Military uniform of Russian military personnel - features, history and interesting facts

Psychology and history of uniforms

Every person has to wear a uniform more than once in their life. Everyone’s attitude towards this phenomenon is different, just as its social meaning and perception by many people differ. The main purpose of wearing any uniform is to show that a person belongs to a certain type of activity or social class.

Since ancient times, wearing certain clothes has determined a person's social status: better furs and fabrics are a sign of higher status in society. The very first military uniform in human history was the scarlet cloak worn by the Spartan warriors in Ancient Greece. Later, chain mail and coat of arms insignia on shields and flags became a distinctive attribute of the military.

Then uniforms began to appear not only as belonging to military personnel, but also clothing for schoolchildren and factory workers. In the Russian Empire, the first school uniform appeared in 1834 and became a source of pride for gymnasium students.

Wearing a military uniform embodies the idea of ​​control and carries coded information about a person. A military man wearing a uniform is subject to certain rules, compliance with which is clearly defined by the regulations. This imposes some obligations and imprint on the personality, determines the rules of his behavior. Deviations from them are associated with disobedience and even sabotage, with the manifestation of individuality. Thus, wearing any uniform has a dual meaning on the person who wears it.

Wearing military uniforms and standard uniforms has a disciplinary effect on people and helps to influence the mind and body, since it presupposes the formation of a certain physique and military bearing. However, it also necessitates subordination, the transformation of the individual strength of one person into the collective power of an army. Military uniform is also an ideological tool, a means of shaping physical and mental activity.

Clothes of the Russian Armed Forces

Changes occurred in the military uniform of the Russian army after the collapse of the USSR. The parade version was equivalent to the field version with minor differences. It remained in this form until 2008. Sometimes adjustments were made, but minor ones.

Olive has become the main color of everyday Russian military equipment. Overcoats have given way to winter coats. The usual military jackets were replaced with jackets with pockets. Stripes, chevrons, and distinctive insignia helped to recognize representatives of different types of troops.

The field uniform of the Russian military consisted of a jacket with 6 pockets, two of which were located on the chest, the same number on the lower part and on the sleeves. The camouflage colors were brown, green and dark green. The trousers had two flap pockets. A badge was attached to the collar, indicating membership in the branch of the military.

A camouflage cap with a cockade and ankle boots completed the military look. In winter, the kit was complemented by a warm jacket with a fur collar not only for warrant officers, sergeants and officers, but also for ordinary soldiers. In cold weather they wore a hat with earflaps with a cockade. A sword belt was provided for officers.

Despite the changes that occurred in military equipment after the collapse of the USSR, the cut and color scheme were preserved. This is especially true for the jackets of junior and senior officers. The dress uniform of the Russian military differed from the combat uniform in several elements.

The piping on the cuffs of the jackets was abolished. In winter, astrakhan hats were worn. The coat of arms of the Russian Federation was placed on the cap, and on the sides of the uniform they began to wear a sign that made it possible to recognize the types of troops. The senior officers had embroidered gold leaves on their sides. Women began to wear caps instead of berets.

History of Russian military clothing

In Ancient Rus' there was practically no uniform for the military, since there were no permanent troops. Until the 17th century, each prince had at his disposal a squad, which was dressed in the usual clothes of that time. However, during an attack or defense of the city, its representatives wore protective armor on top.

The first attempt to create the same military uniform (clothing) was made during the formation of the Streltsy regiments in the 17th century. Then red caftans appeared, more than once painted by Russian artists in works of art (“Streltsy” by S. Ivanov and others). Such clothing was called a colored dress, and its color meant belonging to different regiments. There was also a ceremonial uniform that the archers wore during church holidays: it was supplemented with good-quality boots and a fur hat.

How it all began

For a long time in Rus' there was no single military uniform as such, because there were practically no standing troops. Until the 17th century, there were separate princely squads, clothing was not very different from what civilians wore, except that during battle they also wore protective armor. The first attempt to create some semblance of a unified military uniform was made in the Streltsy regiments in the 17th century, it was then that the caftans familiar to us from the paintings of Vasily Surikov (“Morning of the Streltsy Execution”) and Sergei Ivanov (“Streltsy”) appeared. They were called “colored dresses” and their color was determined by belonging to a particular regiment. In addition, the ceremonial uniform of the Streltsy, worn only on special occasions, for example, on major church holidays, included a fur-trimmed hat and good-quality boots .

"Sagittarius". Sergey Ivanov

The next page in the history of Russian military uniforms was written by Peter I. And he, as you know, put a bloody end to the short existence of the Streltsy regiments. To replace the disbanded Streltsy troops, repressed for opposing Peter in the struggle for power, the future emperor created a regular army. At the same time, in many ways, including his uniform, he was guided by foreign models. The uniform in Peter's troops was a camisole, an outer caftan, tight trousers, stockings, and shoes with a buckle. The costume was completed with an epancha - a wide sleeveless round cloak with a hood and a flattened cocked hat. The main colors chosen were blue , green and red .

At first, the officer uniform of Peter's army differed little from the soldier's uniform. Then they introduced the “commander’s insignia” - an officer’s scarf . This detail was borrowed from the Swedes, with the exception of the colors, which reproduced the colors of the Russian flag. According to the rules, the scarf was worn over the right shoulder and tied at the left thigh, but our officers adapted to wear it around the waist - it was more convenient in battle. Peter's scarf, with modifications, has survived to the present day - in the form of a ceremonial officer's belt. Peter I also introduced shoulder straps ; by 1762, they began to distinguish soldiers of one regiment from soldiers of another, and later, soldiers from officers.

Army of Peter I

Peter I re-equipped his army immediately after rearmament. The Russian army has already arrived at the walls of the Azov fortress in new shortened caftans. The German uniform became the model for the infantrymen's clothing: Peter's guards were dressed in a dark green cloth caftan, decorated with red cuffs with 4 copper buttons. A scarlet shoulder strap was attached to the left shoulder, onto which the sling of a bag with cartridges was hung. Underneath they wore a vesta camisole, which was fastened with small buttons, and even lower was a white shirt. Pants were made from good cloth, and for cavalrymen - from elk skin, knee-length. Below they wore stockings and blunt-toed shoes. For the hike, they were given boots, and in bad weather, a raincoat with a double collar.

The army and guards units differed in the color of their uniforms: the Semyonovtsy wore red and blue, the Preobrazhentsy wore red and green. Bow ties were also sewn for officers, which were tied around the neck, with the ends hanging down to the chest. the colors differed for different ranks and branches of the military.

The uniform of the officers was distinguished by a richer decor: embroidered gold braid on the cocked hat and caftan, silk multi-colored scarves with tassels (the colors of the Russian flag) and others. However, it was distinguished by its narrow cut and inconvenience when wearing.

