The Browning M1918 automatic rifle was designed in 1917. Engineers, led by the gunsmith after whom the model is named, took into account the flaws of the weapons used during the First World War during the development. First of all, the changes affected the fire mode controller and the interchangeable magazine, which were not present on previous models. In army units, this weapon was transformed into a light machine gun with the maneuverability of a rifle, served by one soldier.
Structural elements
The weapon unit is equipped with several versions of the magazine: integral folding and detachable box-shaped.
There are small arms on sale for both people who are better with their right hand and for those who are better with their left. The carabiner comes in orange or black. The receiver is made of light alloys; the material used for the stock is plastic, which is characterized by significant strength. BAR MK3 Composite HC, compared to previous models, has a more modern look, but the designers managed to preserve the original shape. Tight fixation of the carbine in the hands is ensured by the presence of anti-slip inserts attached to the lower part of the forearm and the neck of the butt.
The classic design with a separate fore-end and butt remained intact. The firearm comes with spacers that are mounted between the receiver and the stock. Thanks to this, it is possible to adjust the angle of shift of the butt in relation to the axis of the barrel. This feature allows people with different anthropometry to easily interact with the carabiner. In addition, along with the main product there are 2 butt pads, with the help of which shooting becomes even more comfortable.
Bolt mechanism
Saiga 308-1 carbine: design and technical features, prices and analogues
The Browning M1918 barrel channel is locked using a lever hinged to the eye of the middle part of the bolt. There is a special protrusion at the top of the milled receiver. The bolt is attached to the frame using a hinged earring. In the guide compartment there is a combat return spring. When the movable unit was moved forward, the bolt reached the hem of the barrel and locked. At the same time, the frame continued to move, turning the earring while simultaneously lifting the rear part of the locking lever.
The supporting surface of the handle is inserted behind the protrusion of the receiver; after the shot, the frame is thrown back, lowering the lever and unlocking the barrel. An insert under the axis of the earring prevents early opening, preventing the earring from lowering until the bolt frame moves into place. The cartridge case is removed by means of a bolt ejector and a rigid reflector of the trigger assembly. At the same time, the frame hits the buffer. When firing, the charging handle remains static.
M1918 light machine gun (BAR)
M1918 light machine gun (BAR)
John Moses Browning (1855–1926) has been involved with automatic rifles since the beginning of the twentieth century.
The First World War interrupted this work, and its experience forced us to reconsider approaches to this type of weapon. In February 1917, the United States tested a new Browning rifle with an automatic gas engine, a detachable magazine for 20 or 40 rounds and, no less important, a translator for single and automatic fire. The basis was the Vickers-Berthier system of 1908, significantly revised. The rifle became known as the BAR (Browning Automatic Rifle). BAR acquired the production rights, but the possibility of production by other companies remained. The design was finalized at . Production began in February 1918. 7.62 mm M1918 A2 BAR light machine gun, without magazine. USA
The BAR design consisted of a barrel with a gas chamber, a guide tube, a receiver with a stock and a sight, a locking mechanism (bolt, locking lever, shackle, bolt frame), a trigger mechanism in a separate housing (trigger box), and a magazine.
The barrel was attached to the receiver with a thread, which did not allow it to be replaced in combat conditions. 5 (later - 4) left-hand rifling with a stroke length of 254 mm was made in the barrel bore. The base of the front sight was placed on the muzzle of the barrel. A transverse gas outlet hole was made in the barrel wall 150 mm from the muzzle. The closed-type gas chamber was put on the barrel with tension and secured with a pin. Under the barrel there was a guide tube, secured with a pin to the receiver. A gas regulator with three holes, designated 1, 2 and 3, was screwed into the front hole of the tube; the regulator was fixed with a stopper with a split pin. A swivel clamp and a wooden forend with a notch were attached to the guide tube.
The milled steel receiver had a protrusion at the top for locking the bolt, on the left wall there was a groove for the charging handle, on the right there was a window for ejecting cartridges, at the bottom there was a receiving window, and inside there were grooves that directed the movement of the bolt frame and bolt. The reloading handle remained motionless when firing.
The barrel bore was locked using a lever rotating in a vertical plane. The locking lever was hinged to an eye in the middle part of the bolt; a hinged earring was attached to the rear eye of the lever, connecting it to the bolt frame. Combat cocking was carried out from below in the bolt frame, and an insert was attached to the rear with a pin. The return spring was placed in the guide tube and acted on the gas piston rod.
When the moving system moved forward, the bolt, up to the hem of the barrel, stopped, the bolt frame continued to move, turned the earring and raised the rear part of the locking lever. The supporting surface of the lever extended beyond the supporting surface of the receiver protrusion. After the shot, the bolt frame began to move backward under the action of the piston rod, the lever was lowered and the barrel was unlocked. Premature unlocking was prevented by a liner located under the axis of the earring and preventing the earring and the locking lever from lowering until the bolt frame responded to the appropriate distance.
Section of a BAR light machine gun: A
— movable system in the forward position,
B
— movable system in the rear position, the relative position of the bolt and the locking lever is clearly visible;
39
— return spring pusher,
40
— split rings,
41
— return spring guide tube,
42
— buffer tube
43
— butt,
44
— magazine,
45
— buffer ring bushing
The ejection of the spent cartridge case was carried out by a spring-loaded ejector in the bolt and a reflector rigidly mounted in the trigger box. The bolt frame, having reached the rearmost point, hit the buffer.
The trigger mechanism provided single and automatic fire. After locking the barrel, the liner struck the firing pin mounted in the bolt. The upper protrusion of the striker interacted with the internal groove of the locking lever - until the barrel bore was completely locked, the lever did not allow the striker to move forward, and when unlocked, it pulled the striker back. Thus, the combination of the firing pin protrusion and the locking lever played the role of an automatic safety device against premature firing. The trigger mechanism of the original device was mounted on a frame located inside the trigger box and was equipped with a buffer spring. When the trigger was pressed, the disconnector connected to it raised the front end of the trigger lever and released the bolt frame from cocking.
7.92 mm Wz.28 Browning light machine gun, with magazine and bipod. Poland
The translator-safety flag was located on the left behind the trigger guard. When the flag was set in the forward position (“F”), the disconnector, rising, jumped off the trigger lever, which returned to its original position and intercepted the bolt frame. When the flag was in a vertical position (“A”), the beveled translator pin limited the rotation of the trigger lever and the rise of the disconnector so that there was no disconnection from the trigger lever, the bolt frame skipped cocking, and the automation cycle was repeated. When the flag is turned back (“S”), the pin locks the trigger.
The butt had a semi-pistol neck protrusion, was put on the tail tube of the receiver and fastened with a screw, reinforced with a metal back, and a sling swivel was attached to it from below with screws.
The food was supplied from a metal box magazine with a staggered arrangement of cartridges. The magazine latch was controlled by a button located inside the trigger guard, so that the shooter could press the latch with the finger of the shooting hand to speed up reloading. The machine gunner carried spare magazines in canvas pouches on his belt. In total, the BAR design included 125 parts, of which 11 were springs.
The vibration of the weapon and single-shot firing from the rear sear did not give the desired accuracy, so the BAR was not suitable for the role of a “rifle”, becoming a light machine gun and receiving a number of modifications both in the USA and abroad. In particular, soon after the appearance of the BAR, a license for the production of its modification M1918 A1 was acquired by the Belgian Fabric National (FN), which also carried out some modernization of the system: the barrel was weighted and equipped with ring fins up to half the length, the handle of the gas regulator was enlarged, magazine socket covers were introduced and windows for ejecting spent cartridges, folding bipods are installed, for which grooves are made in the forend of increased height. As a light machine gun, such a weapon was produced from 1923 to 1939 under various cartridges and for various armies, including the 7.92 mm FN 1928 machine gun for Poland. At the request of the Polish side, Belgian designers had to make a number of changes: lengthen the barrel, improve the bolt and ejector, the trigger mechanism, change the design of the sight and bipod, and the shape of the butt. In Poland, the machine gun received the designation Wz.28 (model 1928), Fabric National received an order for 10,000 pieces, and a license for its production was purchased, which began after the end of Belgian deliveries in 1930 at an arms factory in Warsaw and lasted until World War II. The Wz.28 translator-fuse settings were designated “P” (single fire), “C” (automatic), “B” (fuse). Combat rate of fire - from 40 to 60 rounds/min. The return spring with a buffer was located in the butt. The cover of the window for ejecting spent cartridges could be locked with a swinging lever. The empty magazine weighed 0.24 kg. Sights included a frame sight with a diopter rear sight and a front sight mounted on a dovetail. When folded, the sight was designed for a range of 300 m; when raised, it changed from 400 to 1600 m every 100 m. The machine gun had a pistol grip and was equipped with a lightweight folding bipod. The machine gun was produced in two versions - one with a flame arrester, front sight safety device and a long butt, the other without a flame arrester and front sight safety device and with a shortened butt.
