Amphibious aircraft VVA-14 Dimensions. Engine. Weight. Story. Range of flight
The history of the creation of this amazing aircraft began in 1965. Chief designer R.L. Bartini devoted the final stage of his creative activity to the development of aircraft using the effect of “proximity of the earth”, and introduced a new classification into circulation - “ekranoplan”. The word “ekranoplan” meant a vehicle moving near the interface between two media: water and land. He proposed building an anti-submarine vertical take-off amphibious aircraft VVA-14 (the number “14” meant the number of engines).
Father of the Amazing Machine
wikipedia.org/Domínio publico
Thousands of domestic specialists worked with him. “With him”, not “with him” - he always corrected such reservations. He treated everyone with the same respect, be it a mechanic, a shop manager or a minister. Robert Ludwigovich Bartini . Creator of the VVA-14 amphibious aircraft. He left fascist Italy for the USSR, where he became a famous aircraft designer. Over the years, the following were associated with him: Ilyushin , Yakovlev , Antonov and others. Bartini had more than 60 completed aircraft projects, distinguished by their originality, and the well-known designer of rocket and space systems, Sergei Korolev, called him his teacher. Other aircraft designers also considered him their mentor.
The career of yesterday's Italian in the Soviet Union began at the Air Force scientific and experimental airfield (formerly Khodynskoye airfield, now Chkalovsky airfield). Bartini headed the group that worked on seaplane projects. There he proposed a project for the Stal-6 and the MTB-2 , but when his group was included in the Central Design Bureau, Bartini was fired for criticizing the organization being created. In the same 1930, on the recommendation of Mikhail Tukhachevsky, Robert Bartini was appointed chief designer of the OKB Research Institute of the Civil Air Fleet. Unfortunately, acquaintance with Tukhachevsky later played a cruel joke on the designer.
Three years after his appointment, the Stal-6 fighter created by Bartin set a world speed record of 420 km/h. “Steel-8” was created , but the project was closed because it did not correspond to the theme of civil aircraft construction. Even then, Bartini showed himself to be a visionary designer who proposed the most daring ideas. He created such machines as the 12-seater passenger plane "Steel-7" with a "reverse gull" wing, designed the long-range Arctic reconnaissance aircraft (DAR), and the DB-240 .
This aircraft is better known as Er-2 - it was completed by another chief designer, Vladimir Ermolaev , since Bartini was arrested by the NKVD. He was charged with connections with the “enemy of the people” Marshal Tukhachevsky and with espionage in favor of Benito Mussolini , from whose regime Bartini, in fact, fled to the USSR. He was sentenced to 10 years in prison and 5 years of “disqualification of rights.” Bartini was sent to the closed prison-type TsKB-29, where he took part in the creation of the Tu-2 . At his request, he was transferred to the group of prisoner Dmitry Tomashevich in Bureau 101 and this also played a cruel joke on him, since in 1941 everyone who worked with the designer Tupolev was released. The employees of Bureau 101 were released only after the war.
wikipedia.org / Bundesarchiv, Bild 183-R80329 / CC-BY-SA 3.0
In 1944-1946, Bartini worked on projects for T-107 and T-117 . The T-117 aircraft was only 80% completed - Joseph Stalin considered that using the engines needed for Tu-4 was an unaffordable luxury, and the project was canceled. Bartini later began work on a new heavy military transport and landing aircraft, the T-200 . The project was even approved, but the plane was never built. Subsequently, many developments from this project were used in the development of Antonov aircraft. Then Robert Bartini worked at the Beriev hydroaviation design bureau. In 1952, he was sent to Novosibirsk, where he was appointed head of the department of advanced schemes of SibNIA - Siberian Aviation Research Institute named after. Chaplygin. A-55 supersonic flying boat-bomber . The project was initially rejected because the indicated characteristics seemed unrealistic. Sergei Korolev helped, substantiating the project experimentally.