Uniform in the USSR

After the coup of 1917, the form changed radically. The shoulder straps remained as a relic of the tsarist army. A year later, cloth helmets appeared, which are now called budenovkas. It was only in 1943 that the gradual return to a uniform uniform became more noticeable. The changes also affected the ceremonial military uniforms of the armed forces.

The artillerymen dressed in red and black, and the Cossack troops were restored to their traditional uniforms. Budenovka was cancelled. Until 1965, the basic form was established and transformed, acquiring a look close to the modern one.

The officer's dress uniform was steel-colored and featured buttonholes depicting the emblem of the Russian troops. The jacket, white shirt, and tie corresponded to the army. Cockades with a star and edging with green leaves came into use.

Later the changes were not so significant. Occasionally adjustments were made, for example, by 1972, the tunic was replaced by a tunic. The famous Afghans (field suits) appeared after the military operations of the same name.

Uniform in the army of Catherine and other Russian tsars

During Catherine's reign, Prince Potemkin first raised the question of convenience for soldiers and officers when wearing military uniforms. The tradition of wearing wigs was abolished, and uniforms were replaced with more practical and wide ones; trousers began to be tucked into boots. Soldiers wore helmets on their heads to protect them from saber strikes.

With Paul coming to power, the uncomfortable uniform returned to the army, as did the wearing of wigs and uncomfortable patent leather shoes (which chafed their feet). Moreover, for non-compliance with this form, people could be exiled to Siberia.

Under Alexander II, Russian military uniforms were restored to their aesthetic appearance and comfort. The more spacious cut made it possible to wear warm underwear, which was a salvation for soldiers in the cold winter months. Military overcoats were introduced into use, with a warm cap on top. The cut was chosen to be simpler, so in appearance the Russian military uniform began to resemble peasant clothing. Its production was cheaper, and in order to save money, the king issued a decree that money for uniforms was deducted from the salaries of soldiers and officers.

At the beginning of the 20th century, after the Russo-Japanese War, single-breasted tunics with a stand-up collar were introduced into the uniform set of the Russian military; the color chosen was protective green, the fastener was made with 5 buttons, and pockets were added. Having become popular, this style was called “French” in honor of the British general.

Peter's reforms and subsequent years

The reforms of Peter the Great, which began at the end of the 17th century, turned the Russian army into one of the most formidable in Europe, and the country itself was elevated to the rank of an empire. The military uniform was also changed. The old Streltsy caftans evoked sincere disgust in Peter, since they reminded him of the Streltsy rebellion, because of which the Tsar almost lost his throne, and symbolized old Russia.

The new uniform was modeled after the strongest (at that time) European army - the Swedish.

It was distinguished by its comparative simplicity and convenience, especially considering the time in which it was developed. Russian soldiers received a caftan that was approximately knee-length, with a red camisole underneath it.

The caftan in the infantry was painted green, while the wide cuffs on the sleeves, as well as some details, were red. Depending on the supplier, as well as the length of service of the soldier himself, the colors could vary from dark green to almost turquoise.

In the first case, different paints could be used. In the second case, the fabric faded. In the future, the situation will improve after fabric production factories are organized. The cavalry wore dark blue caftans. On top of it, instead of an overcoat, the soldier was given an epancha, a thick woolen cloak.

The legs were covered by knee-length pants, worn along with stockings. The color of the stockings varied, the army wore green stockings, the guards, “Preobrazhentsy” and “Semyonovtsy” wore red ones. According to unconfirmed documents, this is connected with Peter’s first major battle. The failure at Narva, when the Russian army was defeated, forged the guard.

The Preobrazhensky and Semenovsky regiments stood “knee-deep in blood” until the end of the battle, and they alone were allowed to leave with banners and weapons. The shoes used were blunt-toed boots with buckles.

Cavalrymen wore high boots that had a bell for ease of putting on.

On their heads, fusiliers, as soldiers armed with a fusée or musket were called, wore cocked hats that were fashionable at the time, usually black. Grenadiers, distinguished by their special position in the army due to their strength and height, wore caps called grenadiers. Bombardiers had leather caps with a copper forehead, on which was placed some image associated with their specialty or regimental traditions.

The design of the officer's uniform was no different from the soldier's uniform. But a rich nobleman who served in the regiment could afford any fabric and any decoration, if only he had the money. On the battlefield, officers were distinguished by plumes, feathers and other decorations on their hats, as well as gorgets. These were small metal plates worn near the collarbones, on which were either a coat of arms or an image of some regimental insignia.

Subsequently, the form followed the path of complication. The army of the 18th century demanded that soldiers be cogs in the impeccable mechanism of linear tactics. Therefore, great attention was paid to discipline and detachment from all emotions. Thus, the soldiers in the barracks were supposed to be occupied exclusively with the affairs of service.

To do this, additional belts were introduced that needed to be cleaned, buttons, the cleanliness of which took a lot of time, as well as special hairstyles, nicknamed breeding grounds for lice. Sometimes it took several hours to create it. Long hair was moistened with kvass, then sprinkled with flour, and so on several times. The gray crust of flour and hair that formed on the head, formed into a braid and curls, and curls at the temples, was left for several days.

Again, the comfort of a soldier was thought about under Prince Potemkin and Alexander Suvorov.

They, with the support of Catherine II the Great, advocate simplification of the form, the introduction of more comfortable and wide trousers instead of narrow leggings, as well as spacious uniforms. Suvorov's soldiers, who had repeatedly proven their combat effectiveness, were delighted with the innovations.

But with the accession of Paul I, the countdown begins. The new emperor, trying to strengthen discipline in the army, is tightening the screws, returning to curls and braids. What was good at the parades did not work in the active army, and first Suvorov and Pavel find a compromise, and then both go to another world of their own or someone else’s will.

In Paul's defense, it can be mentioned that for the first time he introduced the legendary greatcoats into the army, which saved the lives of soldiers during the winter campaigns of the Napoleonic and all subsequent wars.

Form after the revolution

After 1917, during the Civil War, the uniform of the Red Army was not unified: the only distinctive feature was a scarlet ribbon with the inscription “Red Guard”, which was worn on a sleeve or hat. In 1918, an original cloth headdress appeared, which was later called “Budenovka” (at first it was called “heroka”). Shoulder straps were abolished, replaced by distinctive squares and triangles that could be used to identify rank and troops.

The wearing of the emblem in the form of a red star was approved in May 1918, which became a symbol of the young state. It was worn on an overcoat, jacket, tunic, etc.

In 1922, the Revolutionary Military Council issued a decree on the transition to new regulated uniforms, and the old uniform was canceled. Much attention was paid to insignia, which were sewn onto the sleeve flap, buttonholes and other forms. They differed in color, shape, etc. The basic uniform consisted of a cloth overcoat and helmet, a tunic shirt, riding breeches, boots or boots. The cloth used was dark gray made of wool, the shirt was gray made of dyed cotton fabric.