By August 1939, the Warsaw plant had produced 10,710 machine guns. The German Wehrmacht accepted captured Polish Brownings into service under the designation MG.28 (p), and the Warsaw plant produced them for the Wehrmacht during the occupation. On the other hand, after the 1939 campaign, a large number of Polish Brownings fell into the hands of the Red Army and ended up in Soviet warehouses.
BAR discharge procedure
Press the magazine release button on the front of the trigger guard and release the magazine. Pull back the charging handle on the left side of the receiver to remove any cartridge that may be in the chamber. Inspect the chamber through the receiver window. Return the charging handle to the forward position and pull the trigger.
Procedure for partial disassembly of BAR
Unload the machine gun.
Turn the contactor flag down, remove the contactor and separate the trigger box with the pistol grip.
Pull the charging handle back a little until the axis of the earring is aligned with the hole on the receiver, push out the axis and separate the charging handle.
Remove the bolt carrier insert and the recoil spring rod.
Lower the tube lock flag down, remove it and separate the guide tube with the bipod.
Pull the bolt frame forward.
Move the bolt latch to the left and remove the bolt from the receiver.
Reassemble in reverse order.
TACTICAL AND TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF BAR SYSTEM MACHINE GUNS
| Model | M1918 A1 | Wz.28 |
| A country | USA | Poland |
| Cartridge | 7.62?63 (.30–06 “springfield”) | 7.92?57 "Mauser" |
| Weapon weight without magazine, kg | 8,41 | 8,85 |
| Weapon length, mm | 1194 | 1110 |
| Barrel length, mm | 600 | 610 |
| Number of rifling | 4 | 4 |
| Initial bullet speed, m/s | 750 | 760 |
| Types of fire | He | He |
| Rate of fire, rds/min | 400 | 500 |
| Combat rate of fire, rds/min | 40/180 | ? |
| Sighting range, m | 1365 | 1600 |
| Magazine capacity, cartridges | 20 | 20 |
"Browning M1918 BAR": description of other parts
Toz 87 price
The transfer fuse box is located on the left side behind the trigger guard. In the frontal position, the disconnector rises and jumps off the release lever. At the same time, it returns to its original position, intercepting the bolt frame. When the flag is in a vertical position, the safety pin limits the rotation of the trigger lever. This prevents disconnection from repeating the automatic cycle. If the element is turned back, the trigger is blocked by the pin.
The Browning M1918 is equipped with a folding-type frame sight, which is mounted on the receiver. The semi-pistol type stock is placed on a tube-shaped shank and secured with a screw, reinforced with a metal butt. The sling swivel is attached to it from below.
Food is supplied from a double-row box-type magazine with staggered placement of cartridges. The clip latch is controlled by a button located inside the trigger guard. This allowed the shooter to speed up reloading by pressing the lock using the finger of his working hand. The fighter carried spare magazines in canvas pouches on his belt. In total, the design of the machine gun in question includes 125 parts, 11 of which are springs.
Interesting Facts
Winchester and Colt improved the design of the Browning M 1918, providing a good finish to the weapon. Its weight made it possible to fire bursts with good accuracy, although only from a stop. The combat rate of fire was 60-180 salvos per minute with the ability to quickly replace magazines.
In 1922, an improved version was released under the symbol 1918A. The main difference is the presence of an Enfield M1917 type sight.
Just before the American army entered World War II, a radically modernized version of the M1918A2 was adopted. The automatic and single fire modes were replaced by the ability to continuously fire shots at different rates (from 300 to 450 salvos per minute).
After this, the Browning M1918 BAR of early releases was returned to the factories. There the weapon was refined to the M19182A level. Since 1942, machine guns began to have butts made of plastic, reinforced with a back and a metal plate.
In order to unload the weapon in question, it is necessary to disconnect the magazine by pressing the latch button. Then the charging handle is pulled back. The chamber is inspected through the receiver socket. The front handle is returned to the front charging position and the trigger is pulled.
Modifications
The most famous pistols and weapons of designer John Browning (11 photos + 11 videos)
Browning was produced in different modifications. Aviation, tank and infantry variants were developed.
M1919 A2 is a variant that appealed to the cavalry. The model folds compactly onto a horse's saddle. M1919 A3 - an improved version for cavalry. M1919 A4 is the most successful model, developed by engineers in 1934. The A4 was adopted for all regular troops. They equipped anti-aircraft guns and tanks. The Browning A4 has proven itself to be an effective high-precision weapon. A4 served until the 60s. The A4 variant was installed on American tanks. The machine gun was quickly removed and mounted on any vehicle. M1919 A5 is a highly targeted model for the M3 tank. The M1919 A6 is not a very good option for infantry combat. A 100-round belt was developed for the A6, but the model still turned out to be bulky and heavy. The modification is weighted with a butt and a flash suppressor. In 1929, an aviation version of the .30AN/M2 machine gun was released. The first models were not successful, but already in 1941 the USA released the .50AN/M2 modification.
All browning M1919 parts are interchangeable. Any option was installed on the M2 machine.
HCAR upgraded version of the BAR M1918 Browning automatic rifle
The BAR M1918 automatic rifle, created by the brilliant designer John Browning, is an iconic weapon. Having begun service in 1917, the BAR automatic rifle was produced until 1950 and remained in service even in the 70s of the last century. But even after being removed from service in the United States, the BAR continued to appear in various local conflicts around the world. Today, the US-based company Ohio Ordnance Works sells and modifies this legendary automatic rifle. It is the modified version of the BAR M1918 automatic rifle that will be discussed in today’s article.
Being an original and well-designed small arms, the BAR M1918 automatic rifle was somewhat ahead of its time and, as a result, had certain disadvantages inherent in advanced technical products. The BAR was almost twice as heavy as a conventional self-loading rifle, and its use as a light machine gun was not entirely practical due to the small magazine capacity and the irremovable barrel. However, it should be noted that the small arms designs subsequently created on the BAR M1918 platform had a more advanced design. So in 1932, the Belgian company FN released a version of the BAR model D machine gun with the ability to change the barrel, having a pistol grip and a bipod.
In the semi-automatic version of the BAR rifle, designated HCAR (Heavy Combat Assault Rifle), developed by Ohio Ordnance Works, the shortcomings inherent in the original model were eliminated as much as possible.
The new version retains the original .30-06 caliber (7.62x63 mm), but the company is considering the possibility of producing the HCAR rifle chambered for other 7.62 mm caliber cartridges. The rifle is packaged in a plastic casing made on a 3D printer. The handguard now has mounting strips for attaching various accessories and equipment.
The 406 mm long trunk is covered with oval depressions. The purpose of these depressions is to reduce weight and improve barrel cooling by increasing its surface area. The rifle is equipped with a modern AAC flash suppressor. Like the original rifle, the HCAR has a gas regulator.
The new HCAR version comes with a 30-round magazine, a Mil Spec telescoping stock and a new charging handle.
Thanks to the efforts of the Ohio Ordnance Works staff, the new version weighs 5.4 kg (probably without ammunition), i.e. managed to reduce weight by 3.6 kg, which is impressive.
Well, in conclusion, I would like to say that the HCAR semi-automatic rifle is a weapon for amateurs, collectors, and maybe athletes. But I would really like to have this in my arsenal.
Ohio Ordnance Works plans to introduce the HCAR semi-automatic rifle to the progressive shooting community at the upcoming 2014 SHOT Show.
History[edit]
John M. Browning, inventor of the rifle, and Frank F. Burton, Winchester rifle expert, discuss the intricacies of the BAR at the Winchester plant
The United States entered World War I with an inadequate, small, and obsolete range of domestic and foreign machine guns, largely due to bureaucratic indecisiveness and the lack of established military doctrine for their use. When the United States declared war on Germany in 1917 on April 6, 1917, high command was informed that they had only 670 M1909 Benét-Merciés, 282 M1904 Maxims, and 158 Colts at their disposal to fight this machine gun-dominated trench warfare -Browning M1895. [5] After much debate, it was finally decided that rapid rearmament with indigenous weapons would be necessary, but until then, American troops would issue whatever the French and British had to offer. The weapons donated by the French were often second-rate or surplus and chambered in 8 mm Lebel, further complicating logistics as machine gunners and infantrymen were issued different types of ammunition. [2]
Development[edit]
In 1917, before America entered the war, John Browning personally brought two types of automatic weapons to Washington, D.C. for demonstration: a water-cooled machine gun (later adopted as the M1917 Browning machine gun) and a shoulder-mounted machine gun. fired from an automatic rifle then known as the Browning Machine Rifle
or
BMR
, both chambered in the standard American .30-06 Springfield cartridge. [2] Colt and the Department of Ordnance organized a public display of both weapons at a site in southern Washington, D.C. known as Congress Heights. [6] There, on February 27, 1917, in front of a crowd of 300 people (including high-ranking military officials, congressmen, senators, foreign dignitaries, and the press), the Army conducted a live-fire demonstration that so impressed the assembled crowd that Browning immediately received a contract for the weapon, and it was quickly put into service (the water-cooled machine gun underwent further testing). [6]
BAR live fire demonstration in front of military and government officials
In May 1917, further testing was conducted for U.S. Army Weapons Officers at the Springfield Armory, and both weapons were unanimously recommended for immediate adoption. To avoid confusion with the M1917 belt-fed machine gun, the BAR became known as the M1918
or
Rifle, Caliber .30, Automatic, Browning, M1918
according to the official nomenclature.
