Type of main battle tank
| Type 80 | |
| Type 80 with 105 mm rifled gun | |
| Type | Main battle tank |
| Place of origin | People's Republic of China |
| Service history | |
| In service | 1980–2005 (China) |
| Used | See Operators |
| Production history | |
| Developed | 1970s (Type 80) 1981–1987 (Type 88) |
| Manufacturer | The first engineering plant in Inner Mongolia |
| Options | Type 80/80-II Type 85/85-I/85-II/IIA/IIM/AP Type 88A/B/C |
| Characteristics | |
| Weight | 38–39.5 tons |
| Length | 6,325 m (10,369 m gun forward for Type 85-III) |
| Width | 3.372 m |
| Height | 2.29 m |
| Crew | 4 (3" Type 85-IIA / Type 88C) |
| Main weapons | Type 80/85: 105 mm rifled gun Type 83 or 83-I Type 85IA / Type 88C: 125 mm smoothbore gun |
| Secondary weapons | 7.62 mm coaxial machine gun 12.7 mm air defense machine gun |
| Engine | Diesel (Type 88C) [1] 730 hp (544 kW) (Type 88C) [1] |
| Operating range | 400 km (Type 88C) [1] |
| Maximum speed | 57.25 km/h (type 88C) [1] |
| vteTanks after the Cold War | |
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| In service |
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| Experimental and prototypes |
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Tank portal | |
B Type 80
(Chinese: 80式; pinyin:
Bashi Ling
) and
Type 88
(Chinese: 88式; pinyin:
Bāshibā Ling
) are a family of Chinese second-generation main battle tanks (MBTs).
They are also known as ZTZ80
and
ZTZ88
.
History[edit]
| This section requires additional links for verification . |
In the 1970s, China's main battle tank was the Type 59, a copy of the T-54 tank that was obsolete compared to modern Soviet and Western designs. Thus, the People's Liberation Army (PLA) requested new tanks that could match Russian designs, leading to the development of the Type 69 tank, which used some technology from the captured Soviet T-62 tank. However, the Type 69 did not meet the PLA requirements and was only successful for export, which was not used in the domestic market.
Further development of the tank began, resulting in the WZ122, Type 80 and Type 90 prototypes. The Type 80 began development in 1980 under Plant 617 with 201 Institutes, 447 Plants and 616 Plants. [2] [ Self-published source
] None of the prototypes entered service.
A fundamentally new tank based on the Type 80 chassis was developed for export. It was named Type 85 and was sold as the “Storm”. However, the Storm series tanks failed to interest potential buyers. Starting with the Type 85-IIA, the tank had an extended corner turret with a copy of the T-72 125 mm gun with automatic loader. The Type 85-IIM variant eventually attracted the attention of the Pakistani government and was exported under the designation Type 85-IIAP.
The Type 85-III was renamed the Type 88C for domestic production. [3] [ self-published source
] The Type 88C was renamed the Type 96 and modernized in the 1990s.
Links
Second generation M1 Abrams AMX-56 Leclerc K2 Black Panther MBT-70 ·
MBT 3000
·
Osório
· PT-91 · TR-85M1 ·
TR-125
· Arjun · Oplot BM · M2001 · M-84D ·
M95 Degman
· Al-Khalid · Leopard 2 · C1 Ariete · Songun-915 · Challenger 2 T
-55-64
T-64BV T-64BM T-
64E T
-72B T-72BA T-72B3 T-72M4 CZ T-80 T
-80A
T-80U T- 90 ·
T-90AM
·
T-84
· T-84U ·
T-84-120
· Merkava 3 and 4 · Type 90 · Type 10 · Type 85 · Type 96 · Type 99Third generation T-14 · FMBT ·
MBT-80
·
MCS
·
AltayItalic experimental samples or those that did not go into mass production were identified
NATO tanks Centurion Chieftain Vickers Challenger Leopard Leopard 2 OF-40 M46 Patton M47 Patton II M48 Patton III M60 M1 Abrams AMX-30 Tanks from third countries TAM Merkava Vijayanta Type 88 K1 Pz.61 Pz.68 Strv 103 Type 61 Type 74 Upgraded options M51 Shot Magah M4/FL10 Strv 74 Oliphant Medium tanks Type 58 Type 59 Heavy tanks WZ 111 Main battle tanks Type 69 Type 79 Type 80 Type 85 Type 88 · "Jaguar" *
Type 90-II
Type 96 Type 98 ZTZ-99 MBT 2000*
MBT-3000
*BMP Type 86 YW 307 Type 92 Type 97 ZBD-04 ZBD2000 ZBL-09 VN12 Airborne combat vehicles ZBD-03 Armored personnel carriers Type 55 Type 56 Type 63 WZ-511 WZ-523 ZSD-89 (YW 534) Type 90 (YW-535) Type 92A ZFB-05 BRM QL550 VN3 Self-propelled howitzers Type 70-I Type 83 Type 89 SH1 SH2 PLZ-05 PLZ-07 (SH3) PLZ-45 PLL-05 PLL-09 Self-propelled mortars PLL-09 ZSU and air defense systems Type 63 ·
Type 88
· PGZ-07 · PGZ-95 · LD-2000 · Yitian · FK-3 · Sky Dragon 50 · CS/SA-5Anti-tank self-propelled guns Type 89 PTL-02 BMRA (MLRS) Type 63 Type 81 Type 82 Type 83 Type 89 WS-1 WS-2 WS-3 A-100 PHL-03 AR1A AR3 WM-80 WM-120 ATGM combat vehicles WZ-550 BREM Type 653 * - produced only for export; italics experimental samples and those that did not go into mass production were identified
