Self-propelled gun ASU-85. Armament. Dimensions. Reservation. Weight
The installation was developed at the Mytishchi Machine-Building Plant in the mid-50s. The vehicle was accepted into service in 1958 and mass-produced until 1964. The ASU-85 was supposed to accompany motorized rifle and tank units, and also be part of airborne units for protection against tanks. The vehicle was a closed installation with a front conning tower, in which the loader and commander of the vehicle were located to the right of the gun, and the gunner to the left. On the right, in the bow of the hull, there was a control compartment, where there was a driver-mechanic workplace.
Notes
- Manual on the material part and operation of the SU-85 self-propelled artillery mount. - M.: Military Publishing House of the USSR Ministry of Defense, 1975. - P. 9. - 363 p.
- A. V. Karpenko
, Light self-propelled artillery, p. 60 - ↑ 1234
[army.lv/?s=740&id=347 ASU-85 - 85-mm self-propelled artillery unit] - [baodatviet.vn/anh-nong/dieu-chua-biet-ve-phao-tu-hanh-asu-85-cua-viet-nam-3302993/?p=14 Điều chưa biết về pháo tự hành ASU-85 của Việt Nam]
- ↑ 12
[armstrade.sipri.org/armstrade/page/trade_register.php Stockholm Internation Peace Research Institute – Arms Transfers Database] - Sukonkin A. S.
Airborne artillery self-propelled installation ASU-85 // Landing of the Soviet Union. — P. 208.
Self-propelled gun ASU-85 - video
There was a hatch in the bottom of the hull through which the crew could carry out an emergency evacuation. The frontal part of the hull and part of the conning tower were made up of a single sheet 45 mm thick, which was welded at an angle of 60 degrees. The sides were made of 13 mm armor plates and had an inclination of 40 degrees. Rational angles of inclination protected people from armor-piercing shells of small and medium calibers. The corrugated bottom made the hull even more durable.
The vehicle had a 6-cylinder diesel engine YaMZ-206V installed across the rear of the hull. To achieve the required power, the designers had to use a fairly large ejection cooling system that did not require extra energy. The mechanical transmission located next to the engine included the main clutch, gearbox, gearbox, two planetary rotation mechanisms and final drives. The chassis consisted of an individual torsion bar suspension with piston-type hydraulic shock absorbers on the front and rear units, single-row road wheels, rear-mounted drive wheels and a caterpillar track with omsh. In order to increase the power reserve, two additional fuel tanks were installed on the rear of the ASU-85.
ASU-85 was transported by An-12 aircraft, while the torsion bar suspension was turned off. The disadvantages include the fact that when landing an ASU-85, the aircraft had to make a mandatory landing on the runway, which negated the main tactical advantage of the landing - its surprise. This is one of the reasons why the car was removed from mass production in 1964.
The self-propelled gun was armed with an 85-mm D-70 cannon with a monoblock barrel equipped with an effective muzzle brake and an ejector for purging the barrel of residual powder gases. It was installed in the embrasure of the frontal plate in a frame in the middle of the conning tower and had the largest horizontal guidance angle among Soviet self-propelled guns, equal to 30 degrees. The vertical wedge breech of the gun was equipped with a semi-automatic copy-type mechanism.
The gun's ammunition consisted of 45 rounds of armor-piercing, cumulative and high-explosive fragmentation shells. The first penetrated an armor plate 53 mm thick, standing at an angle of 60″ at a distance of 2 km. The firing range of high-explosive fragmentation shells reached about 13.5 km. In addition, the vehicles were equipped with UD-367 smoke shells with steel casings, which were used to target friendly gunners and to disrupt the work of enemy observation and command posts.
As an auxiliary weapon, a 7.62-mm SGMT machine gun was used, coaxial with the cannon, and had 2,000 rounds of ammunition. Two BDSh-5 smoke bombs were installed at the rear of the hull, used to set up smoke screens. The ASU-85 was equipped with a telescopic articulated sight TShK-2-79-11, which was used for direct fire during the day, an S-71-79 sight with a gun panorama necessary for firing from closed firing positions, and a TPN-1-79 night tank sight -11 and a night vision device. The vehicle was equipped with an R-120 TPU, an R-113 radio station, a filter-ventilation device, infrared headlights used for driving the unit in poor visibility, as well as two infrared searchlights, one of which was located above the gun barrel, and the other in front of the commander’s hatch.
Combat use
— Six Day War
- Operation Danube. Entry into Czechoslovakia. As part of the artillery units of the 7th and 103rd Airborne Divisions.
— Afghan war. In the initial period of the war, as part of the artillery units of the 103rd Airborne Division.
Performance characteristics of ASU-85
— Layout diagram: engine and transmission compartment at the rear, combat and controls in the wheelhouse at the front — Years of production: 1959—1966 — Years of operation: 1959—1993 — Number of produced, pcs.: more than 500
— Crew: 4 people
Weight of ASU-85
— Combat weight, t: 15.5
Overall dimensions of ASU-85
— Body length, mm: 6240 — Length with gun forward, mm: 8435 — Width, mm: 2970 — Height, mm: 1935 — Base, mm: 3808 — Track, mm: 2580 — Ground clearance, mm: 420
Reservation ASU-85
— Hull front, mm/deg.: 45/60 — Hull side (top), mm/deg.: 13/40 — Hull side (bottom), mm/deg.: 15/0 — Hull rear, mm/deg. : 6..8 — Bottom, mm: 4..6 — Housing roof, mm: 6/90..13/70
Armament ASU-85
— Caliber and brand of gun: 85-mm 2A15 — Gun type: rifled gun — Barrel length, calibers: 68 — Gun ammunition: 45 unitary shots — VN angles, deg.: −4.5…+15 — GN angles, deg. : ±15 — Sights: telescopic TShK-2-79, night passive TPN-1-79-11 — Machine guns: 1 × 12.7 mm DShK, 1 × 7.62 mm SGMT
Firing range of ASU-85
- 13,400 m high-explosive fragmentation projectile
Engine ASU-85
— Engine type: YaAZ-206V — Engine power, l. p.: 210 — Engine power, kW: 155
Speed ASU-85
— Speed on the highway, km/h: 45 — Speed on rough terrain, km/h: 25..30
— Cruising range on the highway, km: 360 — Cruising range over rough terrain, km: 230
— Specific power, l. s./t: 13.2 — Suspension type: individual torsion bar — Track width, mm: 360 — Specific ground pressure, kg/cm²: 0.57
— Overcome ascent, degrees: 30 — Overcome wall, m: 0.7 — Overcome ditch, m: 2.5 — Overcome ford, m: 1.0
Operators
- Vietnam Vietnam - in service with the Vietnamese People's Army (VNA), delivered from the USSR Armed Forces in 1979. They were retrofitted with a 12.7 mm DShKM turret machine gun and returned to service in 2015. On May 10, 2015, the 168th artillery brigade of the VNA conducted firing from the restored ASU-85[4].
Former:
- USSR USSR
- GDR GDR - 20 ASU-85 units delivered from the USSR in 1964[5]
- Poland Poland - 31 ASU-85 units were delivered from the USSR in 1965[5]
Photo of self-propelled gun ASU-85
Self-propelled gun ASU-85 at the parade on Red Square. 1961.
Self-propelled guns ASU-85 in Operation Danube
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