On 16 July 1917, 12,000 BARs were ordered from s Marauders in Burma as a slightly lighter alternative to the M1918A2. [ citation needed
]
Production rates increased significantly in 1943 after IBM introduced a new type of malleable iron casting method for BAR receivers developed by General Motors' Saginaw division called ArmaSteel.
. [23] After it successfully passed a series of tests at Springfield Armory, the Chief of Ordnance directed other BAR receiver manufacturers to switch from steel to ArmaSteel castings for the part. [23] During the Korean War, production of the M1918A2 was resumed, this time under contract to the Royal McBee Typewriter Co. , which produced an additional 61,000 M1918A2. [24]
The final American-made variant was chambered in 7.62×51mm NATO as the T34 assault
. [25] [26]
Heavy counter-assault rifle[edit]
Heavy Counter Assault Rifle-HCAR
In 2006, Ohio Ordnance Works was working on a 21st century BAR upgrade called the Heavy Counter Assault Rifle
(HCAR). [27] [28] [29]
The HCAR Ohio Ammunition Plant includes improvements such as an AR-type buffer tube with adjustable stock, an optional 16″ shortened barrel with adjustable gas regulator, manual guard and Picatinny rail receiver, and a suppressor-compatible flash hider. [28] It also solves the weight problem of the original BAR by reducing material by machining the material from the receiver and by dimple the barrel removing a total of 8 pounds. [28] It also has its own 30-round magazine for increased firepower over the original 20-round magazine.
International and commercial models[edit]
Exporting models [edit]
BAR also found a ready market abroad and was widely exported in various forms. In 1919, Colt developed and produced a commercial version called the Automatic Machine Rifle Model 1919
(company designation:
Model U
), which has a different recoil mechanism compared to the M1918 (it is mounted in the stock rather than the gas tube) and lacks a flash suppressor. Later, the Model 1924 rifle was offered for a short period of time with a pistol grip and a redesigned hand grip. These Colt automatic rifles were available in several calibers, including .30-06 Springfield (7.62x63mm), 7.65x53mm Belgian Mauser, 7x57mm Mauser, 6.5x55mm, 7.92 × 57 mm Mauser and .303 British (7.7 × 56 mmR). [30] All Colt 6.5×55mm automatic rifles were apparently sold directly to FN. [thirty]
An improved version of the 1924, the 1925 (R75), achieved its greatest popularity in export sales. It is based on the Model 1924, but uses a heavy finned barrel, a lightweight bipod, and features dust covers in the magazine well and ejection port (some of these features have been patented: US Patents No. 1548709 and No. 1533968). The Model 1925 was produced in a variety of calibers, including .30-06 Springfield (7.62x63mm), 7.65x53mm Belgian Mauser, 7x57mm Mauser, 7.92x57mm Mauser, and .303 British (7. 7×56mmR) (without Colt, 6.5×55mm Model 1925 rifles appear to have been sold). [30]The junior version of the Model 1925 (R75) was the R75A light machine gun with a quick-change barrel (produced in 1942 in small quantities for the Dutch army). Between 1921 and 28, FN Herstal imported more than 800 Colt-manufactured Colt automatic rifles for sale overseas. [14]
All Colt assault rifles, including the Colt Monitor, were available for export sale. [14] After 1929, the Model 1925 and Colt Monitor were available for export sale in Colt's exclusive sales territories under an agreement with FN. [14] These Colt territories included North America, Central America, the West Indies, South America, Great Britain, Russia, Turkey, Siam (Thailand), India, and Australia. [14]
Belgium [edit]
FN Mle D with quick change barrel
Variant known as FN Mle 1930,
was developed by FN Herstal under the Belgian 7.65×53mm Mauser and adopted by the Belgian Army.
The Mle 1930 is essentially a licensed copy of the Colt assault rifle, model 1925 (R 75). [31] The Mle 1930 has a different gas valve and a mechanical fire control reduction mechanism, designed by Dieudonné Saive, located in the trigger guard and pistol grip housing. [31] Several of these FN speed reduction mechanisms and pistol grip housings were later acquired by Springfield Armory for evaluation and possible adoption as replacements for the M1918. [18]The weapon also had a folding shoulder guard and was adapted for use on a tripod. In 1932, Belgium adopted a new version of the FN Mle 1930, given the service designation FN Mle D
(
D for dismountable
or "removable"), which had a quick-change barrel, a shoulder rest, and a simplified removal method for easier cleaning and maintenance. [32] The Mle D was produced even after World War II in versions adapted for .30-06 Springfield (for Belgian service) and 7.92×57mm Mauser ammunition (for Egyptian service). [25] The final variant in Belgian service was the DA1 model, chambered in 7.62×51mm NATO and fed from the 20-round magazines of the FN FAL battle rifle. [32]
Poland[edit]
Main articles: Browning wz. 1928 and Karabin maszynowy Observatora wz.37.
Polish partisan of the Jędrusie unit with the Polish version of the M1918 BAR during World War II
Production of BAR in Belgium began only after the signing of an agreement with Poland (December 10, 1927) for the purchase of 10,000 wz. 1928 light machine guns chambered in 7.92×57mm Mauser, which are similar to the R75 variant but developed specifically for the needs of the Polish Army. Changes to the basic design include a pistol grip, a different type of bipod, an open-type V-shaped sight, and a slightly longer barrel. Subsequent rifles were assembled in Poland under license at the state rifle factory (Państwowa Fabryka Karabinów) in Warsaw. wz file 1928 was adopted by the Polish army in 1927 under the official name 7.92 mm rkm Browning wz. 1928
and - until the outbreak of World War II - was the main light support weapon for Polish infantry and cavalry formations (in 1939 there were a total of about 20,000 WZ 1928 rifles in Poland).
Additional modifications to parts were made to the production line; These included replacing the iron sights with a smaller version and reshaping the fishtail stock. [ citation needed
]
In the mid-1930s, Polish small arms designer Wawrzyniec Lewandowski was commissioned to develop a universal aircraft machine gun based on the Browning wz.1928. This resulted in the wz. 1937 Changes included increasing the weapon's rate of fire to 1,100 rounds/min, eliminating the stock, adding a spade grip to the rear of the receiver, moving the main drive spring under the barrel, and most importantly, changing the feed. system. Using a standard 20-round box magazine made sustained fire nearly impossible, so a new feed mechanism was developed that was added to the receiver as a module. It contains a bolt-actuated spring-loaded lever that feeds a round from a 91-round magazine located above the receiver and pushes the round into the feed path during release. The machine gun was adopted in 1937 and ordered by the Polish Air Force as the karabin maszynowy Obserwatora WZ. 1937
(“Observer machine gun model 1937”).
Ultimately, 339 machine guns were acquired and used as armament for the PZL.37 Łoś medium bomber and the LWS-3 Mewa reconnaissance aircraft. [ citation needed
]
Sweden[edit]
Swedish model Kg m/21, which was almost identical to the M1919 configuration
Model Kg m/37 with quick release barrel
In 1920, Belgian gun manufacturer Fabrique Nationale (FN) acquired the rights from Colt to sell and manufacture BAR series firearms in Europe. The first BAR model sold by FN was the Kg m/21 (Kg - Kulsprutegevär
or "machine gun rifle") chambered in 6.5×55mm m/94. The M/21 is a variant of the Model 1919, designed to Swedish specifications and produced first by Match
Texas Monthly,
February 2001.
, Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing, ISBN 1-84176-739-5 (2003), p. 26
. NRA Publications. item 400. ISBN 978-0-935998-42-9.
↑ Dunlap 1948, p. 307
]
↑ Dunlap 1948, p. 223: The US 1st Cavalry Division preparing for the assault on Lingayen Gulf off Luzon in the Philippines in January 1945 was just one example, with a gunnery sergeant reporting that the division had "the most broken-down batch of BARs in the Army." original models [M1918]."
American World War II aircraft, Curtiss Commando.