Design[edit]
The Type 80 inherited the Type 69/79 design philosophy, which combined Soviet chassis and turret with Western technology. Like the Type 69 series, the original Type 80 design had a hemispherical turret similar to the T-54/55. Another similarity was that the driver sat in the left front part of the body. [4] However, the Type 80 used an indigenous copy of the NATO 105 mm rifled gun instead of the Soviet 100 mm rifled gun. It was also the first Chinese design to use a system of six road wheels and three road wheels. [4] [ self-published source
]The first Chinese tanks with applied composite armor were later variants of the Type 80 family.[5]
The Type 85-I (Storm-1) series featured a new welded turret design that was angular instead of the usual bowl-shaped design. Type 85IIAP/M was the first tank in the series to be equipped with a 125 mm smoothbore gun.
Design of the Toure 88 tank
The main tank Tour 88 has a classic layout, with the engine and transmission compartment located aft. The hull is welded, with multi-layer armor in the frontal part. The hemispherical cast turret is similar in design to the turret of the Tour 79 tank.
The driver is located in the front of the hull on the left side, the tank commander and gunner are in the turret, to the left of the gun, and the loader is on the right.
The tank is equipped with an improved Type 37A fire control system (gun stabilizer, combined commander and gunner sights, a laser rangefinder integrated into the gunner's sight, and an electronic ballistic computer), developed with the participation of the English company Marconi.
All optical devices have a special coating to protect them from radiation from a nuclear explosion. In addition, a special built-in sight alignment system is installed, which can be used by both the commander and the gunner.
And this is a variant of Type 85, a modification of Type 88, equipped with a 125-mm cannon, a copy of the Soviet 2A46
Auxiliary weapons include a 7.62 mm machine gun coaxial with the cannon and a 12.7 mm anti-aircraft machine gun mounted on the loader's hatch turret. There are 4 smoke grenade launchers installed on the sides of the tower, interlocked in pairs. The commander or gunner can fire from them. Behind the grenade launchers are boxes with spare grenades. At the rear of the tower there is a lattice basket for property, to which a container with a pipe for underwater driving is attached.
The tank's chassis includes six dual-slope road wheels per side. The track rollers are borrowed from the universal tracked chassis Toure 321. The track is equipped with asphalt running rubber pads.
The tank is equipped with a collective anti-nuclear protection system, operating on the principle of creating excess pressure inside the crew compartment, as well as an automatic fire extinguishing system and setting up smoke screens.
Chinese tanks of the late 20th century look like wild hybrids of various foreign equipment, somehow molded into a single whole
Options [edit]
The "M" in the designation denotes a variant primarily intended for export. [6]
Type 80[edit]
Type 80
The first Chinese tank of the second generation. [7] Uses an old-style cast steel round turret with a new chassis. [7] [8] Crew of four. [9] Export version of Type 88. [8]
Type 80-I
Export version. It differs from the Type 80-II in caliber 105 mm. gun mount. [8]
Type 80-II
Export version. It differs from Type 80-I in the 105 mm type. gun mount. [8]
Type 88[edit]
Type 88
Domestic version of the Type 80. Uses an old-style cast steel round turret with a new chassis. [7] Domestic version Type 80. [8]
Type 88A
Domestic version Type 80-I. Export version. It differs from Type 88B in the 105 mm type. gun mount. [8]
Type 88B
Domestic version Type 80-II. It differs from Type 88A in the 105 mm type. gun mount. [8]
Type 88C
Domestic version Type 85-III. Uses an angle welded turret. [10] Armed with 125 mm. smoothbore shotgun with automatic loader. [11] Equipped with a JSFCS-212 fire control system (with a laser range finder, ballistic computer, stabilized gunner's sight and two-axis gun stabilization) and a Type 889B radio with a range of up to 30 km. [1] Later renamed Type 96. [10] [11]
Type 85[edit]
Type 85
Chassis type 80/88 with welded turret. [7] [11]
Type 85-I
[11]
Type 85-II
[11]
Type 85-IIM
Armed with 125 mm.