In 1957, Bartini was seconded from SibNIA to OKBS MAP in the Moscow region. Here he developed 5 aircraft projects for various purposes. In 1961, he proposed a project for a supersonic long-range reconnaissance aircraft with a nuclear power plant. It was during this period of his career that he had another idea - the creation of an amphibious aircraft that could take off vertically and allow transport operations to cover most of the Earth. The “first sign” was the small Be-1 , which was tested in 1961-63.
In 1968, Robert Bartini's team moved to the plant named after. Dimitrov in Taganrog, who specialized in seaplanes. Here at the Beriev Design Bureau, work was carried out on the concept of “airfield-free aircraft”. VVA-14 anti-submarine aircraft were built . This project was the last in the life of Bartini, who died in 1974 at the age of 77...
Amphibious aircraft VVA-14 - video
In his opinion, the VVA-14 was supposed to “have take-off and landing devices that provide non-airfield basing, including on water and snow, all year round and in any weather, and seakeeping characteristics that allow long-term drift with the engines turned off.”
Resolution of the USSR Council of Ministers and the CPSU Central Committee No. 935-325 of November 11, 1965 ordered the creation of an aircraft with two D-ZOM turbofan propulsion engines equipped with thrust vector deflection devices and RD-36-35PR lift engines. The designers chose an aerodynamic layout with a very low aspect ratio caisson-type center section, flanked by nacelles and high aspect ratio trapezoidal consoles. According to the designer, the gondolas were supposed to contain inflatable cylinders with a volume of 50 m3 each, providing the required buoyancy and stability. The forward part of the fuselage housed the crew cabin, and in the middle part there was a weapons compartment, which was loaded on land through a hatch.
Two main engines of the D-ZOM turbofan engine were mounted on a pylon to the center section, and for a non-aerodrome takeoff it was planned to install twelve RD-36-35PR lift engines. Gas jets of lifting engines, entering the space limited by the center section, the interface between two media and the side nacelles, created, in addition to thrust, an air cushion. The vehicle was controlled after launch using aerodynamic rudders. For heading and pitch control, combined gas-jet rudders were created.
Two VVA-14 vehicles were built at once: 1M and 2M. The first of them was intended to study the aerodynamic layout and a number of aircraft systems, the second - to test vertical takeoff and landing, as well as transient flight conditions. Engine engineers did not produce lifting engines on time. Also, inflatable floats were not supplied. We decided to start testing on a wheeled chassis and urgently finalized the documentation. The chassis was a bicycle type with end supports.
On September 4, 1972, the crew led by test pilot Yu.M. Kupriyanov carried out the first flight from the factory airfield with unpaved airfield. The almost hour-long flight allowed us to draw the first conclusions: the car is stable and controllable. In 1974, the installation of inflatable floats began, which soon made it possible to test the car afloat. A study afloat showed that the maximum speed on water should not exceed 35 km/h. Otherwise, the floats may be deformed and destroyed, however, for a vertically taking off aircraft, this speed was enough. By mid-1975, the device had already made 107 flights, but there were still no lifting engines.
The fate of the car hung in the balance, and R.L. Bartini abandoned the engines of OKB P.L. Kolesov, and decided to install two more D-ZOM engines in the forward fuselage. Soft floats were replaced with hard ones. The landing gear was dismantled, their niches were sealed, and two non-retractable supports appeared on the floats. All modifications were carried out in 1976, after the death of R.L. Bartini. The modified 14M1P aircraft was no longer a vertical take-off aircraft. Tests on land and water were unsuccessful. The car did not rise, interest in it soon faded, and the program was closed.
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MU YAEPKHIMNL GYUBNDE KHCTSNRYUBKHBUKH TCGEKF, YNMYANKH YPSHKYU KH NOPEPEMKHE, YU YANPYU, LNMRYUF YAYULNKERMSHU YAKHYAREL KH YNMRPNKEMN-GYUOHYASHBUCHYEI YOOYUPYURSPSH ASHKYU GYU NOSH RMSHL OPNHGBNDYARBNL NYA.