, Project Doughboy, Operations Research Office (ORO), US Army (1953)
. Men at Arms 312. London: Osprey Publishing. paragraph 46. ISBN 978-1-85532-658-3.
"Colt Monitor BAR". Vol. 8 no. 3.
. Elite 148. Osprey Publishing. paragraph 28. ISBN 9781846030796.
. Vol. 5 pieces. 9.
(35th ed.). Coulsdon: Jane Information Group. ISBN 978-0-7106-2869-5.
Ian W.
Weapons , 1995/1996
. Jane Information Group; 21st edition (May 1995). ISBN 978-0-7106-1241-0.
de Quesada, Alejandro (January 10, 2009).
Bay of Pigs: Cuba, 1961
. Elite 166. Osprey Publishing. pp. 60–61. ISBN 9781846033230.
.
. Elite 141. Osprey Publishing. paragraph 50. ISBN 9781841769691.
↑ Hodges & Hodges 2012, pp. 70-71.
. Fighters 322. Osprey Publishing. paragraph 41. ISBN 9781855327894.
. Men at Arms 312. London: Osprey Publishing. paragraph 43. ISBN 978-1-85532-658-3.
(in French). Berger-Levro. 1956-03-19. paragraph 297.
. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Center for International Studies. item 769. hdl: 2027/uiug.30112064404368.
. Illustrated Form 12. Olympic Marketing Corp. With. 20. ISBN 978-0853687559.
] (in Italian).
. Action 217. Osprey Publishing. paragraph 15. ISBN 9780850459388.
. Archived from the original on 2018-02-17. Retrieved February 17, 2018.
. Archived from the original on 2016-06-18. Retrieved February 17, 2018.
. Brabantia Nostra. item 453.
.
(Master's thesis). Naval Postgraduate School. item 98. hdl: 10945/10681.
de Quesada, Alejandro (January 20, 2015). Spanish Civil War 1936–39 (2): Republican Forces. Fighters 498. Osprey Publishing. paragraph 38. ISBN 9781782007852.
Home Guard Training Manual, Major John Langdon-Davies, John Merry and Pilot Press 1942, p. 120.
PISTOLS:
Browning 1900
Video: Browning Pistol Review 1900 - FN Browning M1900
For the Belgian Factory National, John Browning also designed his own automatic pistol, the 7.65 mm Browning pistol of the 1900 model, although it was invented even earlier. Along with the pistol, Browning also developed a new 7.65 mm caliber cartridge using smokeless powder, which was superior in power and ballistics to revolver cartridges using smokeless powder. The weapon turned out to be compact and powerful thanks to its design, where the box magazine was inserted into the pistol grip. At that time, the pistol was superior to all existing pistols and revolvers. In 1897, one of these pistols fell into the hands of a manager in Herstal. John Browning was signed to a contract. The pistol was very popular in the world, and in 1912 its millionth copy was produced. It was after this invention that the name “Browning” became a household name for all automatic pistols.
Browning 1903
Video: Review of the Browning 1903 pistol
In 1903, the next automatic pistol of Browning's design appeared, called the 9 mm Browning Pistol Model 1903. The design of this military pistol turned out to be so successful that it was produced continuously for 37 years, and this is no less than ten million copies. The weapon was in service with the Swedish army and some armies of other countries. By the way, it also took root in Russia for some time, where it was in service with the gendarmerie corps. On these pistols on the bolt housing there was the inscription “MOSCOW. TABLE. POLICE."
Browning 1906
Video: Browning M1906 pistol review
Browning's next invention was in 1906 a pocket, or, as they called it, “vest” pistol chambered for his own 7.65 mm caliber cartridge on smokeless powder, created on the basis of its predecessor, the 1903 model. The new pistol was called the “7.65 mm Browning Pistol Model 1906.” It had a striker rather than a hidden trigger, and was also small in size, which was greatly appreciated by the ladies of that turbulent time. Over the entire period, four million of these pistols were produced.
"Colt 1911"
https://youtube.com/watch?v=OwITvBCahU8
Video: Browning's legendary Colt 1911 pistol - Firearms
The .38 caliber revolver that existed during the US military campaign in the Philippines turned out to be low-power. It was then that an automatic pistol was needed. The inventor Browning was just designing a .38 caliber pistol at that time. But, having learned about the order announced by the military, he converted the same pistol to .45 caliber. On March 29, the automatic pistol, designed by Browning and produced by , was introduced into service with the US Army and was named the Model 1911.
Before World War I, M1911s were produced primarily at the Colt factory. But in conditions of fierce fighting, the production of weapons was launched not only in weapons factories, but also in large metalworking plants. The Colt M1911 was initially used only by the US Army, but in the early 1920s the Colt M1911 was slightly modified. Since then, it has been used by police officers. The pistol existed in this form until the end of World War II. The Colt M1911 is recognized as the longest-lived military pistol - in the United States it remained in military service until the mid-1980s, and in some countries it is still in service today.
Browning M2 machine gun
Video: Browning M2 heavy machine gun / US Marine Corps
An air-cooled machine gun chambered for .50 caliber (12.7x99 mm) entered service with the US Army in 1921 under the designation “model 1921”. In 1923, it was successfully tested both in the infantry and in the navy, and then the machine gun began to be used absolutely everywhere, even on reconnaissance jeeps. But it received its famous name “M2” only ten years later after the modernization carried out in 1932. Since then, the Browning M2 has been in service in more than 30 countries around the world. The machine gun was used in all branches of the military. Like anti-aircraft guns, these machine guns were even installed on civilian ships. This machine gun served well both in wartime and in peacetime, but in 1972 the American military decided to remove the “obsolete” machine gun from production, but very soon realized their mistake. Production of M2 was resumed in the late 70s of the 20th century and continues to this day.
Browning - brand history
Browning Arms Company is a firearms manufacturing company. The company is located in Morgan, Utah, USA. It produces weapons for the army and police, sporting and hunting shotguns, as well as rifles. John Moses Browning was born on January 23, 1855 in Ogden, Utah. He was one of 22 children of Jonathan Browning, who, being a Mormon, had three wives. John was surrounded by weapons from early childhood; his father worked as a weapon blacksmith, and little John learned the names of parts, parts and mechanisms before he learned to read. In October 1869, John assembled a rifle to give to his brother for his birthday. In 1878, John Moses Browning and his brother Matthew inherited a gun shop and forge from their father. Soon John Browning designed a single-shot rifle with external triggers and patented his invention. The rifle was called the JM Browning Single Shot Rifle or Model 1879. Buyers liked the new product and became highly in demand on the market, but the young company did not have the financial resources to further develop its production. In 1883, positive reviews of the rifle invented by Browning became known to the American. While studying trends in demand for Winchester brand weapons, company employee Andrew McAusland found that the Browning rifle was more popular than the Winchester weapon. McAusland bought one rifle and showed it to company director Thomas Bennett. Winchester management appreciated John Browning's invention, and Thomas Bennett personally visited the city of Ogden, where the Browning company was located. As a result of negotiations, a contract was signed, which marked the beginning of a 19-year collaboration with Winchester, and John Browning received $8,000 for a license to produce his single-shot rifle. John Browning developed 13 models of shotguns and 31 rifles for Winchester, but only 7 models of rifles and 3 models of shotguns were produced. Winchester acquired the remaining inventions only so that Browning would not sell them to competing companies. The design of the Model 1879 rifle was refined, and in 1885 mass production of this single-shot rifle began, called the Winchester 1885. This model was followed by the Winchester 1886 rifle and the Winchester 1887 repeating shotgun. In 1888, Browning designed a hunting repeating rifle in .22 LR caliber. with a pump-action reloading mechanism, two years later a 12-gauge pump-action shotgun was created. Both developments were also sold. In the 90s of the 19th century, the Browning company developed shotguns with pump-action and lever reloading systems for the Winchester Repeating Arms Company. A machine gun was also designed for the American one, produced under the Colt Model 1895 brand. In 1897, Browning entered into a contract with the Belgian company Fabrique Nationale d'Armes de Guerre, SA for the production of a new development - a 32-caliber self-loading pistol and a cartridge for it. The design of the pistol was slightly changed by Fabrique Nationale engineers in order to improve its production technology. The pistol, called the Model 1889 Browning, and cartridges began to be manufactured in 1899, and a year later production began on the world-famous 7.65 mm FN-Browning M.1900 pistol, a copy of the Model 1889, but smaller. The 38-caliber Browning self-loading pistol, which used recoil energy, as well as the M.1900 model, began to be produced in the USA in 1900-1903, and Fabrique Nationale entered into an agreement according to which Colt had the right to produce and sell pistols only in the Western Hemisphere , and Fabrique Nationale - in the east. At the beginning of the twentieth century, the M.1900 model was widely used in the Belgian army and police departments of various countries, including Russia. The pistol was also in high demand among civilians as a weapon for self-defense. It is reliably known that by 1912, a million copies of the M.1900 pistol were manufactured. This pistol has gone down in world history