Between two wars

By the First World War, the military uniform reached almost unchanged, except that the uniform of the Guards cavalry regiments of the era of Alexander II was gradually restored. Army officers were assigned a braided shoulder harness, instead of the simple leather one introduced by Alexander III. khaki jacket was introduced into the Russian army as a summer uniform. It became very popular and was called “French”, named after the English General French.

Emperor Nicholas II and Empress Alexandra Feodorovna in Livadia (1902). Nicholas II with Tsarevich Alexei (1917).

After the revolution, a completely new round in the history of the military uniform of our country began. At first, the Red Army could not afford any standardized uniforms. The only difference between the military was the red ribbons with the inscription “Red Guard” on the sleeves and headdresses. Then a very strange-looking uniform was proposed, in which all previous military experience was ignored - it was so clumsily decorated with multi-colored elements that if the country’s economy had allowed its mass production, then in the first battle the army would have become an ideal target for the enemy. In 1918, cloth helmets appeared, which were called first “heroka”, then “frunzevka”, and then a more familiar name appeared - “ budenovka ”. As a relic of the tsarist army shoulder straps and were replaced by squares and triangles, defining types of troops and ranks. It was decided to return to shoulder straps only in 1943.

Red Army soldier in budenovka (1926).

By 1943, at the turning point of the Great Patriotic War, not only shoulder straps - there was a gradual restoration of other traditions of the uniform of the pre-revolutionary Russian army. A full dress uniform was introduced for all categories of military personnel, their instrument colors of black and red were returned to artillerymen, and a traditional uniform was established for Cossack units. Many signs of the Red Army are disappearing, including the famous “ Budenovka ” being cancelled.

Victory parade. 1945

Red Army uniform

In 1924, the Workers 'and Peasants' Red Army (RKKA) introduced another military uniform, consisting of a tunic with a turn-down collar and pockets, an overcoat, breeches, boots or boots. Instead of a helmet, a khaki cap with a red star was invented. For winter they used short fur coats, jackets made of merino cloth with cotton wool, coats, raincoats, caps and bekeshi (short coat made of sheepskin).

Separately, uniforms were designed for air force troops and pilots. They differed in the color of the cloth, insignia, buttonholes and sleeve insignia. In 1926, Rules for wearing uniforms were introduced and dividing them into summer and winter. In addition, depending on the situation, military uniforms were divided into everyday, guard and marching. The constant wearing of equipment and insignia became a categorical requirement. Camping equipment included: a commander's belt with a buckle, a holster with a pistol, a saber, a field bag, to which a flask, a gas mask, and binoculars were added during the campaign.

For different types of troops, uniforms could differ: for tanks, overalls and leather jackets, helmets, and dust goggles were invented.

At the end of the 1930s and in 1940, the participation of the Red Army in military conflicts also influenced the revision of attitudes towards uniforms. New elements of the winter uniform have appeared: a steel helmet, a hat with ear flaps with fur. Changes were made to the details of the uniform for generals and marshals, new emblems and cap badges appeared on caps separately for each branch of the military, and spurs were added to boots. A warm overcoat with 5 buttons was required.

The next changes to the wartime uniform were introduced in 1943, when a turning point came in the Great Patriotic War: shoulder straps were revived, black and red colors for artillerymen were returned, new uniforms were installed for the Cossacks, and the dress uniform was updated.

Content

1. Introduction
2. History of the development of military uniforms
3. Division of military uniform into dress and casual (for formation and out of formation) and field (for formation and out of formation)
4. Shoulder straps and emblems
5. Bibliography

Introduction

Military uniforms are the personification of honor, valor and nobility of Russian soldiers.
Military uniform is a set of clothing, and in some cases equipment, established by special decrees, orders and rules, mandatory to be worn by all military personnel of the army and navy. Military uniforms are being introduced into the troops with the aim of better organizing them, increasing military discipline and order, and distinguishing military personnel by branch of the armed forces (weapons), by service position and military ranks.

It was created simultaneously with the creation of the Russian Armed Forces. The new uniform was approved at a meeting of the Board of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation in October 1992. According to the nomenclature, it contained 1.5-2 times fewer items than in the previous uniform. It has become more convenient and practical. For everyday and dress uniforms, a single color was established - olive. The sailors retained the color that has always been traditional for the Navy - black. Shoulder straps on all types of military clothing have become reduced in size. Other changes were also introduced.

May 1994, by Decree No. 1010 “On military uniforms and insignia by military rank,” the President of the Russian Federation approved the uniform of Russian military personnel.

History of the development of military uniforms

Military uniform is a set of clothing, and in some cases equipment, established by special decrees, orders and rules, mandatory to be worn by all military personnel of the army and navy. Military uniforms are being introduced into the troops with the aim of better organizing them, increasing military discipline and order, and distinguishing military personnel by branch of the armed forces (weapons), by service position and military ranks. The military uniform determines whether military personnel belong to the armed forces of a particular state, contains the heraldic elements of the state or the reigning house, and performs the function of preserving the combat traditions of the armed forces as a whole, as well as parts, and sometimes a separate unit. In addition, the uniform also has purely military functions: camouflage personnel on the ground by making it from fabrics of protective colors, introducing into military clothing devices for carrying weapons and equipment, creating comfortable conditions during military operations in various climatic conditions. Some elements of uniforms have a protective purpose. The uniform military uniform in the modern sense arose in the second half of the 17th century in European armies, however, attempts to introduce common elements into the clothing and equipment of soldiers in order to distinguish them from soldiers of the opposing side were made throughout almost the entire European military history. The army of ancient Rome came closest to the introduction of uniform uniforms at the beginning of the new era, traditionally dressing its legionnaires in red woolen cloaks and white clothes. By the way, it should be said that it was from the Roman legions that the principles of organization, internal order, subordination and military heraldry were transferred to modern armies. From the Middle Ages, one can recall the distinctive sign of the participants in the crusades - a cloth cross sewn onto clothes and the further development of this emblem - attributes of various knightly orders. Subsequently, as military affairs developed, the organizational structure of troops became more complex, and the concept of battle formations emerged, an urgent need arose to visually distinguish one’s troops on the battlefield in order to provide military leaders with the opportunity to quickly control troops during the battle. The problem was solved by introducing, for the duration of a campaign and even a separate battle, elements of military clothing common to the entire army: distinctive decorations on hats, scarves, ribbons of the same color, etc. The introduction of uniforms, completely unified in cut, colors and insignia, uniform for all armed forces, became possible with the advent of mass armies and the development of manufacturing industries that could meet the needs of troops in uniform fabrics and leather products, i.e. was determined primarily by state economic factors. During the Thirty Years' War in Europe (1618-1648), units began to appear in the armies of opposing states wearing clothes of the same color, but of different cuts and designs. Often, the production of such clothing took place on the initiative of the chiefs and commanders of a particular unit; wearing it was not regulated at the state level and therefore was not mandatory, however, in units that glorified their banners on the battlefield, wearing clothes of certain colors began to turn into a stable military tradition. Around the same period in Russia, according to reports from foreign authors (Kemfer, Palmquist), uniform uniforms appeared in the Moscow Streltsy regiments. For the first time, a regulated uniform military uniform was introduced by royal decree in the French army in 1672, and the royal guard received blue caftans with red applied cloth, army infantry - gray, cavalry - red. Until the end of the 17th century, all the most advanced armies of European states received uniforms. In Russia, the introduction of regulated military uniforms is associated with the military reforms of Peter the Great.

