation of the rifle to people who do not have any experience in handling pneumatic weapons.
When should you contact a service center?
An air gun repair specialist will help you do a complete preventive maintenance, carry out diagnostics in case of breakdowns, select parts and repair the device. If your weapon is broken and functional parts need to be replaced, it is better to contact a workshop. Here you will receive a guarantee, reliable components will be installed on the rifle, and the contractor will perform associated preventative maintenance. Restoration of any models of air rifles and weapons of any age is available.
Workshop address and contacts
The service is located in Moscow, within walking distance from the Tekstilshchiki metro station (about 2-3 minutes on foot). Also, the nearest stations to us are Volzhskaya, Kuzminki, Tekstilshchiki and Pechatniki. There is free parking on site at the store. Exact address: st. Lyublinskaya, building 9, building 3. Before arriving, be sure to coordinate the time of your visit by calling 8 (499) 641-12-17 .
If you arrive without calling, there is a chance that you will not get into the workshop, and the likelihood of urgent repairs also decreases. Directions to the workshop: Within walking distance:
- from Tekstilshchiki metro station - 350 meters;
- TsMD Tekstilshchiki station - 520 meters.
You can also get to the workshop by bus:
- From Tekstilshchiki TsMD station: bus 234 - 1 stop;
- From Ugreshskaya metro station: buses M89, T38 - 3 stops;
- From Kuzminki metro station: bus 99 - 4 stops, bus 159 - 6 stops;
- From Volgogradsky Prospekt metro station: bus 99, trolleybus 27 - 4 stops;
- From Pechatniki metro station: buses 161, 193 - 4 stops.
The second service center for the repair of pneumatics is located near the Molodezhnaya metro station (JSC): Telephone: 8 (499) 149-17-57 Opening hours : Mon-Sun, from 10:00 to 20:00 Workshop address - Moscow, Yartsevskaya st. , 4 (Molodezhnaya metro station) Before arriving, be sure to agree on the time of your visit by phone. If you arrive without calling, there is a chance that you will not get into the workshop, and the likelihood of urgent repairs also decreases. Directions to the workshop: How to get to the workshop (5-10 minutes by public transport):
- From Molodezhnaya metro station: bus 794, minibus Auchan-7 - 1 stop, buses 73, 127, 464, 825, minibus 597 - 2 stops, bus 127B - 3 stops
- From the railway station Rabochy Poselok: bus 127B - 2 stops, bus 73 - 3 stops
- From the railway station Setun: buses 794, 794K - 3 stops
- From Kuntsevskaya metro station: bus 58 - 8 stops
Service center technicians:
1. Viktor Vladimirovich Orekhov Turner - mechanic. 7 years of experience in repairing air guns. Conducts diagnostics and carries out the entire range of work. 2. Sergey Nikolaevich Borodin Chief specialist. He is a retired military man and has been repairing weapons for more than 10 years. He is well versed in both pneumatics and airsoft, signal and cooled weapons. 3. Igor Petrovich Voznesensky Technician, electrician. A universal specialist, well versed in the operating features of airsoft weapon drives. 9 years of experience in repairing air rifles and pistols.
Repair of TT air pistol
A rather interesting and structurally complex development is the pneumatic version of the TT pistol. Its design ensures reliable operation of the gas system, which, if necessary, will be quite problematic to repair.
Sights
TT sights - rear sight and front sight
The rear sight and front sight of the pneumatic “analogue” of the Tula Tokarev are unregulated and can be repaired in the same way as in the Makarov pistol. The maximum that you can do yourself is to correct the slot in the rear sight with a needle file, moving the middle point of impact. This operation is not recommended for beginners, at least after a couple of thousand shots, when the shooter knows all the intricacies of his weapon.
Trigger mechanism
A distinctive feature of the pistol is the small number of moving parts and the absence of a powerful mainspring, so breakdown of the trigger mechanism is extremely unlikely.
You can see how the USM works in the video:
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The original scheme, according to which the magazine is arranged separately from the gas supply system, reduces the adjustment and repair of the magazine to replacing the supply spring. The tightness of the cylinder puncture unit usually does not cause any complaints, and therefore requires only periodic visual inspection.
Air valve
The differences between the pneumatic TT and the much-loved PM model lie in the widespread use of pins and screws. To get to any part of the pistol, you must disassemble the bolt group or handle .
Replacing the mainspring
Since there is no powerful mainspring on the pistol, the repair consists of replacing one of two simple springs (see video about the operation of the trigger). Complete disassembly of a pneumatic TT is too difficult for novice users. If you suspect a serious breakdown, the best solution is to contact a repair center.
In case of major damage to the pistol, it is advisable to purchase a used model and make one working pistol out of two pistols.
For most DIY repairs, the standard diagnostic scheme and our advice are quite suitable. We hope that they will be useful not only in troubleshooting, but also in choosing a model - it is always better to initially know what you may encounter during operation.