because it is associated with tragic events. In 1914, in the Serbian city of Sarajevo, it was with this pistol that the Archduke of Austria-Hungary Ferdinand was killed, which served as the reason for the outbreak of the First World War. Russian terrorists used the M.1900 to assassinate Stolypin and Lenin. In 1900, John Browning completed work on the Auto-5, a 12-gauge hunting shotgun with an under-barrel tubular magazine, a movable barrel, and a recoil-driven reloading system. The Auto-5 shotgun, recognized as the most successful invention of the great gunsmith, was produced in various modifications for about 100 years, and its production volumes exceeded several million copies. The Auto-5 self-loading caused a rift between Browning and . The management of the Winchester Repeating Arms Company refused to pay Browning the required amount for the right to manufacture this gun, so in 1902 John Browning signed a contract with Fabrique Nationale. The Belgian company began mass production of self-loading in the same year, and later the Remington Arms Company (USA) and Rheinische Metallwaren und Maschinen Fabrik (Germany) began manufacturing the Auto-5. Based on the Auto-5, several models of shotguns were developed that used the recoil energy of a movable barrel, while the designer did not abandon the idea of using a gas release mechanism in a self-loading shotgun. At the beginning of the century, the introduction of such a reloading system in hunting weapons was impossible, since hunters everywhere used black powder cartridges, which had insufficient power for use with a gas release mechanism. In addition, incomplete combustion of black powder particles led to contamination of the mechanism. The first Browning shotgun, reloaded using the pressure of exhaust gases, appeared only in 1973. The first decade of the twentieth century, the Browning company was developing pistol designs. In 1903, a self-loading 9-mm pistol M.1903 and cartridges for it were created. Fabrique Nationale produced about 10 million of these pistols over the course of 37 years. The M.1903 model was adopted by the army of Belgium and some other countries, and was used by the Russian police and as a standard personal weapon for officers. In 1905, Browning, together with Fabrique Nationale, produced a small-sized self-loading pistol M.1906 specifically for women. The year 1906 is known for the appearance of a small-sized pistol of 7.65 mm caliber, created on the basis of the M.1903 model. Model M 1911, designed by Browning and produced by the US Armed Forces, won the competition for the best automatic pistol announced by the command of the US Armed Forces and was adopted by the American army. The Colt M 1911 pistol, also called the "Government Model", was used by the US military until 1986. In 1913-1914, Browning created weapons for, in particular, the Remington Model 17 pump-action shotgun and the Remington Model 24 semi-automatic rifle in .22LR caliber were introduced. The year 1917 was marked by the appearance of a whole series of new products: a heavy machine gun, a water-cooled Browning M1917 machine gun and a Browning Automatic Rifle (BAR), which became the prototype of the BAR hunting carbine currently produced. A special feature of the BAR rifle was the gas-operated reloading system. Serial production of the rifle began in 1918. The Browning M2 heavy machine gun, which was in service in about 50 countries around the world, as well as the M.1935 HP (High Power) pistol chambered for the 9-mm Parabellum cartridge were developed in the early 20s. John Browning did not live several months before receiving a patent for this pistol. Its design was finalized by the director of Fabrique Nationale, Didien Sav, and serial production of the M.1935 HP began only in 1935. John Browning's latest development was the Superposed sideflint. The gun was made in 12 gauge, equipped with barrels 32 or 28.3 inches long and equipped with a trigger mechanism with two triggers. The inventor intended to use an inertial mechanism with one trigger in the future, but did not have time. On November 26, 1926, during a visit to Fabrique Nationale, the heart of the famous gunsmith stopped. His son Val Browning continued work on improving the gun, but he managed to create a single-trigger inertial system only in 1938. The Superposed shotgun with two triggers was produced by Fabrique Nationale since 1931, and the production of a model with an inertial system began in 1939. The first Superposed model was followed by the Superposed B25 and B125, which retained the design of the original model. All Superposed models quickly gained popularity among hunters due to their affordable prices, reliability and excellent quality. From 1940 to 1946, due to World War II and the occupation of Belgium, Fabrique Nationale did not produce hunting weapons. During the war, Browning hunting rifles were produced only in the USA. In 1951, the owners of Browning closed the old company and registered a new one. In 1955, another was founded, and in 1958, a joint stock company of Browning and Fabrique Nationale was formed. In the 50s, specialists from the Browning Arms Company mastered the production of the Auto-5 20-caliber shotgun and the 12-caliber Auto-5 Magnum model, designed the Double Automatic 12-gauge shotgun and the Semi-Automatic rifle. In 1965, Browning began collaborating with the Japanese company Miroku. A joint development of these companies, the BT-99 single-barreled shotgun went on sale in 1968. Another significant invention is the BAR hunting carbine, designed in 1966, with a reloading mechanism that operates due to the pressure of exhaust powder gases. During the sixth decade of the twentieth century, Browning specialists also created the T-Bolt and BL-22 rifles, and a number of pistol models. As a result of the joint activities of Browning and Miroku in the 70s, the hunting 12-gauge smoothbore over-and-under Miroku Citori, the design of which was borrowed from the Browning Superposed B25, the Liege 12-gauge over-and-under shotgun, the 20-gauge horizontal B-SS and the single-barrel Model B were introduced -78. The Citori 20-gauge model, the Citori Trap&Skeet and the B-2000 self-loading shotgun with a gas-operated reloading system also appeared on sale. In 1977, Miroku and Fabrique Nationale acquired the Browning Arms Company and a new one was created in Belgium. The Auto-5 self-loading shotgun began to be produced at the Miroku plant, and the B125 vertical rifle was launched at the Fabrique Nationale plant in Erstal. The BAR hunting carbine began to be manufactured in Portugal. In 1978, Browning celebrated its 100th anniversary. In honor of the anniversary, a high-end Superposed Continental shotgun and a number of other exclusive weapon models were released. The B-2000 self-loading shotgun was discontinued in 1980, replacing this model with the new development of the B-80, created in conjunction with. The Model 81 BLR lever-action rifle, the A-Bolt manual repeating rifle, the A-500G gas-operated shotgun, and many other Browning innovations were introduced in the 1980s. In the last decade of the twentieth century, the Browning company proposed one of its most famous innovations - Back-Bored barrel drilling, which began to be used on almost all models of smoothbore shotguns except for exclusive examples. The company's assortment has been expanded with a self-loading Gold model with an automatic gas system that allows the use of cartridges of any caliber, a BAR II carbine with an improved gas system, a number of models based on the B125 double-barreled shotgun, as well as numerous modifications of the Gold shotgun and the BAR carbine. Production of the legendary Auto-5 shotgun was discontinued in 1998. was again re-registered as "Browning International sa", a name it still bears to this day.
Ammunition for M2
Over the long period of service, the “double M” acquired a huge assortment of ammunition. It is interesting to note that .50BMG (12.7x99 mm) stands for “Browning Machine Gun”
Due to the “M+Index” classification adopted by the American troops, confusion may arise, but it is important to understand that the presented list will focus specifically on 50-caliber cartridges
So, dividing them by class and listing them in order of use:
- General purpose: M1923, M2, M3, M33;
- Armor-piercing: APM M1923, AP M2, AP M2 Alternate, AP M3, M903, M962;
- Tracers: TM 1923, M1 Tracer, M1 Tracer Alternate, M2 Tracer, M10, M17, M21;
- Armor-piercing incendiary: M8;
- Armor-piercing incendiary tracer: M20;
- Incendiary: M1, M1 Alternate, M23;
- Universal: MK 211.
The Alternate marking meant cheaper versions of ammunition due to the shortage of necessary metals during the war. Most of the list presented has been withdrawn from service in favor of more advanced models, but there is reason to believe that due to a certain conservatism of American generals, the old but reliable M2 will “survive” until the next generation of cartridges appears.
.50BMG cartridges (12.7x99 mm) and spent cartridges
Tactical and technical properties of Browning M2
| Cartridge: | .50 BMG |
| Caliber: | .50 inch |
| Weight, machine gun body: | 38.22 kg. |
| Weight, on the machine: | 58.6 kg. |
| Length: | 1653 mm |
| Barrel length: | 1143 mm |
| Number and direction of rifling in the barrel: | 8 right-hand |
| Rate of fire: | 480–650 rounds/min |
| Fuse: | No |
| Aim: | n/a |
| Effective range: | 800 m |
| Sighting range: | 1830 m |
| Initial bullet speed: | 895 m/s |
| Type of ammunition: | Loose cartridge strip |
| Number of cartridges: | 100 |
| Years of production: | since 1921 |
general information
By the time the United States entered World War I, their army, armed with one of the best rifles and the best pistol in the world, was completely unsatisfactorily equipped with light machine guns. This situation did not change even after General Pershing's expeditionary force was equipped with French Chauchat machine guns due to their low reliability and firepower.