Beginning in 1699, military uniforms and the rules for wearing them were established initially for the guards (amusement) regiments, and subsequently for the newly formed infantry and dragoon regiments. In 1712, artillerymen also received their own uniforms. By the end of the Northern War, the general style of Russian military uniforms had finally emerged. The guards and army infantry wore dark green caftans, the dragoons wore blue, and the artillery wore red. From this period, the military uniform of the Russian army developed and improved in the tradition of pan-European trends. In subsequent reigns under Anna Ioannovna, a uniform was approved for the equestrian life regiment (horse guards) and the newly formed cuirassier regiments. Under Elizaveta Petrovna, in connection with the formation of light cavalry units - hussar regiments, a special uniform was approved for them, differing by regiment in color. At the beginning of the reign of Catherine the Great, the military uniform did not undergo significant changes. The innovations introduced during the short reign of her husband Peter III were only cancelled. In 1786, as part of the military reform carried out by Field Marshal G. Potemkin, a military uniform was introduced that was fundamentally different from the pan-European models of that time. It was of the same cut for all types of weapons and differed only in color. A comfortable short jacket was introduced as a uniform, narrow trousers were replaced by loose trousers trimmed with leather up to the middle of the shin, instead of a felt hat, which was uncomfortable on campaigns and in battle, the soldiers received a spherical helmet of the same material with a transverse plume. The new uniform was introduced only in army regiments. The guard wore the same uniforms. The innovation was certainly progressive and was several decades ahead of its time. With the accession of Catherine the Great’s son, Paul I, a military uniform was urgently introduced into the army, basically copying the uniform of the army of the Kingdom of Prussia. The colors of the uniforms retained the traditional shades of the Russian army, with the exception of the artillery, which received dark green infantry-style uniforms with black cloth and red piping, which have since become traditional for this type of troops. Each infantry and cavalry regiment received its own instrument colors. Historians unanimously condemned Paul for introducing a new, supposedly “inconvenient” uniform, although it was fully consistent with modern European trends, while forgetting that it was under him that the army received a new type of uniform - the overcoat, instead of the winter woolen raincoat - the epancha. After the tragic death of Paul I during a coup d'etat, the throne was inherited by his son Alexander I. Under his leadership and personal participation, a new military uniform and military equipment was developed and introduced. The army received a tails-type uniform in traditional colors. A shako was adopted as a combat headdress, heavy cavalry and horse artillery received a leather helmet. A uniform was developed for a new type of light cavalry - the Uhlan regiments.

For the first time, military uniforms were established for the Cossacks of the Don, Ural and Black Sea troops. The famous cap was introduced as a non-combatant headdress. In different variations, this form existed for more than fifty years. During the reign of Nicholas I in 1844, a leather helmet was introduced as a combat headdress instead of a shako. The infantry of the Caucasian corps receives a special “Caucasian” uniform. Military ranks of military personnel began to be designated on epaulettes and shoulder straps. After the end of the Crimean War during the reign of Alexander II, the need for general military reform was acutely felt. She also touched upon military uniforms. The tailcoat type uniform has replaced the so-called. semi-caftan Instead of a helmet, a new type of shako was introduced, and subsequently a cap. When wearing a marching uniform, it was prescribed to wear high boots and a white shirt. In general, the reign is characterized by almost continuous changes in the form of clothing and requires separate study. Under Alexander III in 1882, another reform began. This time it is aimed at simplifying and reducing the cost of uniforms. The army cuirassier, lancer and hussar regiments are stripped of their shiny uniforms and reorganized into dragoons. The main set of uniforms for all branches of the military is a uniform made of dark green cloth with a deep wraparound fastening with hooks, loose trousers made of the same material, worn tucked into high boots in any form of clothing. The combat (ceremonial) headdress is a lambskin cap made of black merlushka. Although the reform was carried out under the motto of “nationality,” the real reason for the changes was, in my opinion, the need to prepare a large number of uniforms in case of mobilization deployment. The last reign was characterized primarily by the introduction in 1907 of khaki-colored marching uniforms for all military personnel and the return to traditional patterns of ceremonial and ordinary uniforms. In 1918, the history of the glorious Russian army ends and the history of its successor - the Red Army, later the Soviet Army - begins. In an effort to get away from the traditions of the “bloody” tsarist regime, Soviet military leaders, ignoring the experience of the Russian-Japanese and World Wars, introduced a strange uniform into the Red Army, lavishly decorated with bright colored elements. The traditional insignia of military personnel - shoulder straps - is being cancelled. The Red Army soldiers were saved from additional and already significant losses from enemy fire by the unsatisfactory situation in the country's economy, thanks to which during the civil war it was not possible to organize mass production of new-style uniforms. Both the white and red formations used the stock of uniforms left over from the old army. In the period before the start of the Great Patriotic War, there was a gradual return to the traditions of the Russian army. In 1922, artillerymen were returned to their traditional instrument colors of black with red piping (in 1919, orange instrument color was introduced for artillery) and the wearing of an old-style overcoat was established to replace the khaftan “kaftan”. In 1924, the wearing of colored flaps on the chest, sleeves and collars of uniforms was abolished. In 1935, personal military ranks were introduced for middle and senior command personnel and corresponding insignia. In 1936, Cossack cavalry units were formed and a traditional uniform was established for them.

In 1940, wearing perhaps the most striking symbol of the Red Army - the budenovka - was abolished. In the same year, personal ranks were restored for junior and senior command personnel. A full dress uniform is being introduced for all categories of military personnel. The final return to the national traditions of military uniforms occurred in 1943. After this, the uniform of the Soviet Army developed within the framework of the long-standing traditions of the Russian army. The next noticeable reform of uniforms took place in 1969. A field jacket was introduced as a field uniform instead of the famous tunic. Uniforms for armored vehicle crews and insulated field jackets for officers are accepted to supply troops. In 1988, the troops received a new unified winter and summer field suit - “Afghanka”.