1972 KERS OEPED KERMSHLH HYAOSHRYUMHLH.
bbyu-14 KHLEK NVEME MENASHVMSHI BHD. tCHGEKЪF I YUAHMNI OHKNRNB OEPEUNDHK B ZHEMRPNKYUM, ON ANYUL YNRNPNTSN PUYAONKYUTSYUKHYAE DBY NTsPNLMSHU NRYAYU I ONOKYUBYULH H YAKHYARELNI HU MYUDDSBYU. pYugmeyaemmne YARPEKNBKhDMNE TsNPKHGNMRYUKEMNE KH BEPRKHYUKEMNE NOEPEMKHE. nRZELMSHE VYUYARKH YPSHKYU YPEOHKHKYAE Y YEYANMS ZEMRPNOKYUMYU. gyu NPHTSKHMYUKEMNYARE YNMYARPSYZHKH YAYULNKER ONKSVKHK YKKHVYS “TYUMRNLYUYA”.
BEDSYHL HMFEMEPNL ON HYAOSHRYUMKHIL YARYUK h.y. bHMNYSPNB, KERVKHYNL-HYAOSHRYUREKEL tsp. ySOPHYMNB, LRSPLUMNL-HYAOSHRYUREKEL k.t. ySGMEZHNB.
YARNMYU, MU YNRNPNI PYYAONKNFHKH bby-14, PYYAONKYUTSYUKYUYAE MU YPYUCH KERMNTSN ONKJ S MEANKENNI PNYKH, R.M. "YUPYUMMRHMYU", YU B ZHEKU YNMYAOKHPYUZHHH "1l" ONKSVHK TsPYUFDUMYAYSCH PETSKHYARPYUZHHCH yayap-19172 X YAHLBNKHYS "YuSchPNTKNRYU" MU ANPRS.
b OEPKHND I 12 OH 14 KhChK 1972 Ts. GYUREL NR bbyu-14 NRYARSHYNBUKH YNMYANKH YPSHKYU KH UBNYARNBNE NOPEPEMKHE KH YANAKCHDYU BYAE ONKNFEMMSHE LEPSH YAYPERMNYARKH, B NDMS HG MNVEI OEPEBEGKKH MU YANYAEDMKHI RYUTSYUMPNTSAYKHI YU SCHPNDPNL, BREAD AERNMMSCH ONKNYAS, MU YNRNPNL AYUGHPNBUKYAJ NDHM HG SVEAMSHU ONKYNB eIYYNTsN BNEMMNTsN SVHKHYU KERVKHYNB.
rYUL, I 10 OH 12 YUBTSSYARYU, OPNAEFYH OPNDNKFHKHYAE. xU PEGSKERYURSH ASHKH NAMYUDEFHBUCHYHLH, bby-14 MU OPNAEFYUU DN YAYNPNYARH 230 YL/V BEK YEAA MNPLYUKEMN, YAHKNBYU SYARYUMNBYU X ANPRNBNE NANPSDNBYUMKHE PUANRYUKH AEG G YULEVYUMKHI. b YABNEL NRVERE KERVHY-HYAOSHRYUREKE tsp. ySOPHYMNB NRLERKHK, VRN: “mu PYUGAETSE, ONDKERE KH OPNAETSE YAYULNKER SYARNIVKHB, SOPYUBKEL, SUNDU I YSPYAYU BGKERYU H YPEMEMKHI MER.” yPNLE RNCN, NAPUYEMN BMHLUMKHE MU UNPNKHI NAGNP KH OHKNRAYNI YUAHMSH X SDNAMNE PUYAONKNFEMKHE OHKNRYUFMN-MYUBKHTSYUZHNMMSHU OPKHANPNB X OPKHANPNB YNMRPNK GYU YAHKNBNI S YARUMNBYNI.
oEPBSHI PYUG B BNGDSU bby-14 ONDMЪKYA 4 YAEMRP 1972 Ts. ySOPHYMNBIU H RSPLUMYU-HYAOSHRYUREK k.t. ySGMEZHNBYU. onKER, OPNDNKFYUBKHIYA ONVRKH VYUYA, ONYUGYUK, VRN SARNIVKHBNYARE KH SOPYUBKELNYARE LYUHMSH B BNGDSUE B OPEDEKYU MNPLSH KH MHVSRE ME USFE, VELED WITH RPYUDHZHNMMSHU YAYULNKERNB.