In 1917, the famous designer John Moses Browning developed an extremely reliable and powerful automatic rifle, which entered service with the troops in early 1918. It provided sufficient reliability in the mud of the First World War trenches and an effective firing range of 1000 meters.
Browning BAR MK3
Although Browning does not make a semi-automatic AR rifle, the company began producing semi-automatic rifles in the early 20th century, long before the first AR was created.
With this in mind, Browning has released another version of the iconic BAR, which should serve as a reminder to AR creators of who came first.
The Browning BAR was originally produced as the M1918, a fully automatic .30-06 caliber light machine gun that was developed during World War I. It was not widely used then and was mastered by the US military only during World War II. It was also in service during the Korean and Vietnam Wars.
In 1967, Browning introduced the Browning Automatic Rifle (BAR), a semi-automatic sporting rifle for hunters, and this rifle is the direct progenitor of the new BAR MK 3 DBM. The 1967 BAR is classified as an automatic rifle, air-cooled and exhausted. The bolt was locked by a lever that was connected to the bolt carrier.The rifle had 20-round magazines and was offered in several Magnum calibers, such as 7mm Rem Mag., .300 Win.Mag., and .338 Win.Mag.
More firepower
The MK 3 DBM takes the best qualities of the original sports BARs and the subsequent BAR Mk II series. But in the era of "tactical solutions", Browning decided to rethink the concept with the creation of the DBM MK 3.
The DBM is equipped with a detachable box magazine that holds 10 rounds of .308 caliber. The rifle has magazine release buttons on both sides.
The rifle barrel is 46 cm long and has a twist of 1:12. The short barrel makes the BAR especially compact and convenient. In combination with the magazine capacity, this rifle is the optimal choice when hunting wild boar on rough terrain.
“It felt almost like a shotgun, allowing you to aim instinctively,” hunter Andrew McKean shares his impressions. “For me, this is a great alternative to AR.”
The maximum distance from which McKin shot from this rifle was 220 meters. This is probably a reasonable limit for a hunting weapon.
Fast and on target
When shooting at 100 meters with a 1-4x scope, the accuracy was about 5 cm, regardless of bullet style or weight. Using a higher magnification scope will likely yield better accuracy results, but these results reflect the actual performance of the rifle in the field.
One of the exercises that the BAR excelled at was rapid fire at steel plates at 100 meters from a low-ready firing position. The shotgun-like effectiveness McKean spoke of was clearly evident in this exercise.
The rifle also handles fast follow-up shots very well. The recoil of the rifle is very soft and the scope is easy to keep on target.
Ugly but effective
From an aesthetic point of view, the black polymer from which the stock is made is unimpressive. But in terms of functionality, there are no complaints about it - the stock is adjustable thanks to six inserts that allow you to change the pitch and take-off.
The BAR trigger is also similar to a shotgun trigger, which means it is a bit stiff. However, the force is moderate and amounts to 1.5 kg. The trigger mechanism can be removed from the rifle for cleaning by removing the three retaining pins located along the bottom of the aluminum receiver. To access the bolt rods, gas piston and recoil spring, you must unscrew the hex head fasteners located at the front.
If you're looking to buy a semi-automatic close-quarters hunting rifle but aren't keen on an AR-10, the BAR is an option worth considering. The big game hunting rifle that the AR strives to be is something that BAR has achieved a long time ago.
Half a century with a legend. Browning BAR carbine
In 1955, Remington introduced one of the first modern self-loading rifles chambered for the standard .30-06 Springfield cartridge. The new Model 740 Woodsmaster worked on the principle of removing powder gases. The main features of the Remington design were a detachable magazine and locking with lugs at the head of the bolt.
The Remington 740 Woodsmaster self-loading carbine in .30-06 Springfield was introduced in 1955 and was produced for 5 years
At first, Winchester was unable to compete with Remington, and only in 1960 did it begin production of the Model 100 gas-operated semi-automatic rotary bolt.
The Winchester 100 self-loading carbine appeared in 1960
In 1965, the Remington 740/742 and Winchester 100 received a competitor in the form of the Harrington & Richardson 300 self-loading rifle.
Advertisement for the Harrington & Richardson Ultra Automatic Rifle based on the Model 300
In 1966, on the initiative of Bruce W. Browning (grandson of the legendary John M. Browning), a group of specialists led by Marcel Ohlinger began work on a new self-loading rifle at FN in Belgium. The name of the BAR self-loading rifle project was Carbine 66. Browning BAR was officially presented to the public on July 17, 1967. Production of the first rifles was established at the Belgian FN plant, but in the early 1970s, assembly of the BAR rifles was moved to the FN plant in Portugal, where the weapon is still produced today.
First generation Browning BAR hunting self-loading carbine
To date, the Browning BAR design has generally remained unchanged, but over the 50 years of production it has been modified several times.
First generation Browning BAR rifle manufactured in 1991 with a rib for driven hunting and no release lever
The basis of the Browning BAR is a gas exhaust system and a rotating bolt, which is engaged directly with the barrel through seven lugs and is located in a completely closed receiver made of steel (currently made of high-strength light alloy).
The magazine box of the first generation Browning BAR is not separated from the receiver and folds down
The magazine latch is located directly behind the hinged cover, in front of the trigger guard and is easy to access. While the original model had a flip-up magazine, detachable magazines were later introduced.
The Browning BAR's magazine release slider is located between the trigger guard and the magazine cover
The safety locking only the trigger is made in a typical American style - in the form of a button. Until now, it is located at the rear of the trigger guard. Early on, the Browning BAR was offered in .243 Winchester, .308 Winchester, .30-06 Springfield and .270 Winchester calibers. In 1968, magnum cartridges were added: 7 mm Remington Magnum, .300 Winchester Magnum and .338 Winchester Magnum. Compared to its competitors, the BAR was the only model in magnum calibers for many years. It took some time for European competitors to penetrate the class.
The receiver has holes for mounting the optical sight bracket
The first generation rifles used barrels that were 22 inches (559 mm) long for standard calibers and 24 inches (610 mm) long for magnum calibers. In all variants, the BAR has a silent trigger; in early models the trigger force ranged from 1.4 to 2 kg. The Super Feather Trigger mechanism is currently installed, which is triggered with a force of approximately 1.1 kg. Until 1993, the Browning BAR was produced almost unchanged. Based on minor changes, collectors divide the first generation into Type 1 and Type 2. Type 1 is considered to be pre-1976 production. Type 2 is the first generation, produced from 1976 to 1992.
Browning BAR Mk II rifle with release lever
For collectors there is another tidbit dating back to the period before the transition to the release of an improved modification of the BAR Mk II in 1993, which is classified as the second generation. A brilliant point in the history of the first generation BAR was set by a series of 144 rifles dedicated to the states of the European Union, of which there were twelve at that time. For each country - twelve rifles.
In the third generation there are also versions with a plastic butt
This special edition features rich butt wood, finely cut grilles and decorative engraving on the receiver. On the top side of the receiver there is an outline of each country, depicted in gold inlay, as well as an individual number. The automatic gas engine and trigger mechanism were modernized. But the most noticeable change on the Mk II variant is the lever on the right side of the receiver, in its lower part. By means of this lever, by simply pressing, you can release the shutter when it is in stop mode.
Third generation Browning BAR rifle with classic walnut stock
The BAR serial number can be used to determine the year of manufacture relatively easily. In the first two years, the serial number digits followed the M7 and M8 markings. M7 was the marking for rifles made in 1967, and M8 in 1968. Since 1969, the serial number has been preceded by two numbers and the letter "M". Therefore, the rifle with the number 69M1000 dates back to 1969.
The Browning Mk III Eclipse has an engraved nickel-plated receiver and a walnut stock.
The next change to the labeling system occurred in 1976. The first three digits "137" indicate the first generation BAR. Then follow two letters, between M and Z. In this case, M means the number 0. Then comes N - the number 9. And so they get to the number 1 - the letter Z. This way they get the year. Example: 137NZ03001 - a rifle manufactured in 1991. The BAR Mk II, produced since 1993, generally retains this designation system. But at the same time, the numbers indicating the type have changed. For the Mk II with a steel receiver, the designation 107 appeared, and for lightweight versions - 1D7. This numbering system was used until 1997.
