Review of the TOZ-78 small-caliber carbine

Design of TOZ-8

Rifle barrel

The barrel bore has four screw grooves, each with two turns.
The length of the rifling stroke is 35 centimeters. The rifle number and year of manufacture can be found on the sighting block, which is located on the Toz-8 barrel. The base of the front sight is installed in a longitudinal groove on the front of the barrel. There are two longitudinal grooves on the back of the barrel; they are made for an aiming block. There is also a special stump at the back, to which the receiver is attached using a pin. The barrel and stock are secured with a screw, which is screwed into a transverse groove on the front of the receiver.

Rifle receiver

The bolt and liner are placed in the receiver. The box acts as a base for the firing mechanism. It is made in the form of a simple pipe that looks like an extension of the trunk. The receiver is attached to the stock with a tail screw, which is screwed into the rear part (into the “tail”).

There is a window on the outside that is used for inserting cartridges and ejecting cartridges.

Rifle insert

It is located in the receiver and secured with a trigger spring. Created for:

• Directions of the cartridge into the chamber when loading;
• Reflections of cartridges during ejection after a shot;
• Shutter directions when moving forward.

Trigger mechanism

The design of the trigger includes: a trigger, a trigger spring with a stand, a screw and an axis. When the trigger is released from cocking, the spring strut is recessed by the trigger. The trigger is connected by a spring using an axis. The spring is retracted down due to two protrusions on the hook. There is a limit to the movement of the tail, which is provided by a protrusion on the front of the trigger.

The trigger spring ensures that the trigger is cocked and limits the rearward movement of the bolt. It is attached to the receiver with a screw. There is a hole at the rear end through which the axle passes for attachment to the trigger. There are two cuts at the top of the spring: the first is for fixing the hammer in cocking, the second is for limiting the movement of the bolt back.

The trigger guard is attached to the forend with two screws. The trigger passes through a metal spacer with holes under the heels. The hole restricts rearward movement of the trigger.

TOZ-8 sight

The sighting mechanism consists of:

• Aiming block. Used to fix the pin and strengthen the sighting bar spring;
• Sighting bar. Equipped with a mane with a slot used for aiming. The sighting mechanism can be adjusted for shooting at various distances - from 25 to 250 meters. The side edges of the strip are equipped with cutouts for attaching a clamp;
• Clamp;
• Sighting bar spring. Fixes the bar in the required position;
• Front sight.

Gate

The bolt sends the cartridge into the chamber, closes the bore, ejects the cartridge case of the spent charge and is an important element in firing shots. Comprises:

• Combat larva. It is the connecting link of all elements of the shutter. On the right and left there are two grooves for the ejector and sleeve deflector. The larva is equipped with a special cup for placing the ammunition cap. The ejector and reflector sleeve axes are placed in vertical holes. The rammer is located below. The movement of the shutter is limited by a ledge on the rear lower part of the combat cylinder. The stem of the bolt is placed on the stump of the combat larva. Inside it there is a channel for the drummer;
• Ejector. Ejects cartridges from the chamber and receiver using a reflector;
• Sleeve reflector. Fixes the cartridge in the calyx of the larva;
• Bolt. Equipped with a hole through which a pin passes to secure the firing pin with the coupling and the combat cylinder. There are two small and two large cutouts. The large ones are used to pull the trigger back, the small ones to limit the rotation of the stem.

Impact mechanism

The design of the impact mechanism includes:

• Trigger. Designed to install a firing pin on a combat platoon. Attached to the firing pin with threaded holes and a pin;
• Drummer;
• Action spring;
• Clutch. Connects the striker to the combat cylinder;
• Lodge. Connects all parts of the carbine and is responsible for the ease of use of the Toz-8.

History of creation

The development of improved weapons, designed to replace the aging TOZ-17 and TOZ-18 rifles, began at the design bureau of the Tula Arms Plant in the early 80s. The first prototypes of the rifle, called TOZ-78, appeared in 1986. It was planned to use 5.6 mm cartridges with a cartridge case equipped with a ring igniter as ammunition. The cartridge provided a firing range of more than 100 m. Serial production of the weapon began a year later, but TOZ-78 began to appear en masse only in 1990.