smoothbore shotgun with automatic loader. [10] [11] Crew of three. [12] The export designation to Pakistan may be Type 85-IIA
[10] or
Type 85-IIAP
. [eleven]
Type 85-III
Upgrade for Type 85 with 1000 hp engine. , high-explosive reactive armor, improved fire control system and thermal imaging night sight. [10]
- Type 88A tanks
- Sturm-1 / Type 85-I. Designation of the prototype for export. Never mass produced. Welded turret on Type 80 chassis.
- Type 85-IIM variant with 125 mm gun
- Type 85-III
Characteristics of the main tank Toure 88
A country:ChinaType:Main tankDate of issue:1984Length:9.37 mWidth:3.37 mHeight:2,30Armor, forehead:No informationArmor, side:150 mmArmor, tower:203 mmCrew:4 peopleEngine:Diesel VR36, power 730 hp.Travel range:430 kmMaximum speed:60 km/hWeight:38.5 tonsWeapons:1x 105 mm Ture 83 cannon (48 rounds), 1x 7.62 mm Type 59T machine gun (2250 rounds), 1x 12.7 mm Ture 54 anti-aircraft machine gun (500 rounds), 8 smoke grenade launchers.
Excerpt describing Type 88
Kutuzov turned around. It was clear that the officer could control his face as he wanted: the minute Kutuzov turned around, the officer managed to make a grimace, and after that take on the most serious, respectful and innocent expression. The third company was the last, and Kutuzov became thoughtful, apparently remembering something. Prince Andrei stepped out from his retinue and said quietly in French: “You ordered a reminder of the demoted Dolokhov in this regiment.” -Where is Dolokhov? – asked Kutuzov. Dolokhov, already dressed in a soldier’s gray overcoat, did not wait to be called. The slender figure of a blond soldier with clear blue eyes stepped out from the front. He approached the commander-in-chief and put him on guard. - Claim? – Kutuzov asked, frowning slightly. “This is Dolokhov,” said Prince Andrei. - A! - said Kutuzov. “I hope this lesson will correct you, serve well.” The Lord is merciful. And I will not forget you if you deserve it. Blue, clear eyes looked at the commander-in-chief as defiantly as at the regimental commander, as if with their expression they were tearing apart the veil of convention that so far separated the commander-in-chief from the soldier. “I ask one thing, Your Excellency,” he said in his sonorous, firm, unhurried voice. “Please give me a chance to make amends for my guilt and prove my devotion to the Emperor and Russia.” Kutuzov turned away. The same smile in his eyes flashed across his face as when he turned away from Captain Timokhin. He turned away and winced, as if he wanted to express that everything that Dolokhov told him, and everything that he could tell him, he had known for a long, long time, that all this had already bored him and that all this was not at all what he needed . He turned away and headed towards the stroller. The regiment disbanded in companies and headed to assigned quarters not far from Braunau, where they hoped to put on shoes, dress and rest after difficult marches. -You don’t lay claim to me, Prokhor Ignatyich? - said the regimental commander, driving around the 3rd company moving towards the place and approaching Captain Timokhin, who was walking in front of it. The regimental commander’s face expressed uncontrollable joy after a happily completed review. - The royal service... it’s impossible... another time you’ll end it at the front... I’ll apologize first, you know me... I thanked you very much! - And he extended his hand to the company commander. - For mercy's sake, general, do I dare! - answered the captain, turning red with his nose, smiling and revealing with a smile the lack of two front teeth, knocked out by the butt under Ishmael. - Yes, tell Mr. Dolokhov that I will not forget him, so that he can be calm. Yes, please tell me, I kept wanting to ask how he is, how he is behaving? And that’s all... - Very serviceable in his service, Your Excellency... but the charterer... - said Timokhin. - What, what character? – asked the regimental commander. “Your Excellency finds, for days,” said the captain, “that he is smart, learned, and kind.” It's a beast. He killed a Jew in Poland, if you please... “Well, yes, well,” said the regimental commander, “we must still feel sorry for the young man in misfortune.” After all, great connections... So you’re the one... “I’m listening, Your Excellency,” Timokhin said, smiling, making it feel like he understood the boss’s wishes. - Yes Yes. The regimental commander found Dolokhov in the ranks and reined in his horse. “Before the first task, epaulets,” he told him. Dolokhov looked around, said nothing and did not change the expression of his mockingly smiling mouth.