Browning BAR Light Evolve has a walnut stock and a light-colored receiver
Since 1998, all BAR modifications have received the number 311. According to this system, a rifle with the number 311ZV05000 was manufactured in 2015. Further modification occurred in the MK III line. Now all BARs have an external, easily distinguishable feature - a uniform shape of the upper edge of the receiver. It is beveled in a straight line. On the first generation models, a hump was visible. With the advent of the Mk II modification in the 1990s, the number of options became almost endless, which continued in the Mk III modification. A central role is played by the change in receiver material from steel to light alloy, undertaken in the second generation models. If at first this theme was developed “on two tracks”, today the BAR Mk III is dominated by the light alloy design. However, there is still the Safari Mk II version - with a steel box. It has the old shape and stock design of the first generations.
The receiver of the Mk III model is made from high-strength light alloy
Next, they began to distinguish between Short Track and Long Track receiver options in accordance with the length of the cartridge. The Short Track system also offers WSM calibers with 23-inch (584 mm) barrels. From time to time, other alternatives are offered along with the named calibers, for example .22-250 Remington. A little later, the 9.3×62 caliber was added to the program. Next, we need to distinguish between offers for the North American and European markets. There are differences in calibers, stock designs, coatings and engravings. A new chapter is the BAR models with the BOSS (Ballistic Optimizing Shooting System), a combination of an adjustable balancing weight and a muzzle brake. This option is currently only available on the Mk II Safari variant offered for the US market. The expected new product was the BAR Mk III Composite model, which has versions for both right-handed and left-handed shooters. This model is distinguished by a black plastic stock, as well as a rib for driven hunting and a red fiber optic front sight.
The Browning BAR Mk III Tracker is an exceptionally lightweight variant with a plastic stock and orange inserts.
The BAR Mk III Composite is produced in .308 Winchester, .30-06 Springfield, .300 Winchester Magnum and 9.3x62 calibers. The fluted barrel is 21 inches (533 mm) long. You can choose between a permanent magazine, a flip-down magazine or a detachable box magazine. The new modification of the Mk III Composite also has a system for manually pumping the mainspring. This model abandoned the previous concept of long and short receiver; it has the same receiver length for all calibers.
View of the Browning BAR Tracker with the new manual mainspring blower. The blower slider is locked with a button and can move silently
To celebrate the model's 50th anniversary, an exclusive run of 1,000 Browning BAR rifles was produced. The BAR Mk III 50th Anniversary is available in a choice of .308 Winchester, .30-06 Springfield, .300 Winchester Magnum or 9.3x62 calibers.
Browning BAR is also available in special versions. Here is a celebration of the 100th anniversary of the .30-06 Springfield cartridge
The Jubilee rifle has a 21-inch (533 mm) fluted barrel with a typical European driven hunting rib and front sight with a red plastic insert. The walnut stock is made from grade 4 wood and is oil-impregnated. The silver receiver is decorated with engraving (boar and deer). You can choose between two store options.
Browning BAR Mk III 50th Anniversary carbine
It would be useful to recall the models that are based on the Browning BAR design. For example, this is a 1997 BPR (Browning Pump Rifle) reloading rifle for countries where self-loading rifles are prohibited. Also based on the BAR system was the Acera straight action rifle with a solid stock, the reason for the appearance of which was the popularity of the Blaser R93 model. The Browning Maral straight action model, equipped with a manual mainspring mechanism, also features BAR features.
Browning Maral carbine made by Nordic for Scandinavian countries
Overall, the Browning BAR is one of the most successful semi-automatic hunting rifles available. The reasons for this success, along with the quality of workmanship, are the good accuracy of fire, as well as the safety of the BAR in operation, which has been meeting customer requirements for five decades. Given the variety of models and numerous modifications, the BAR is an interesting collector's item.
Hans J. Heigel, translated by Mikhail Dragunov
Belgian production
The Belgian FN factory produced the Browning rifle until 1939. From there, various modifications of the BAR of various calibers were supplied to the armies of different countries around the world. The Poles also created a production line for the production of such rifles, but opted for the 7.92 mm caliber (in Belgium the main caliber was 7.5 mm).
After 1939, many Polish-made rifles found their way into the USSR; they were also used by Wehrmacht soldiers. The Poles valued BAR very much and even installed them on specially designed very complex and heavy tripod machines, including for use as an anti-aircraft weapon.
A little history
The basis on which the Browning M1921 and Browning M2 multi-caliber machine guns were developed is considered by most professionals to be the 7.62 mm (7.92 mm) Browning system machine guns - M1917 and M1919. Their development began during the First World War, and the M1917 still managed to take part in it. The M1919 with an air-cooled barrel was put into service after its completion. These machine guns were in service with the American army until the 70s and also proved themselves in a huge number of armed conflicts.
The design and operating mechanism of the Browning M2 automatic is very similar to the M1917 and M1919 machine guns, the main difference is only the caliber of the gun - the “double M” uses a 12.7x99 mm NATO cartridge.
custom_block(1, 37104499, 5696);
Ammunition for the multi-caliber machine gun did not appear immediately. The 12.7x99 mm cartridge (.50 BMG) was created in 1919, its prototype was the German 13.25x92 mm SR anti-tank rifle cartridge. At first, Browning wanted to make a new gun chambered for the French 11x59 mm R cartridge, but the South American General Pershing insisted on a 12.7 mm caliber. A bullet of this caliber had the highest penetration ability; at a distance of 100 meters it simply pierced a 25-mm sheet of armor.
The Browning M1921 multi-caliber machine gun appeared in 1921, its design was very similar to the M1919 machine gun. It had a water-cooled barrel and weighed 54.8 kg including the machine. The firing rate of the Browning M1921 was 500-650 rounds per minute. Due to its large mass, this machine gun was mainly used as an anti-aircraft gun.
In 1932, the Browning machine gun underwent a significant modernization, the main goal of which was to make this weapon more versatile. The new machine gun received the designation M2НВ (Heavy Barrel, which meant “heavy barrel”). He actually received a heavier barrel, which had the best effect on his rate of fire. The cooling of the new machine gun was made air, instead of the outdated water one. The M2 now has the ability to feed tape from both sides of the gun.
But the most important thing was something else: the modernization made it possible to use the machine gun both in aviation and as an anti-aircraft gun or infantry machine gun, without introducing any additional configurations into its design.
The battles of the 2nd World War confirmed the highest combat properties of the Browning M2; it combined reliability, ensured the highest density of fire, and its ammunition had sufficient power.
custom_block(5, 88166565, 5696);
Here are some fascinating figures regarding the production and use of the Browning machine gun. After all, if this weapon were worthless, it is unlikely that it would have been manufactured on such a scale.
During World War II, the South American industry produced more than 2 million Browning machine guns of various modifications, 400 thousand of which were intended for infantry. This machine gun became the favorite weapon of American aviation: it was installed on the P-40, P-47 (8 units), and P-51 aircraft. The B-17 strategic bomb carrier was protected by 13 Browning M2s.
These machine guns were installed on tanks, armored personnel carriers and even jeeps; the M2 was also intensively used as an anti-aircraft gun.
Apart from the USA, the Browning system machine gun was also produced in Sweden and Belgium. The South American military department has repeatedly tried to create a more advanced multi-caliber machine gun and send the “veteran” to retirement. One of these attempts was made in the early 70s. After testing the new models, the South American military asked the Pentagon not to do nonsense and return the old and reliable “double M” to them. At the end of the 70s, the creation of Browning M2 was resumed.
This machine gun has only one drawback - its very impressive weight; all other properties of the weapon completely suit the military. A distinctive feature of the Browning machine gun is its highest shooting accuracy; it has been used more than once as a multi-caliber sniper weapon. An optical sight can be installed on the M2, and the properties of the 12.7x99 mm ammunition fully allow targeted fire from the Browning at distances of up to 2 km. The record for a machine gun was hitting the enemy with a single shot at a distance of 2250 meters.
It must be emphasized that .50 BMG ammunition is used for multi-caliber sniper rifles.
Description
Below are the characteristics of this sample:
- Length/thickness/height – 163/22/115 mm.
- The barrel length is 122 mm.
- The number of rifling in the barrel is 6.
- Weight with empty magazine – 625 g.
- The starting flight speed of the ammunition is 270 m/s.
- The lethal effect of the bullet - from 10 meters the charge pierced four 25 mm boards placed between each other at a distance of 25 mm.
- Cartridge caliber – 7.65 mm Browning.
The cylindrical brass sleeve has a special groove. At its bottom there is a slightly larger diameter than the sleeve itself. A central ignition type primer is also installed there. The mass of the ammunition is 7.6 g, the length of the bullet is 11.7 mm, its diameter is 7.85 mm.
Browning FN weapons
Combat revolvers of the 1900 type were no longer relevant. The new model was designed by the legendary gunsmith John Browning. The pistol is chambered for the 7.65 mm cartridge, which was developed by him in 1896. The model replaced the obsolete predecessor, combining compactness, low weight, excellent balancing and ergonomic shape. Taken together, the pistol’s parameters, along with its affordable price, have made the modification extremely popular on the civilian weapons market.