The weapon differed from its predecessors in its original method of locking the barrel, which had not previously been used on small-caliber rifles. Reliable locking of the bolt made it possible to increase the power of the powder charge and increase the operating pressure in the barrel. The barrel design of the TOZ-78 is guaranteed to withstand pressures of up to 2000 atm, which is 50% higher than that of imported weapons. The bore has six rifling.

The basic rifle for applied all-around was designated TOZ-78V, the standard version was designated 78C. For exercises in the “Running Boar” category, the 78BK version was supplied, and for biathletes the TOZ-78BI was produced. All rifle models are unified among themselves in terms of the bolt, barrel housing and trigger mechanism. A carbine for commercial hunting was developed on the basis of a sports rifle.

Description of the features of types of weapons:

• TOZ-78 model, supplied with an optical sight, two 5-round and two 10-round magazines;
• model TOZ-78-01, characterized by a stripped-down package - no optical sight, included with one magazine for 5 and 10 rounds;
• model TOZ-78-02, equipped with an optical sight;
• model TOZ-78-03, has an open sight;
• model TOZ-78-04, for export, the muzzle section of the barrel has a thread for installing a weighting agent;
• model TOZ-78-05, a specially weighted version, has the ability to aim only using optics;
• model TOZ-78-06, version 05, intended for export, is distinguished by threading on the muzzle of the barrel;
• model TOZ-78-14, produced by order of Browning-Winchester, is equipped with a barrel length of 536 mm and an outer diameter of 21 mm;
• model TOZ-78-15 with a barrel thickened to 21 mm, intended for the domestic market;
• model TOZ-78-17, characterized by a non-adjustable trigger.

All options can be supplied in a custom souvenir design, distinguished by carvings on wooden parts, hand engraving and inlay with elements made of precious metals.

Specifications

The tactical and technical characteristics of a small-caliber rifle are not particularly outstanding (at least for small ones). In the TOZ-78 weapons passport you can find a table with the following performance characteristics:

TOZ-78 carbine with case
Also, owners will be pleased with the fact that the deviation of a ballistic projectile from a given course at an average distance (up to 50 meters) is no more than 50 millimeters - a very good indicator for a small-caliber carbine. So the use of optics is very relevant.

Disassembling the TOZ-8 rifle

Incomplete disassembly

It is carried out according to the following algorithm:

• Receiver cap compartment. The finger of the left hand must be pressed on the trigger when the rifle is held by the neck of the stock with the left hand. After this, with your right hand you need to turn the shutter handle as far as possible to the left and up. The bolt is pulled back, easily hits the cap to move it from its place, after which it can be removed from the receiver;
• Removing the shutter. This happens by pressing the trigger (it’s more convenient to do this with the index finger of your left hand) and holding the handle. No effort is required, the shutter can be removed easily;
• Disassembling the shutter. A detailed algorithm with images should be included in the instructions with the gun;
• Removing the trigger. It is not recommended to do this yourself. It is better to entrust the trigger separation to a professional if it is necessary to replace the mainspring, firing pin or clutch;
• Removing the ejector and reflector sleeve. Use a small metal hammer to knock out the stud. After this, the ejector and sleeve ejector are easily removed from their places.

Complete disassembly

It is carried out according to the following algorithm:

• Incomplete disassembly;
• Separation of the barrel from the stock. Having placed the Toz-8 small-caliber rifle with the barrel up, you need to firmly fix it with your left hand, after which you can unscrew the stop screw. Then the carabiner must be placed in a horizontal position and, holding it with your left hand, unscrew the tail screw. Having placed your finger in the receiver, you need to carefully lift it up and remove the barrel;
• Removing the trigger mechanism. The gun must be fixed in the “sight down” position, fix the receiver with your left hand, and unscrew the trigger spring screw. After this, it is easy to separate the trigger mechanism;
• Removing the liner. The carbine is fixed in the “sight up” position. Push the liner with a small stick, after which it will fly out of the receiver channel.

The gun is assembled in the reverse order (in cases with complete and incomplete disassembly).

Rifle design features

Appearance of the rifle left and right

The design features of the Toz-78 carbine are associated with its reliability and ease of operation

Attention has been paid to increasing the strength of the barrel, which allows the use of any rimfire ammunition without damaging the weapon, including high-power cartridges. At the same time, this decision led to the weighting of the rifle

The carbine bolt is a longitudinally sliding rotary one. It has a rigid mainspring, which significantly protected the rifle from the influence of weather conditions. Thanks to the tightness, accidental entry of dirt or moisture into the interior is prevented. At the same time, the mechanism itself remains convenient, and reloading is carried out without significant effort.