yYUY X MU GELKE, B BNGDSUE bbyu-14 BSHTSKЪDEK NVEME MENASHVMN, ONKSVHB GYU YABNCH "RPEUTSNKNBNYARE" OPH BHDE YAMHGS (ZHEMRPYUKEMSHI MNYA-TCHGEKЪF KH DBYU ANPRNBSHU NRYAYU) EY ╦ NDMS YKHVYS - “GLEY TsNPSHMSHV”. y NRDEKEMSHL ONKERYUL B YUVEYARBE YYULNKERYU YANOPNBNFDEMHЪ X YAYULNKERYU-SHRYUKNMYU DK YUKHAPNBYKH OHKNRYUFMN-MYUBKHTSYUZHNMMNTSN NANPSDNBYUMKH OPHBKEYUKYA AE-30 (No. 05 "nya").
KERMSHE HYAOSHRYUMKH OEPBNTSN ShRYUOYU GYUBEPHKHKYAE Y KERS 1973 Ts. MNL BONKME FHGMEYAONYANAMYU, YU LYUPYEBUYA YAHKNBUYU SYARYUMNBYU X NYAMNBMSHE YAKHYARELSH PUANRYUCHR MUDEFMN X NAEYAOEVKHBUCHR BSHONKMEMHE HYAOSHRYUREKEMSHU ONKERNB.
MN YAYULSHL GMYUVHLSHL HRNTsNL SCHRNTSN SHRYUOYU KERMSHU HYAOSHRYUMKHI YARYUKN RN, VRN OND YAYULNKERNL OPH ONKERE BAKKHGH GELKH RNKYKHMYU DHMYULKHVEYAYNI BNGDSMNNI ONDSYKH NYUGYUKYUYAE G MYUVHREKEMN ANKEYE ON NRMNYEMHCH Y YAPEDMEI YUSCHPNDHMYULKHVEYAYNI UNPDE YPSHKYU, VEL SHRN YAVHRYUKYUYAE PUMEE. oPH YAPEDMEI YUSCHPNDKHMYULKHVEYAYNI UNPDE bby-14 B 10.75 L SHTTTEIR DHMYULKHVEYAYNI ONDSYYKH NYSYYUKYA BSHYANRSH 10-12 L, YU MU BSHYANRE BSHPYUBMHBYUMKH (NYNKN 8 L) ONDSYU ASHKYU SFE RUY OKNRMYU X SYARNIVHBYU, VRN tsp. ySOPHYAMNB MU PYUGANPYU ONKERNB LMNTsN PYUG OPNYAHK PYUGPEYEMKH APNYAHRE PSVIS SOPYUBKEMKH KH DURE LYUHME YAYARE YAYULNI. oPNBEYARKH RYUNI SHYAOEPHLEMR ELS, OPYUBDU, RYU KH ME DUKH, NOYUYAYUJAE, VRN LNFER OPNYARN ME UBURKHRE BGKERMNI ONKNYASH.
edHMYARBEMMSHL YAEPEEGMSHL KHMZHHDEMRNL ASHK NRYUG TsKHDPNYAHYARELSH No.1 B OEPBNL ONKERE. oPHVKHMNI YARYUKN PUGPSYEMKHE RPSAIKH NRBNDYU PUANVEI FKhDYNYARKH NR MUYANYANB, HG-GYU YANBOYUDEMKH YNKEAYUMKHI TCHGEKFYU I VYUYARRNRNI OSKEYYUZHKH FKHDYNYARKH. bSHUND HG ONKNFEMKH MYUKKH, GYULEMKHB RPSAYKH MU PEGKHMNBSHE LYUMTSKH.