The development of military uniforms in the last decade of the 20th century is characterized by a rejection of Soviet and Russian traditions. The new dress and casual uniforms introduced in 1994 are very similar in cut to the American ones. The wearing of buttonholes and colored bands on caps was abolished. The design of the caps clearly reveals perverted ideas about the military beauty of the “Arbat” generals. However, for the bulk of the military personnel this was not of great importance due to the extremely meager supply of clothing to the troops. I will never forget when in the summer of 1994 the soldiers and officers of the division in the Trans-Baikal Military District were issued summer tank overalls made of undyed light gray cotton fabric. Dress and casual uniforms were not issued at all. It got to the point that even at parades in Moscow, units and subunits were shown in field uniforms under white and ceremonial belts, touchingly decorated with aiguillettes, with sewn gold shoulder straps for officers and colored ones for soldiers and sergeants. In conclusion, I would like to note that throughout the history of the Russian state, with the exception of the latter, its leaders attached paramount importance to the development and production of uniforms for military personnel, thanks to which Russian and Soviet troops were supplied with high-quality and modern uniforms in sufficient quantities.

Division of military uniform into dress and casual (for formation and out of formation) and field (for formation and out of formation)

Military uniforms are divided into dress (for formation and out of formation), casual (for formation and out of formation) and field, and each of them, in addition, into summer and winter. The uniform in the Navy is additionally numbered. The everyday uniform (summer and winter) for the formation differs from the uniform outside the formation by the presence of a waist belt.

Military uniforms are worn strictly in accordance with the Rules for wearing military uniforms by military personnel of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, which are approved by order of the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation. These Rules apply to military personnel undergoing military service in the RF Armed Forces, students of the Suvorov military, Nakhimov naval and military music schools, cadet and cadet naval corps, as well as citizens discharged from military service with enlistment in the reserve or retirement with the right wearing military uniform.

When military personnel perform specific tasks, they are required to wear special (flight technical, insulated, work, etc.) clothing.

Citizens discharged from military service with enlistment into the reserves or retired with the right to wear military uniforms are allowed to wear military uniforms established at the time of dismissal.

The uniform is announced daily or for the period of specific events by commanders (chiefs) of military units (ships), institutions, military educational institutions, enterprises and organizations of the Ministry of Defense based on the requirements of the Rules, taking into account the specifics of performing official tasks.

When declaring a uniform, its name and, if necessary, the names of items that complement or clarify it are indicated, for example: “Summer casual uniform for formation, in a shirt with short sleeves.”

Military personnel undergoing military service under contract wear military uniforms:

. front door - when taking the military oath; when presenting a military unit with the Battle Banner; when raising the Naval flag on a ship entering service; when launching a ship; when appointed to the honor guard; on the days of annual holidays of the military unit; when receiving state awards; when serving as sentries guarding the Battle Banner, at official events with the participation of troops. It is permitted to wear full dress uniform on weekends and holidays, as well as during off-duty periods;

• field - in daily assignments (except for duty at headquarters, departments and institutions), during exercises, maneuvers, combat duty and classes in training centers;
• everyday - in all other cases.

Military personnel undergoing conscription service and students of cadet corps wear military uniforms:

. front door - when taking the military oath; when presenting a military unit with the Battle Banner; when raising the Naval flag on a ship entering service; when launching a ship; when appointed to the honor guard; on the days of annual holidays of the military unit; when receiving state awards; when serving as sentries guarding the Battle Banner; at official events with the participation of troops; when away from the location of a military unit and in other cases as directed by the commander of the military unit;

• field - during exercises, maneuvers, combat duty and classes in training centers;
• everyday - in all other cases

The transition to summer or winter uniforms is established by orders of commanders of district troops, groups of troops, fleets, flotillas, commanders of naval bases, garrison commanders (senior naval commanders).

When switching to summer or winter uniforms, commanders of military units conduct drill reviews at which the appearance of military personnel (the condition of uniform items) is checked.

Military personnel wear a uniform according to their branch of the Armed Forces, branch of the armed forces (service) and military rank.

Military personnel wear special clothing during exercises, maneuvers, while on combat duty (combat service), during training with military equipment and when performing work in garages, parks, docks, workshops, airfields, laboratories, medical institutions, warehouses, ships, on the territory of military units and coastal bases of naval units.

Military personnel wear special insulated clothing (short fur coats, jackets and trousers made of fur and insulated, fur mittens, felt boots, etc.) in winter at low temperatures during classes, exercises and at work, and in areas with a particularly cold climate, at low temperatures and strong wind - everyday.

Military personnel wear special work clothes when performing economic and construction work, as well as when servicing military equipment and weapons.

Military personnel performing military service under a contract are allowed to wear civilian clothes during off-duty periods, when going to and from service, as well as during official hours in the central office of the Ministry of Defense, institutions, enterprises and organizations (female military personnel, in addition, - in military units, formations and associations), if wearing a military uniform is not necessary.

Military personnel undergoing conscription service and students of cadet corps are allowed to wear civilian clothing outside the location of a military unit (military educational institution) while on leave or on leave.

Uniform for officers and warrant officers (except for the Navy).

Dress uniform for and out of formation:

. Summer

• The cap is made of wool in a protective color (in the Air Force it is blue).
• The jacket is made of woolen protective (in the Air Force - blue) color.
• Trousers are untucked wool in a protective (in the Air Force - blue) color.
• White shirt.
• The tie is a protective color (black in the Air Force), with a gold-colored bartack.
• Low shoes or ankle boots, demi-season, black.

. Winter

• Fur hat with earflaps, gray color.
• Detachable gray fur collar.
• Winter woolen coat in protective color (in the Air Force - blue).
• The jacket is made of woolen protective (in the Air Force - blue) color.
• Trousers are untucked wool in a protective (in the Air Force - blue) color.
• White shirt.
• The tie is a protective color (black in the Air Force), with a gold-colored bartack.
• The muffler is white.
• Winter or demi-season ankle boots or black low shoes.
• Black gloves.

Casual uniform for the formation:

. Summer

• The cap is made of wool in a protective color (in the Air Force it is blue).
• The jacket is made of woolen protective (in the Air Force - blue) color.
• Trousers are untucked wool in a protective (in the Air Force - blue) color.
• Shirt of protective color (in the Air Force - blue).
• A protective tie (black in the Air Force) with a gold-colored bartack
• Black waist belt.
• Low shoes or ankle boots, demi-season, black.

. Winter

• Fur hat with earflaps, gray color.
• Detachable gray fur collar.
• Winter woolen coat in protective color (in the Air Force - blue).
• The jacket is made of woolen protective (in the Air Force - blue) color.
• Trousers are untucked wool in a protective (in the Air Force - blue) color.
• Shirt of protective color (in the Air Force - blue).
• The tie is a protective color (black in the Air Force), with a gold-colored bartack.
• The muffler is of a protective (in the Air Force - blue) color.
• Black waist belt.
• Winter or demi-season ankle boots or black low shoes.
• Black gloves.