The trigger mechanism is adjusted with special screws in front of the hook. The front one adjusts the trigger force, the rear one adjusts its travel. There is a cocking indicator, at which the firing pin extends back behind the inclined end of the cap. When the trigger is pulled, the ends of the firing pin and the cap coincide.

The rifle is powered by sector single-row magazines with 5 and 10 rounds. The absence of their realignment reduces the risk of misfire or jamming during reloading. The magazine itself is fixed easily, without additional clamps.

Mechanical and optical devices are provided for aiming. The first includes a closed front sight, adjustable vertically and horizontally. There is also an open four-position sight, adjustable for shooting within 25, 50, 75 and 100 meters.

In addition to mechanical aiming, a 2.5x optical device is also used. It is mounted on a bracket and can be moved around the receiver depending on convenience. The placement of optics does not exclude aiming using a mechanical device.

The stock can be standard or made to order with inlay. Light alloys and composite materials are used in a number of parts and mechanisms to improve reliability and convenience. The guaranteed service life of the rifle is 15 thousand shots.

Design

The design of the rifle (see diagram in the figure) TOZ-78 is what has undergone modernization more than anything else combined. Over many years of operation, Tula Arms Plant PJSC tried to adhere to the same pattern of rifle production. However, the new Tozovka received several serious improvements that had a positive impact on its characteristics.

USM and fuse

When creating the TOZ-78, engineers tried to incorporate into the design of the model maximum safety when using weapons. For this purpose, an automatic safety was installed, which was activated when the trigger was cocked using the bolt frame. Also, to ensure reliable locking of the receiver when loaded, a special system of grooves and protrusions was provided.

The trigger mechanism of the small gun has also undergone some changes. Firstly, the mainsprings were strengthened, thanks to which the rifle began to have a sharper action and increased power. Secondly, the number of pins and couplings in the USM was reduced by about half, which slightly reduced its strength, but now the owners did not have to suffer for several hours with its disassembly and assembly.

Shop

The TOZ-78 magazine comes in two versions: 5 or 10 rounds. To connect the part with the receiver there is a sector design, characterized by increased strength and reliability. Also, due to the absence of various schemes for rebuilding cartridges in the magazine, the engineers managed to achieve faster reloading of the rifle: the rate of fire began to be about 35 rounds per minute.

Sights

The standard sighting device uses a fixed front sight and an adjustable rear sight, located on an 11-mm dovetail sighting bar. However, most hunters agree that an open sight is not suitable for the small TOZ-78, so they prefer to purchase configurations with installed optics or carry out the upgrade themselves. The preferred magnification for the “body kit” is 6x for shooting from 100 to 150 meters.

Carbine stock

The TOZ-78 stock is manufactured in two versions: classic rifle and pistol. In both cases, birch board is used as the material. Before assembly, the stock is treated with a layer of transparent varnish, which increases the service life of the weapon. The insertion of metal into wood is done quite well: there are no gaps or cracks. The rear part of the butt is equipped with a rubber or plastic shock absorber.

Technical characteristics Toz

Toz-78 without an optical sight with a loaded magazine.
Technical characteristics of Toz-78 are presented by the following values:

• weapon weight - 2.7-3 kg;
• total length - 1000 mm;
• barrel length - 536 mm;
• width - 80 mm;
• height without optical sight - 210 mm;
• cartridges - .22 Long Rifle;
• caliber - 5.6 mm;
• operating principle - sliding shutter;
• rate of fire - up to 30 rounds per minute;
• initial bullet speed - 300 m/s;
• sighting and maximum range of destruction - 100 and 300 meters, respectively;
• food - sector magazine for 5 or 10 rounds.

The given performance characteristics of the carbine refer to the main model. Despite the weight of the rifle compared to its predecessors, the carbine showed excellent performance already in the first samples. With each modification they were refined, however, a number of indicators remained common.