UNR OEPYAOEIRKHBSH ONKSVEMKH PEYUKEMSHU, YU ME "ASLYUFMSHU" ONDZELMSHU DBKHTSYUREKEY NYARYUBYUKHYAE BEYAELYU MENOPEDEKEMMSHLH, MUYNMEZH, ASHKN TsNRBN OMEBLURKHVEYAYNE BGKERMN-ONYA YUDNVMNE SYARPNYARBN (obos). ONOKYUBYH obos HLEKH DKHMS 14 L, DHYULERP 2.5 L, NAZEL YUFDNTSN YANYARYUBKK 50 L3. nMH ASHKH YAOPNEYRKHPNBUMSH dNKTSNOPSDMEMYAYHL ya YUTSPETSYURNB X KhGTSNRNBKEMSH MY UPNYAKYUBYAINL bHMMMNL GYUBNDE.
ONSCHRNLS GHLS 1973-74 CC. bbyu-14 (“1l”) OPNBEK B ZHEUE NOSHRMNTSN OPNKHGBNDYARBU nya TsDE MU METSN SYARYUMNBHKH YAKHYARELSH H SYARPNYARBU obos. nDMNBPELEMMN BSHONKMKKHYAE YARYURHVEYAYKHE HYAOSHRYUMKH MU YAOEZHHYUKEMN ONDTSNRNBKEMMNL ONOKUBYE.
BSHOSYAY ONOKYUBYNB NYASYYARBKKYAJ DBEMUDZHYURECH SOYUBKELSHHLH OMEBLURHVEYAYHLH YNKEZHEBSHLH SHFEIRNPYULH - OH NDMNLS MU YYUFDSHY NRYAY ONOKYUBYU. bNGDSU BSHYANYNTSN DYUBKEMKH NRAKHPYUKYA NR YNLOPEYAYANNPNB LYUPYEBSHU DBKHTSUREKEY. SANPYU obos NYASYYARBKKYUYAE TsKHDPNZHKKHMDPYULH, YNRNPSHE BNGDEYARBNBUKH VEPEG OPNDNKEMSHE RYUMTSKH MY RPNYASH, NUBURSHBUCHYKHE ONOKYUBYKH, BSHREYAMЪ BNGDSU HG HU NR YAEINB VEPEG PEDSYZHNMMSHE YKYUOYUMSH.
ONOKYUBYH YAHYARELYU HU SANPYH-BSHOSYAYU ASHKYU ASYBUKEMN MYUOHVYUMSH PUGKHVMSHLH SMKHYUKEMSHLH SYARPNYARBYULH X YAHYARELYULH, ONSHRNLS NYUGYUKHYAE NVEME MEOPNYARSHLH B DN BNDYE H MYKUDYE, YNRNPSHE OPNDNKFYUKHYAE BYACH BEYAMS H VYUYARE KERYU 1974 Ts.
GYUREL MYUVYUKYA SHRYUO HYAOSHRYUMKHI bby-14 MU OKYUBS. ONYAINKEYS YUYAYAKH BYAE BPEL LNPYAYKHU HYAOSHRYUMKHI MYUNDHKNYAE B SAPYUMMNL ONKNFEMHH, DK YAOSYAYU H ONZELYU LYUHMSH I MUDSRSHLH ONOKYUBYULH ASHKH KhGTSNRNBKEMSH YAOEZHHYUKEMSHE OPEYYURMSHE REKEFYH.