Casual clothing out of order:

. Summer

• The cap is made of wool in a protective color (in the Air Force it is blue).
• The jacket is made of woolen protective (in the Air Force - blue) color.
• Trousers are untucked wool in a protective (in the Air Force - blue) color.
• Shirt of protective color (in the Air Force - blue).
• The tie is a protective color (black in the Air Force), with a gold-colored bartack.
• Low shoes or ankle boots, demi-season, black.

. Winter

• Fur hat with earflaps, gray color.
• Detachable gray fur collar.
• Winter woolen coat in protective color (in the Air Force - blue).
• The jacket is made of woolen protective (in the Air Force - blue) color.
• Trousers are untucked wool in a protective (in the Air Force - blue) color.
• Shirt of protective color (in the Air Force - blue).
• The tie is a protective color (black in the Air Force), with a gold-colored bartack.
• The muffler is of a protective (in the Air Force - blue) color.
• Winter or demi-season ankle boots or black low shoes.
• Black gloves.

Field uniform:

. Summer

• Cotton cap in camouflage color.
• Cotton jacket in camouflage color.
• Straight cut cotton trousers in camouflage color.
• A T-shirt (T-shirt) of camouflage (protective) color (in the Airborne Forces - vest), as part of a set of underwear.
• Black waist belt.
• Boots are black, with high tops.

. Winter

• Fur hat with earflaps, gray color.
• Winter jacket in camouflage color, with a gray fur collar.
• Winter trousers in camouflage color.
• Cotton jacket in camouflage color.
• Straight cut cotton trousers in camouflage color.
• A T-shirt (T-shirt) of camouflage (protective) color (in the Airborne Forces - vest), as part of a set of underwear.
• Black waist belt.
• Boots are black.
• Black gloves.

The uniform of petty officers, sergeants and soldiers undergoing conscription military service (except for the Navy).

Dress uniform for formation and out of formation (except for the Airborne Forces):

. Summer

• Woolen cap in khaki color.
• Wool jacket of khaki color.
• Straight-cut wool trousers in khaki color.
• Khaki shirt.
• The tie is a khaki color, with a gold-colored bartack.
• Black waist belt - for military uniform
• Black boots

. Winter

• Fur hat with earflaps, gray color.
• Winter wool coat in khaki color.
• Wool jacket of khaki color.
• Straight-cut wool trousers in khaki color.
• Khaki shirt.
• The tie is a khaki color, with a gold-colored bartack.
• The muffler is a khaki color.
• Black waist belt - for military uniform.
• The boots are black.
• Black gloves.

In full dress uniform it is allowed to wear (except for the Airborne Forces):

• a khaki woolen cap for winter uniforms;
• boots with high tops or black boots for summer and winter uniforms for formation - as directed by the commander of the military unit:
• daily uniform - as directed by the commander of the military unit.

Dress uniform for and out of formation in the Airborne Forces:

. Summer

• Blue wool beret.
• Cotton jacket in camouflage color.
• Straight cut cotton trousers in camouflage color.
• Vest, as part of a set of linen.
• Black waist belt.
• Boots are black, with high tops.

. Winter

• Fur hat with earflaps, gray color.
• Winter jacket in camouflage color, with a gray fur collar.
• Cotton jacket in camouflage color.
• Straight cut cotton trousers in camouflage color.
• Vest, as part of a set of linen.
• Black waist belt.
• Boots are black, with high tops.
• Black gloves.
• When wearing full dress uniform in the Airborne Forces, it is allowed to wear a blue woolen beret in winter uniform.

Casual uniform for and out of formation (except for the Airborne Forces):

. Summer

• Cotton cap in camouflage color.
• Cotton jacket in camouflage color.
• Straight cut cotton trousers in camouflage color.
• T-shirt (T-shirt) of camouflage (protective) color, as part of a set of underwear.
• Black waist belt.
• Boots are black, with high tops.

. Winter

• Fur hat with earflaps, gray color.
• Winter jacket in camouflage color, with a gray fur collar.
• Cotton jacket in camouflage color.
• Straight cut cotton trousers in camouflage color.
• T-shirt (t-shirt) of camouflage (protective) color, as part of a set of underwear
• Black waist belt.
• Black boots
• Black gloves.

Field uniform:

. Summer

• Cotton cap, camouflage color
• Cotton jacket in camouflage color.
• Straight-fit cotton trousers, camouflage color
• A T-shirt (T-shirt) of camouflage (protective) color (in the Airborne Forces - vest), as part of a set of underwear.
• Black waist belt (in motorized rifle troops and airborne forces - equipment is brown or khaki).
• Boots are black, with high tops.

. Winter

• Fur hat with earflaps, gray color.
• Winter jacket in camouflage color, with a gray fur collar.
• Winter trousers in camouflage color.
• Cotton jacket in camouflage color.
• Straight cut cotton trousers in camouflage color.
• A T-shirt (T-shirt) of camouflage (protective) color (in the Airborne Forces - vest), as part of a set of underwear.
• Black waist belt (in motorized rifle troops and airborne forces - equipment is brown or khaki).
• Black boots, black gloves.

Uniform for female military personnel (except for the Navy).

Dress uniform for and out of formation:

. Summer

• Wool cap in a protective (in the Air Force - blue) color.
• The jacket is made of wool in a protective color (in the Air Force it is blue).
• The skirt is made of wool in a protective (in the Air Force - blue) color.
• White blouse.
• A protective bow tie (black in the Air Force) with a golden hair clip.
• Black shoes or boots.

. Winter

• Fur hat with earflaps, gray color.
• Detachable gray fur collar.
• Winter woolen coat in protective color (in the Air Force - blue).
• The jacket is made of wool in a protective color (in the Air Force it is blue). The skirt is made of wool in a protective (in the Air Force - blue) color.
• White blouse.
• A protective bow tie (black in the Air Force) with a golden hair clip.
• Winter or demi-season boots or black boots
• Black gloves.

Casual clothing for on- and off-duty duty:

. Summer

• Wool cap in a protective (in the Air Force - blue) color.
• The jacket is made of wool in a protective color (in the Air Force it is blue).
• The skirt is made of wool in a protective (in the Air Force - blue) color.
• A blouse of a protective (in the Air Force - blue) color.
• A protective bow tie (black in the Air Force) with a golden hair clip.
• Black waist belt - for military uniform
• Black shoes or boots.

. Winter

• Fur hat with earflaps, gray color.
• Detachable gray fur collar.
• Winter woolen coat in protective color (in the Air Force - blue).
• The jacket is made of wool in a protective color (in the Air Force it is blue).
• The skirt is made of wool in a protective (in the Air Force - blue) color.
• A blouse of a protective (in the Air Force - blue) color.
• A protective bow tie (black in the Air Force) with a golden hair clip.
• A sulfur-colored waist belt—for military uniforms.
• Winter or demi-season boots or black boots.
• Black gloves.