TOZ 78-01 M – small-caliber carbine for amateur and professional hunting

The TOZ 78-01 M carbine is a modification of the basic TOZ 78 carbine. The carbine is intended for professional and amateur hunting at ambient temperatures from + 50 °C to -30 °C, as well as for novice athletes and recreational shooting at non-standard targets. For shooting, sports and hunting rimfire cartridges of 5.6 mm .22LR caliber are used. The shutter is a sliding type with rotation when locked. The hammer is cocked when the handle is turned during the unlocking process. And the trigger rests on the sear when locked.

Tuning

Improvements to such a model essentially come down to tailoring the gun “to suit you.”

• The simple design allows you to solder the front sight to increase the height, carry out bedding to better attach the stock to the barrel, and grind the trigger mechanism.
• A very common improvement is the installation of a rubber butt pad, which improves grip and softens recoil.
• Among the problems associated with the use of a carbine, the only known possibility is that the cartridges get stuck in severe frost - at -25–35 C. Craftsmen in this case modernize the bolt by replacing the rather weak extractor springs.

Reviews and prices for the small carbine TOZ-78 (01, 05, 06, etc.) are given below.

Tuning and improvement options

In the eyes of the owners, TOZ-78 represents a good base for modifications. If desired, the rifle can be changed beyond recognition by installing a body kit on it or polishing the trigger, increasing the technical characteristics. However, in the following list you will find those upgrade options that are most often carried out by owners of small-caliber rifles:

1. Grinding the trigger mechanism.
2. Bedding for better fastening of the stock with metal.
3. Increasing the height of the front sight.
4. Installing a rubber backplate instead of a plastic one.
5. Replacing the extractor springs with reinforced ones.
6. Installing an optical sight (you will have to remove the front sight so as not to interfere with your view).

The TOZ-78 small-caliber carbine is an excellent choice for those who like to hunt fur-bearing animals and birds using an optical sight. However, if you are not ready to carry out the conversion to normal combat, or if the appearance of the rifle is primarily important to you, it is better not to purchase this model. For those who value reliability, safety and a wide range of upgrade options, the TOZ-78 will be an excellent companion for many years.

Device

The TOZ-78 carbine is equipped with a collapsible bolt design. The sliding gate is located on the breech of the barrel. Locking requires turning the stem using a handle. When locked, the bolt is fixed by two lugs located in parallel. There is an additional latch that fits into a groove made in the receiver.

Manually unlocking the bolt after firing by turning the stem puts the spring into action. After this, the bolt is sharply pulled back to remove the spent cartridge case from the chamber cavity. The reverse stroke of the stem feeds a new cartridge into the chamber and pretenses the mainspring. The supply of ammunition is located in a sector magazine designed for 5 or 10 shots.

The magazines ensure a uniform supply of ammunition without jamming the cartridges or deforming the bullets. Removing an empty magazine is done by pressing the release button. To perform a number of sports exercises, it is possible to install a special tray that allows for rapid manual reloading of one cartridge at a time.

The trigger mechanism uses a special device that allows you to adjust the force and stroke length. Adjustment is made using screws located parallel in front of the hook. The first screw allows you to change the force on the hook, which increases as the screw is tightened. The range of forces on the trigger lies in the range of 0.45-2.0 kg.

The second screw changes the stroke of the trigger; tightening the screw leads to a decrease in the stroke. Models TOZ-78 and TOZ-78-01 are not equipped with a stroke adjustment screw, and TOZ-78-17 has a trigger mechanism without adjustments. The rifle sear is equipped with a safety lock (interceptor), which prevents an accidental shot as a result of the weapon falling.

TOZ-78V rifles are equipped with an open sight, while carbines may have a closed sight, rectangular in shape. It is possible to adjust the front sight in two directions, which increases shooting accuracy. An adjustable drum rear sight is installed closer to the breech of the barrel.

Fixed aiming distances are marked on the rear sight - 25, 50, 75 and 100 m. An optical sight with a magnification of 2.5 times is mounted through brackets installed in longitudinal grooves. The use of optics does not exclude the possibility of aiming using a front sight. To do this, the sight moves forward along the barrel box.

The safety lever is located under the bolt part of the carbine. The safety simultaneously blocks the trigger and the bolt stem. When the safety is off, a red dot is visible on the side of the trigger mechanism. Turning the lever closes the mark, and a special safety lock fits into the groove of the bolt, blocking its movement.