oEPBSHL DEKNL ASHKYU OPNBEPEMYU MEONRNKOKELNYARE YAYULNKERYU OPH PYUGTSEPLERKHGYUZHHH NRYAEINB ONOKYUBYNB. yaAPNYA DYUBKEMKH KH DBSU NRYAYENB NDMNTsN ONOKYUBYU ONDRBEPDKHK, VRN bby-14 YANUPYUMER OPH SCHRNL MNPLYUKEMSCH OKYUBSVEYARE. ONYAKE MUYARSOKHK VEPED PSKEFEY I ONYAREOOEMMSHL SBEKHVEMHEL YAYNPNYARKH DBHFEMKH ON BNDE. хЯОШРУМХЪ ONYUGYUKH, VRN LYUYAKHLYUKEMYU YAYNPNYARE OPH SCHRNL ME DNAFMYU OPEBSHYURE 35 YL/V. mu ANKEHU YAYNPNYARYU LYUHMY MYUVHMYUKYU NOSYAYURE MNYA Y ONBEPUMNYARH BNDSH X BNGMHYUKYU NOYUMNYARE DETNPLYUZHHH X ONYAKEDSCHYETSN PUGPSIEMKH LTSYKHU ONOKYUBYNB. MN DK BEPRKHYUKEMN BGKERYUCHYEI YULTHAHH SCHRNI YAYNPNYARKH ASHKN BONKME DNYURRNVMN.
ON NYNMVYUMHH SCHRYUOYU LNPEUNDMSHU HYAOSHRYUMHI HYAOSHRYUREKEMSHE ONKERSH OPNDNKFHKHYAE ONYU OPH SAPYUMMSHU ONOKYUBYUU obos. ndMUYYN Y SHRNLS BPELEMKH KHMREPEYA GYYUGVHYU Y bby-14 GYULERMN STSYUYA. NYAMNBMNE BMHLYUMKHE SDEKKNYAE YANBEPEMYARBNBYUMHCH SFE ONYARSOKHBKHU MU BNNPSFEMKHE aE-12, xK-38 X RS-142. YARYUKN NYNMVYUREKEMN YYAMN, VRN ONDZELMSHU DBHTSYUREKEY I OPHELKELSHLH YUPYUREPHYARKHYULH ME ASDER DUFE B NRDYUKEMMNL ASDSYEL. ONSHRNLS EY╦ B PYUGTSYUP PYUANR ON LNMRYUFS X HYAOSHRYUMKHIL obos p.k. AYUPRKHMH OPKHMK PEYEMKHE DNPYUANRYURE "1l" B YUOOYUPYUR ON RHOS SHYPYUMNOKYUMYU I ONDDSBNL BNGDSUYU NR DNONKMHREKEMSHU DBKHTSUREKEY OND ZHEMRPNOKYUM. mYUVYURSHE B ShchRNL MYUPYUBKEMKHH PUANRSH OPHBEKH Y YANGDYUMKHCH ShYAOEPHLEMRYUKEMNTSN SHYPYUMNKERYU 14l1o, MN ETSN HYAOSHRYUMKH MYUVYUKKHYAE SFE AEG aYUPRKHMH. b DEYUAPE 1974 Ts. pNAEPRYU kCHDNBKHYNBHVYU ME YARYUKN.
KERMSHE HYAOSHRYUMHЪ, ON KHMEPZHHH, OPNDNKFHKHYAE H B 1975 Ts. oPEDYARNKN HYAOSHRYURE obos H ONBEDEMHE LYUHMSH I BSHOSYEMMSHLH ONOKYUBYULH B ONKERE. OPEDBYUPHREKEMN OPNBEKH YAEPKHCH OPNAEFEY KH ONDKERNB I ONYAREOOEMMSHL SBEKHVEMHEL YAREOEMH BSHOSYAYU ONOKYUBYNB (DK SCHRNTSN TsKhDPNYAHYARELYU YAYULNKERYU ASHKYU YANNRBERYARBSCHYHL NAPYUGN L LNDKHTHZHHPNBUMYU).