Kozap Weaver bar, Browning BAR S.LTrac/Zenith, No.68, Art. 00010791
Article: #00010791
Buy Buy in 1 click Kozap Weaver strap, Browning BAR S.LTrac/Zenith, No.68 Mounting type weaver Length 180 mm BH: 5 mm Material: Steel Color: black, matte Weapon model Browning BAR S.LTrac/Zenith Weight 121 g .
Characteristics
You can take orders online 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.
We accept orders by phone and consultations from 9-00 to 20-00 on weekdays.
On weekends and holidays from 10-00 to 18-00.
- Return of goods and guarantees in accordance with the laws of the Russian Federation.
- You can order a courier for the return.
- The packaging must not be damaged, open and check carefully, its presentation and consumer properties must be preserved.
When paying, you can use any payment method convenient for you.
- Payment at a bank or post office in cash, by plastic card, or by transfer to our bank account.
- Payment is made by invoice, which is issued by the manager and sent to the specified email after placing the order.
- Payment through electronic payment systems Yandex cash desk or payment terminals. Payment is made after placing the order.
- Transfer to a Sberbank card (mobile bank, ATM, Sberbank on-line, etc.). The card number will be sent by e-mail after placing your order.
- By agreement with the manager, in some cases, it is possible to pay in cash to the courier for Moscow within the Moscow Ring Road. To be paid to the courier separately, the cost is 350 rubles. In the Moscow region, delivery costs from 350 rubles. Oversized cargo within the Moscow Ring Road, delivery cost 500 rubles.
- Payment for the order is made only in rubles with 100% prepayment.
- Be sure to check the availability of the goods for your order before paying.
Shipment within Russia is carried out within 1-2 days (depending on receipt of payment and time of ordering)
Attention! The cost of delivery to your point of delivery will be significantly lower than indicated by the courier service. The choice of delivery method depends on the desired timing of receiving the order, the cost of its delivery and can be carried out by the transport company SDEK, EMS, Russian Post, PonyExpress. Each shipment is coordinated with the client individually. You can find more detailed information in the PAYMENT AND DELIVERY section.
You can find more detailed information in the PAYMENT AND DELIVERY section.
Design
- Self-loading carbine with a gas piston located under the fore-end. Cold forged barrels, chrome plated on the inside and blued on the outside. In Flute models they are thick-walled, with flutes.
- The receiver is made of light alloy, with decorative trims made of wood or cupronickel (engraving).
- The bolt cylinder is rotating, with six lugs.
- The trigger mechanism is unregulated, the trigger is gold-plated. On the buttplate of the receiver there is a slider with a button that activates the release or arming lever.
- There is a mechanism for setting the bolt stop after firing the last cartridge. The release lever is located between the forend and the receiver, on the right side.
- The magazine is removable, the latch is located on the front branch of the trigger guard.
- The external sights are a Batyu rail with two green fiber-optic threads and a white stripe in the middle, as well as an open front sight with a red fiber-optic thread. There are no mounting holes for the rail for optical sights.
- The stock is semi-pistol, with a strongly pronounced grip and a butt with a “boar’s back” comb and a “Bavarian cheek” cushion. The butt plate is shock-absorbing, non-adjustable. It is possible to install swivels for the belt and bipod.
Browning BAR Zenith carbine with packaging (photo)
Description of design
Submarines of the Antey project are made according to a double-hull design: an internal durable hull is surrounded by a lightweight external hydrodynamic hull. The aft part of the vessel with its tail and propeller shafts generally resembles the Project 661 nuclear submarine.
The double-hull architecture has a number of advantages: it provides the ship with an excellent reserve of buoyancy and increases its protection against underwater explosions, but at the same time significantly increases the ship's displacement. The underwater displacement of the nuclear submarine of this project is approximately 24 thousand tons, of which about 10 thousand are water.
The durable hull of the submarine has a cylindrical shape, the thickness of its walls is from 48 to 65 mm.
The body is divided into ten compartments:
- torpedo;
- management;
- combat posts and radio room;
- Living spaces;
- electrical equipment and auxiliary mechanisms;
- auxiliary mechanisms;
- reactor;
- GTZA;
- rowing electric motors.
The ship has two areas for crew rescue: in the bow, where the pop-up camera is located, and in the stern.
The submarine's crew number is 130 people (according to other information - 112), the vessel's navigation autonomy is 120 days.
The Antey submarine cruiser has two OK-650B water-water reactors and two steam turbines that rotate propellers through gearboxes. The ship is also equipped with two turbogenerators, two DG-190 diesel generators (800 kW each) and two thrusters.
Submarines of the Antey project are equipped with the MGK-540 Skat-3 sonar system, as well as space reconnaissance, target designation and combat control systems. The cruiser can receive information from a satellite system or from aircraft in an underwater position using special antennas. The boat also has a towed antenna, which extends from a pipe located on the stern stabilizer.
The 949A submarines are equipped with the Symphony-U navigation system, which is characterized by increased accuracy, a large range and can process a significant amount of information.
The main type of nuclear submarine weapons are P-700 Granit anti-ship missiles. Missile containers are located on both sides of the wheelhouse, outside the boat's durable hull. Each of them has an inclination of 40°. The missile can carry a conventional (750 kg) or nuclear warhead (500 Kt). The firing range is 550 km, the missile speed is 2.5 m/s.
The submarine cruiser can conduct both single firing and launch anti-ship missiles in one salvo, firing up to 24 missiles at a time. Granit anti-ship missiles have a complex trajectory, as well as good noise immunity, which makes them a serious threat to any enemy. If we talk about the defeat of an aircraft carrier order, then the likelihood of this is especially high during salvo fire. It is believed that to sink an aircraft carrier, nine Granites must hit it, but even one accurate shot is enough to prevent aircraft from taking off from its deck.
In addition to missiles, Project 949A Antey submarines also have torpedo weapons at their disposal. The submarines have four torpedo tubes with a caliber of 533 mm and two with a caliber of 650 mm. In addition to regular torpedoes, they can fire missile torpedoes. Torpedo tubes are located in the bow of the ship. They are equipped with an automatic loading system, so they have a high rate of fire - the entire ammunition load can be fired in just a few minutes.
Trivia
- One of her quotes “Don't call me Auntie Bar! I'm not that old! is a Japanese word play on Bar-san (Miss BAR) and Obasan (Auntie, usually referring to an older woman).
- M1918 refers to herself as an “assault rifle”, despite being a MG. This is due to the BAR's usage in WWII: Bar gunners would fire 2-3 rounds at a time while they were constantly on the move, unlike true machine guns such as the MG42 which were used as stationary weapons and manned by two soldiers.
- M1918 BAR was also used as an Anti-Aircraft weapon against oncoming Japanese fighters and kamikazis. The 40-round magazine which implemented by the Polish Army alongside with stationary bipods, was equipped to increase AA capability to shoot down approaching low-flying fighters and dive bombers.
- In the game, however, the CG and chibi sprite models should be M1918A2 because the M1918 doesn't have a shoulder plate which implemented in by later models. In addition, M1918's handguard covers both barrel and gas cylinder tube while M1918A2's handguard only covers the gas tube.
- Some players like to call her as a 'poi' duplicate. Her hair style resembles the Japanese Navy Destroyer Ship, Yuudachi, from Japanese Browser Game Kantai Collection(KanColle). AC130, the official GF 4-coma creator, insert Yuudachi reference in his 4-coma in his pixiv. However, at in-game loading 4-coma, those reference was removed due to the copyrights.
- While other costumes and the base appearance of M1918 uses the US M1918A2 BAR, her Digimind Upgrade appearance uses an FN produced BAR, likely the FN Model D, as the basis for her rifle. The differences can be noted due to the change in rear sight to a Mauser style sight, buttstock shape, rear takedown pin, relief cuts above the fire control group and magwell, hinged sliding dustcover, lengthened magazine catch with trigger latch, different adjustable gas block , and magazine with X shaped reinforcing stamping. However the gas tube and barrel appear to remain as the original M1918 pattern.
Device Features
The gas outlet of the rifle is located under the barrel. The bolt is locked by a larva swinging in a vertical plane, which, after the bolt frame articulated with it comes to the front position, tilts upward, entering a special groove in the upper wall of the receiver and locking the bolt. Immediately after this, the bolt frame hits the firing pin shank, firing a shot. After the shot, the bolt frame is pulled back by a gas piston fixedly connected to it, as a result of which the cylinder returns to a horizontal position and unlocks the bolt. Shooting is carried out from an open bolt (“from the rear sear”). The return spring is located around the gas piston rod. The barrel is equipped with a compensator - a flame arrester. The shutter handle is on the left.