The carabiner has an indicator of the charged state of the spring, which increases operational safety. The cocked hammer moves the firing pin beyond the end of the bolt. If the trigger is in the lowered state, then the firing pin is flush with the end plane of the bolt. The butt is made in the form of a single part with the fore-end.

Pistol type carbine stock. The material used is beech wood or walnut. The TOZ-78BK variant is equipped with an adjustable butt cheek. Adjustment is carried out vertically and horizontally. The barrel is equipped with an adjustable balancing weight. The butt of the TOZ-78BI biathlon rifle has three standard places on the right side for storing 5-round magazines.

Characteristics of a hunting rifle

• The barrel is made using the most modern technologies, so its strength and reliability have increased. It is heavier in weight than earlier models. It reaches 536 mm in length.
• The valve is a typical sliding type, also called a bolt valve. It is connected to the mainspring and cocks it.

• The mainspring is very stiff, but this does not mean that turning the bolt will be difficult. Cocking the spring and reloading is done with almost one finger without much effort.
• The sighting device consists of a front sight and rear sight, and some modifications have an optical sight. The front sight can be adjusted vertically and horizontally, and the rear sight has four positions to adjust shooting at distances of 25, 50, 75 and 100 meters.
• The weapon has a mechanical safety lock, which eliminates the possibility of accidental shots.
• The stock of the carbine is made of wood like a pistol. As a rule, birch is used as a material, but beech or walnut is used for export. Some examples may have a butt with a cheekpiece.
• The design has special cocking indicators that signal the carbine's combat readiness. When the trigger is cocked, the firing pin is located behind the end of the bolt, but otherwise it is flush with the end.
• The shooting cartridges are placed in a magazine that can hold five or ten rounds. The magazine is a sector type and can be removed using a special latch.
• The release stroke of the hook and the pressing force on it can be adjusted using two screws located in front of the trigger.
• The entire length of the weapon reaches only 1000 mm.
• The weight of the carbine reaches 2.5-2.7 kg, but can approach up to three kilograms, since there are different configurations for the number of cartridges in the magazine and the presence of an optical sight.

Design and equipment of the TOZ 78-01 M carbine

The rear sight is drum type, graduated for shooting at 25, 50, 75 and 100 meters. The front sight is closed, adjustable horizontally and vertically. The trigger mechanism is unregulated. The stock is wooden, with a pistol-type grip. The wood used is beech, birch, and walnut. It is possible to produce a limited edition of laminate in various colors. It is possible to install an optical sight. For this purpose, a dovetail protrusion measuring 11 mm is made on top of the box. The carbine is equipped with two quick-release magazines with a capacity of 5 rounds and two magazines with a capacity of 10 rounds, which makes it more convenient to use.

Characteristics of TOZ 78-01 M

TOZ 78-01 M is a lightweight rifle with excellent balance.

• The weight of the carbine is no more than 2.7 kg.
• Carbine length – 1000 mm, width – 80 mm, height – 210 mm.
• Barrel length – 536 mm.
• The trigger force is unregulated, ranging from 1.6 to 2.2 kg.

The diameter of bullet dispersion (firing accuracy) with sporting and hunting cartridges at a distance of 50 meters is no more than 50 mm. The deviation of the average point of impact (MIP) from the aiming point (firing accuracy) at a range of 50 meters is no more than 30 mm, at a distance of 100 meters – no more than 60 mm. The warranty operating time of the product is 3000 shots, the operating time before the limiting state occurs depends on maintenance and operating conditions, it is not regulated by the factory and is approximately 15,000 - 20,000 shots. The TOZ 78-04 M carbine differs from the TOZ 78-01 M by the presence of threads on the muzzle of the barrel, designed for installation of various muzzle devices, for example PDTC. The TOZ 78 series carbine is popular in Russia, the CIS countries and abroad. A model chambered for the .22 WMR cartridge is currently being developed. To purchase a carbine, a license to purchase a hunting weapon with a rifled barrel is required.

TOZ-78 stock and options for its modifications

The TOZ-78 pistol stock is made of high-quality birch. Before assembling the gun, the stock is coated with a thick layer of transparent varnish. The forend and neck of the stock have a notch. Although the wood itself is of high quality, assembling the stock is not for aesthetes. Questions often arise about inserting metal into wood, sometimes the barrel of a weapon is simply not hung, and this is not the biggest problem that can happen to a TOZ-78 barrel. Sometimes it can also be driven due to contact between the metal and the wood of the stock.