Field uniform:

. Summer

• Cotton cap in camouflage color.
• Cotton jacket in camouflage color.
• Straight cut cotton trousers in camouflage color.
• A T-shirt (T-shirt) of camouflage (protective) color (in the Airborne Forces - vest), as part of a set of underwear.
• Black waist belt.
• Boots are black, with high tops.

. Winter

• Fur hat with earflaps, gray color.
• Winter jacket in camouflage color, with a gray fur collar.
• Winter trousers in camouflage color.
• Cotton jacket in camouflage color.
• Straight cut cotton trousers in camouflage color.
• A T-shirt (T-shirt) of camouflage (protective) color (in the Airborne Forces - vest), as part of a set of underwear.
• Black waist belt.
• Boots are black.
• Black gloves.

Shoulder straps and emblems

Senior officers (except the Navy) wear shoulder straps:

• on tunics in full dress uniform there are sewn shoulder straps with a golden field, with red piping (in aviation and airborne forces - blue);
• on jackets with casual uniforms, demi-season jackets and winter coats - sewn shoulder straps with a field of protective (in the Air Force - blue) color, with red piping (in aviation and airborne forces - blue) color;
• on demi-season raincoats, summer raincoats and woolen jackets - removable shoulder straps with a protective field (in the Air Force - blue) color,
• on shirts of white and protective (in the Air Force - blue) colors - removable shoulder straps with a field, respectively, of white or protective (in the Air Force - blue) color;
• camouflage-colored jackets have removable shoulder straps with a khaki-colored field.

Embroidered golden stars are placed on the shoulder straps in accordance with military rank; on the shoulder straps of camouflage-colored jackets are khaki stars. The stars on the shoulder straps of the marshals of the Russian Federation are with silver-colored rays emerging from under them. On shoulder straps with a golden field (for marshals of the Russian Federation - on all types of shoulder straps) there are stars, with red edging (in aviation and airborne forces - blue).

Bibliography

1. Decrees of the President of the Russian Federation dated May 23, 1994 No. 1010 “On military uniforms and insignia of military ranks” (Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation, 1994, No. 5, Art. 400), dated November 22, 1994 No. 2101 “On the uniform and insignia for commanding and rank-and-file personnel of the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation who have special ranks of internal service” (Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation, 1994, No. 31, Art. 3254).

• Appendix 1 to the order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia dated January 22, 1999 No. 40.
• Rules for wearing military uniforms by military personnel of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation (approved by order of the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation dated March 28, 1997 No. 210).
• https://cris9. armforc.ru/uniform. htm

Army uniforms during peacetime

With the end of the war, a period of calm began; no radical changes were made in clothing for the troops. New equipment appeared in the late 1960s and early 1970s, when a jacket was introduced instead of a tunic. During the period of hostilities in Afghanistan, unified field suits (for summer and winter) were produced, called “Afaganka”.

More changes occurred after the collapse of the Soviet Union and the formation of the Russian Federation. In May 1994, President B. Yeltsin signed a Decree on the introduction of military uniforms of the Russian Federation, according to which Soviet uniforms were completely replaced with new ones. Since then, olive has been considered the main color (for everyday and formal wear). Winter coats replaced overcoats, and tunics were replaced by jackets with patch pockets. Other distinctive signs were also approved: chevrons and stripes, which distinguished the types of troops and units.

Russian soldier uniform in the 19th century

The new century forces us to create a new uniform for the army. Pavlovsk uniforms, ghosts of the Prussian army of the last century, are becoming a thing of the past, they are being replaced by double-breasted uniforms.

The complexity of the 19th century uniform is that each regiment, especially the cavalry, had its own characteristics and its own colors.

Theoretically, this was necessary for better orientation on the battlefield, but in practice, the rank and file often had no idea whose cavalry appeared on the horizon, and what new misfortune they would have to face in battle. The variety of uniforms occurs due to new types of troops and greater specialization, such as, for example:

• hussars, originally heavy cavalry, which became light cavalry by the 18th century, reached special development in the Russian army by the Napoleonic wars;
• cuirassiers, heavy horsemen on powerful horses, the elite and pride of any army;
• lancers, Polish horsemen armed with pikes;
• rangers, infantry armed with rifled rifles, elite units;
• Pioneers, this was the name given to the engineering and sapper units allocated to a special service.

This is not the entire list of new units in the army, and each of these warriors wore his own uniform, sometimes distinguished by both pretentiousness and comfort. The design of the uniform showed French influence, since the revolutionary and then Napoleonic army was stronger than ever, and many positive things in it were adopted by other armies. At the same time, shoulder straps and epaulettes were introduced en masse, although they served to identify the regiment, not personal rank.

In the era of Nicholas I, another military reform took place, affecting military uniforms. France's influence begins to wane after its defeat in the war. Prussian features are beginning to appear more and more in the uniforms. Severity and the abundance of horse tails on helmets, introduced instead of shakos, distinguish Nikolai Pavlovich’s army. Much attention is again paid to the front side, cleaning equipment and stepping. The uniforms that were developed were sometimes so narrow that corsets had to be worn under them.

Under Nicholas I's successor, Alexander II, radical changes were taking place in the army.

The defeat in the Crimean War showed the inconsistency of the Russian military uniform with modern requirements. Instead of narrow uniforms, more spacious tunics are introduced, and instead of tight trousers, more spacious trousers are introduced.

Equipment and ammunition are simplified, many unnecessary belts are removed. The re-equipment of the army with breech-loading rifles with a unitary cartridge also affects the simplification of cartridge bags. The soldier finally receives leather boots instead of boots and gaiters.

In the 1870s, a uniform item was introduced that would last in the army for almost a hundred years, known as the gymnastic shirt, or gymnastic shirt, or simply tunic. Similar to a peasant shirt, it fits perfectly into the Russian army. To the soldiers, it resembles peasant blouses, and the military department calculates the profit from savings on uniforms.

Tunics were originally white, but the Russo-Japanese War shows that white is not the best color for a military uniform. In one of the battles, the Japanese conduct aimed fire at the Russian trenches. The reason for the effective fire is that the corpses in white uniforms, thrown outside the trench for the convenience of moving soldiers, give the Japanese the exact coordinates to shoot at.

Between battles, soldiers soak their tunics in mud for camouflage. Only after the end of the war were soldiers' shirts made from khaki or khaki fabric.

Advantages of the new uniform of the Russian Army

Modern field uniforms for soldiers and officers are highly comfortable due to multi-layering (8 levels). In its production, membrane materials and other latest technologies are used, and special treatment of the seams is done. The kit contains a large number of items that are used depending on weather conditions and surroundings.