Some hunters complain that the stock is not very comfortable and modify it on their own. Refinement of the stock consists of the following operations:

• You can make a special cutout for the thumb of the right hand;
• To eliminate contact between the stock and the barrel, you should cut off excess wood from the stock, or install several washers at the junction of the receiver and the carbine stock;
• You can sand the stock and soak it with linseed oil or natural drying oil (which is much better). After this procedure, the wood will show its pattern and will better resist moisture.

Sights TOZ-78

Mechanical sights of the open type were installed as standard sighting devices. Reviews from hunters about them are very unflattering. They have a number of disadvantages:

• The front sight does not fit into the appearance of the carbine at all and spoils the appearance. It is for this reason that many owners try to get rid of this sighting device;
• The rear sight is often fixed very unreliably;
• The plastic part of the front sight is also unreliable, so the front sight can get knocked down even with weak impacts.

The receiver has a rail designed for mounting optical sights. It has the shape of a semicircle, which must be taken into account when choosing a bracket for installing an optical sight.

Features of hunting with TOZ

Many consider carbines of 5.6 mm caliber to be frivolous weapons, but when hunting with the TOZ-78, you should remember that, despite the small caliber and small charge of gunpowder in the cartridges, a bullet from a carbine can easily pierce a 50 mm board at a distance of 100 meters. Although theoretically, at a distance of 600 meters, a bullet from a TOZ-78 should completely lose its destructive power - there is no point in testing this in practice.

They usually hunt fur-bearing animals with it, especially in the taiga. In mid-latitudes with a carbine you can hunt the following animals and birds:

• Fox;
• Zaitsev;
• Wood grouse, black grouse and partridge;
• Gophers and other small animals and birds.

Hunters often set up ambushes in hay or straw stacks or are located in pre-prepared places. Some hunters use the TOZ-78 as an additional gun in conjunction with smooth-bore weapons for picking up wounded animals. It is very convenient to use the TOZ-78 for hunting black grouse, which often does not allow the hunter to get within range of a confident shot from a smoothbore gun. It is convenient to hunt black grouse in winter, when they can be seen at a distance of up to 150 meters. When shooting, it is necessary to take into account the correction for wind, since a light bullet can be blown to the side by a side wind. In order to avoid such problems, it is advisable to shoot your rifle before each hunt.

Performance characteristics

Despite significant unification, all variants of the TOZ-78 family of weapons have slight differences in weight. The weight of the weapon depends on the size of the magazine and the type of sight.

Application

TOZ-78 rifles and carbines are not used for military purposes, with the exception of local conflicts or civil wars, during which any weapon available to the population can be used. However, there is no official information on such use of TOZ-78.

Hunters use weapons to shoot ducks, hazel grouse or grouse. When hunting, the technique of firing in killing zones is used. Aiming is carried out both by optics and by a standard front sight

Shooting at a bird sitting on the water requires calculation and caution, since the bullet ricochets off the water surface and can hit a person caught in the trajectory

Some hunters install balancing weights on the barrels to reduce the vibration of the weapon after a shot.

For hunting, cartridges of the “Hunter” type, model 370 or 410, equipped with an expansive bullet, are used.

Prospects for improvement

Currently, the Tula Arms Plant continues to produce TOZ-78 rifles and carbines. New versions appear on sale, differing in configuration, but the basic basis of the weapon does not change.

Rifle owners modify their weapons themselves, installing various optical sights and making butts of a different configuration. It is a common practice to install balancing weights.

Operating principle

Despite the improvement of the locking mechanism and the heavier barrel, the principle of operation of the carbine remained unchanged.

• The mainspring is cocked when the barrel is unlocked by turning the bolt handle. Cocking is carried out in 2 stages, so there is no need to apply much force when opening.
• The spent cartridge case is removed when the bolt is moved back - vigorously.
• Trigger force and trigger stroke can be adjusted – the range is quite large.

Firing is carried out with the safety lever in the “fire” position - a red dot is visible on the trigger mechanism. In the “safety” position, the red dot is covered by a fuse. In this case, a latch fits into the groove of the handle, and it becomes impossible to open the shutter.

The carbine is equipped with a cocking indicator: if the hammer is cocked, the firing pin moves beyond the end of the solution. If the trigger is pulled, the ends of the bolt and the firing pin are at the same level.

The weapon must be carried, transported or stored unloaded and with the trigger pulled. Ammunition must be stored separately and out of reach.

Options and packaging

The standard equipment of TOZ-78 includes the following items:

• 2 magazines for 5 rounds - one is in the rifle;
• 2 magazines for 10 rounds;
• 2 screwdrivers;
• cleaning rod and rubbing rod 5.6 are available only on models 05/06;
• Passport products. If the rifle is equipped with an optical sight, then an additional certificate for the optics is also provided.

Sight for TOZ-78-01 (m)

Sources

• https://WarBook.club/oruzhie/vintovki/toz-78/
• https://lockwork.ru/ohotnichi-karabiny-toz-16-toz-17-i-toz-18/
• https://weapon.temadnya.com/1210029706651896636/karabin-toz-78—melkokalibernoe-ruzhe-dlya-professionalnoj-ohoty/
• https://podpricelom.com/ognesrelnoe-oruzhie/nareznoe/toz-78.html
• https://WarWays.ru/ognestrelnoe-oruzhie/vintovki-ruzhya-karabiny/toz-78.html
• https://www.dyplet.com/oruzhiyeoxoty/karabin-toz-78.html
• https://www.dyplet.com/oruzhiyeoxoty/toz-18.html

Main modifications

One of the Toz-78-06 modifications with a bipod and a muffler

Toz-78 is the basic model of a hunting rifle. It is provided immediately with an optical sight, although it is considered a separate component. Estimated cost - up to 10 thousand rubles, cartridges - 9-27 rubles per piece.

Toz-78-01

In Toz 78 01, the characteristics remained unchanged, and the modification itself was designed for a cheaper price. It does not have an optical sight. It is equipped with two box magazines for 5 and 10 rounds.

Toz-78-04

Toz 78 04 is a modification developed for export. Like Toz 78 01, this sample retains the technical characteristics of the original rifle. A distinctive feature of the Toz 78 04M is the thread on the muzzle of the barrel.

Toz-78-05

Toz-78-05 is a modification with a heavier barrel and increased strength. Comes with an optical sight. It has no mechanical devices for aiming.

Carbine modifications

For more than 40 years of existence of the TOZ-78 rifle, the Tula Arms Plant has produced about 20 official modifications, tailored to specific customer needs. Most of them can still be found in gun stores, so there shouldn’t be any problems purchasing them. In the following sections you will find a brief description of the most popular models.

TOZ-78-01

The most easily accessible option among all Tozovkas. It is not equipped with an optical or red dot sight, but you can install the upgrade yourself using a dovetail sighting bar. The set also comes with a magazine for 5 or 10 rounds. The difference from the original version is that TOZ-78-01 has much fewer defects and irregularities that the owner will have to fix on his own.

Carbine TOZ-78-01 with an installed optical sight

TOZ-78-04

An export model of a carbine, which differs from the entire series in one important point: the presence of threads on the muzzle. Thanks to this, you can install a sound moderator (silencer) or an additional muzzle constriction on the rifle to increase the accuracy of the battle. An optical sight can also be supplied, and the stock and stock are made of plastic with a high polymer content (highly durable).

TOZ-78-05

A modification with the strongest barrel among the entire TOZ-78 line. The metal part is made of high-quality carbon steel, and the inside of the muzzle channel is coated with a layer of chrome. Thanks to this, the rifle can use cartridges with an increased amount of gunpowder, and also does not suffer from the use of hollow-point bullets. There are no open sights, and the kit always includes an optical sight with a fixed magnification.

TOZ-78-06

The most modern modification of the TOZ-78 at the moment, characterized by a large number of rifling on the barrel channel. The rifle also includes threads for installing muzzle tubes, has an optical sight, and the stock and butt are made in a different color palette. Suitable for hunters who value high accuracy of combat and also want to acquire a weapon with an unusual appearance.

These are only those models that are in demand more than others. The TOZ-78-01M, TOZ-04M, TOZ-15 or TOZ-17 shotguns also deserve buyers’ attention. However, they have not been on the market for very long, so they have not yet gained popularity.