Basic levels of military uniform, rules for its configuration:

• 2 types of underwear (underwear and fleece for thermal insulation during the cold period);
• jackets (levels 3-4) - fleece for insulation and a windbreaker for cool weather;
• Soft Shell suit (5th), made of waterproof and windproof fabric with increased breathability, used as protective outerwear;
• windproof suit (6th), made of membrane material with “breathable” properties with numerous fasteners and zippers;
• insulated suit (level 7) - designed to protect against extreme cold conditions;
• a summer field suit made of cotton is worn in the outer layer in the summer;
• The period of wearing a military field uniform issued to military personnel is 3 years.

In 2016, 4 thousand sets were sewn for military personnel who serve in difficult northern conditions and in the Arctic. Such equipment is designed to protect a person from prolonged exposure to cold in strong winds and high humidity, during rain or snow.

Informal approach

In recent years, the uniform has been refined several times and its most current configuration was supposed to be introduced into the Russian troops last 2015. clothes appeared , and a set of new field clothes for soldiers and officers was finally approved - it included: a suit , various types of seasonal jackets, a vest , a hat and beret , multi-season boots , a balaclava , gloves and mittens.

In 2016, about 4,000 sets of Arctic uniforms will be supplied to the troops - equipment for military personnel serving in particularly cold climates (low temperatures -50, -60 and strong wind and snow). It provides protection from prolonged exposure to cold with high humidity and winds of more than 15 m/s, from rain and sticking snow, and has special design solutions, including a very high anatomically shaped collar, a special hood of increased volume with the ability to adjust in three directions, valves, windproof skirts .

The basis of the army uniform today is the principle of multi-layering and the ability of the military to combine uniform items themselves, depending on the tasks assigned to them and weather conditions. The uniform uses the most current technologies, membrane materials , proven insulation materials, special seam treatment, quick-drying and breathable innovative fabrics that provide the necessary air exchange. In places where the greatest load is placed, the suits are reinforced. The military's new equipment underwent rigorous field testing and was strictly evaluated by its future owners, who were personally interested in its functionality. So the severity of the “beauty or comfort” dilemma with regard to military uniforms in the modern army has decreased to a minimum level. And soon, we hope, this issue will completely cease to be relevant.

Children's military uniform

The uniforms are worn not only by members of the Russian Army, but also by students of cadet corps, Nakhimov and Suvorov schools located on the territory of the Russian Federation. In these educational institutions, boys and girls who have chosen a military profession live and study for several years, so that they can then continue to serve and join the ranks of career officers of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. During their studies, they wear children's military uniforms, tailored specifically for this educational institution.

Wearing the uniforms of modern army personnel and the uniforms of soldiers from the Great Patriotic War has become popular among children and their parents in recent years. Stylized costumes for boys and girls are one of the popular attributes of children's matinees, which are held in honor of the celebration of February 23 and May 9, and plays about the war in schools.

On sale you can find historical and modern military suits, sewn according to uniforms of officers and soldiers of the Russian Federation, pilots and sailors, policemen and paratroopers, uniforms from the times of the Great Patriotic War. There are also separate accessories: budenovka, camouflage or red beret, army belt, cap and cap, binoculars.

By choosing a beautiful military uniform for children, parents raise them to be defenders of their state, instill in them a sense of patriotism and love for their country. The boys transform into brave officers and soldiers, ready to defend their homeland, as their great-grandfathers and great-grandmothers once did.

Will the new form be cancelled?

Since November 6, 2012, the military department has been headed by a new chief. After the resignation of Anatoly Serdyukov, his post was taken by Sergei Shoigu.

The new Minister of Defense stated that he intends to introduce a new military uniform to replace the current one “from Yudashkin.” It is promised that it will be introduced by the summer of 2013. Shoigu said that the costumes will differ both in the number of items (16 options instead of two) and in the arrangement of the elements. In addition, the issue of transferring shoulder straps with insignia from the chest to the shoulders or sleeves is being resolved. Later, the Ministry of Defense clarified that we are only talking about improving individual elements of the current uniform.

Please note: in total, about 25 billion rubles were spent on the introduction of the new form.

Redcoats attack

The English army has always had a special attitude towards the color red. British troops became famous during the war for the liberation of the North American colonies. At a time when there was a trend in all the armies of the world towards calmer and less attractive colors in military uniforms, the British army continued to remain the most conservative military institution. The English Redcoats gained fame largely due to the acts of cruelty that English soldiers and officers showed towards the enemy and the civilian population.

British Guards

The attitude towards the color red in the British army was special. This can be judged by looking at the commitment of the British military to their military uniform. The tendency towards bright colors is explained by the fact that the English army often had to conduct military operations against the native population. red was supposed to become a significant factor in the psychological impact on the enemy. In addition, the close range of fire combat practiced in the 17th-19th centuries did not in any way affect the camouflage capabilities of army units on the battlefield. The red color of the military uniforms of the British troops is well remembered by the infantry and militia of George Washington's army. The Indians of Canada, the peoples of Persia and India experienced all the horrors of military operations waged by the English colonial army. French grenadiers and cavalrymen will forever remember the English squares with red rows at the Battle of Waterloo.

For the English army, the red color of the uniform continued to remain unchanged until the end of the 19th century. Only a change in combat tactics and the emergence of powerful and long-range types of hand-held firearms led to the fact that the bright and catchy uniform of English soldiers and cavalrymen began to be used only in ceremonial ceremonies. Rifle and long-range artillery forced the soldiers to bury themselves in the ground. Khaki replaced red on the battlefield .

However, before changing its traditions, the British army was able to demonstrate to the world the courage and valor of its soldiers, dressed in red uniforms. The English hussar uniform was red, becoming over time both a symbol of the highest human stupidity and a symbol of fearlessness.

Charge of the Light Brigade

During the Crimean War, the British, along with the French and Turks, took part in the fighting in the Crimea. In the area of ​​​​the village of Balaklava, the English light cavalry under the command of Colonel Cardigan was thrown into an attack against Russian artillery. The plan of the attack proposed by Lord Raglan, commander of the English expeditionary forces in Russia, was quite clear. It was necessary to knock out the Russian units from the commanding heights, from which it was convenient to fire on the Allied troops heading towards Sevastopol. The English light brigade consisted of 5 hussar squadrons. The attack plan provided for a surprise attack of two cavalry brigades at once, light and heavy, but it was the light cavalrymen who were sent to the slaughter.

The result of the terrible attack was terrible. The British light cavalry was shot at point-blank range by Russian cannons. More than one hundred red uniforms remained lying on the battlefield. Since then, the attitude towards the red coats on the shores of Foggy Albion began to change. The decline of bright military uniforms on the battlefield was completed by military operations in Southern Africa. During the Anglo-Zulu War, which broke out at the end of the 19th century, the Zulus, supported by Dutch colonial hunters, literally mowed down British soldiers during sniper fire with bows and rifles. The red uniform of English soldiers made an excellent target.

English and Zulus