oEPBSHI ONKER bby-14 I ONKMSHL BSHOSYAINL X SANPYNI ONOKYUBYNB B BNGDSUE YANYARNKYA 11 KhChM 1975 Ts. I SCHYHOYUFEL B YANYARYUBE tsp. ySOPHYMNBU X k.t. ySGMEZHNBYU. BYAETSN B OEPHND I 11 OH 27 KhChM, B HYAOSHRYUREKEMSHU ONKERYUU, ASHKN BSHONKMEMN 11 BSHOSYAINB-SANPNY obos. NYNASHU OPNAKEL B ONBEDEMKHE LYUHMSH B BNGDSUE BSHOSYEMMSHE ONOKYUBYKH ME BSHGBYUKH. bSHЪBHBYUYA OPH HYAOSHRYUMHU RPYAYU YYULNKERYU I MUDSRSHLH ONOKYUBYULH OPH BSHOSYUMMSHU GUIPSHKYUU, "YUY OPH OPNAEFYUU ON TsPSMRNBNI ONKNYAE" ON GYULEVYUMHCH KERVKHY NB, NOYUYAMNYARKH ME OPEDYARYUBKYU H LNTSKYU ASHRE SYARPYUMEMYU HGLEMEMHEL TNPLSH UBNYARNBSHU VYUYAREI ONOKYUBYNB. BYAE ONOSHRYKH YYULNKERYU PSHAYYURE OPH BSHOSYEMMNL obos SYARNIVHBN OYUPKHPNBYUKHYAE YAHYARELNI YUBRNLYURKHVEYAYNTSN SOPYUBKEMKHYUS-l.
schRKH ONKERSH YARYUKH GYUBEPYUCHYCHYHL YYYINPDNL B KHYARNPKHH bby-14. BYAETSN I YAEMRPAP 1972 Ts. ON KHCHME 1975 Ts. MU LYUHME “1l” ASHKN BSHONKMEMN 107 ONKERNB I MUKERNL ANKEE 103 VYYANB.
ONYAKE OPEPYYYEMH OPNTSPYULLSH bbyu-14, YAYULNKER “1l” GUYYURHKH B ZHEU MU OPENANPSDNBYUMKHE B SHYYAOEPHLEMRYUKEMSHI SHYPYUMNKER 14l1o, YANAPYUMMSHI OKUMEP LYUHMSH “2l” NR BEGKKH MU DUKEMKHI YPYUI GYUBNDYAYNI YARNMYKH, RPERKHI SHYGELOKP BEPRKHYUKEMN BGKERYUCHYEI YULTHAHH RYU KH ME MYUVYUKH YARPNHRE.
mu AYUGE bby-14 YASYYYARBNBUKH OPNEIRSH YANGDYUMKH LNDKHTHYUZHKHI PUGKKHVMNTSN MYUGMYUVEMH.
yNPYUAEKEMSHI BYUPHYUMR KHLEK ASH YAYKYUDMSHE YNMYANKH YPSHKYU KH UBNYARNBNE NOPEPEMKHE KH LNTs AYUGHPNBUREYAY MU OPNRKHBNKNDNVMSHU YPEIYEPYU OPNEIRYU 1123, YaOEZHHYUKEMN DNNANP SDNBUMMSHU YPSOMNRNNMMYUFMSHU YASUNTSPSGYUU KH RYUMYEPYUU, KHAN MY OPNRKHBNKNDNVMSHU YPEIYEPYUU-MNYAHREKU BBU-14.
b RPYUMYAONPRMNL BYUPHYUMRE bby-14 LNTs ASH OEPEBNGHRE 32 VEKNBEYU HKH 5000 YTS TsPSGYU MU PUYAYARNMKHE DN 3300 YL.
b ONKHYAYNBN-YAOYUYUREKEMNL BYUPHYUMRE B YANYARYUB SHCHYHOYUFYU YULTHAHH DNONKMHREKEMN BYKCHVYUKHYAE DBYU YAOYUYUREK X BPYuV. b TsPSGNBNL NRYAYE PYUGLEYUKNYAE YAOEZHHYUKEMNE NANPSDNBYUMKHE (KNDYKH, OKNRSH, KEAEDYU H R.D.). KERMSHE UYUPYUREPHYARKHYKH bbyu-14 B YAOYUYUREKEMNL BYUPHUMRE NYARYUBYUKHYAE OPYURHVEYAYH RYUYHLH FE, YUY S OPNRKHBNKNDNVMNTsN YAYULNKERYU GYU HYAYKCHVEMHEL DUKEMNYARKH ONKERYU, Y NRNPYU LNTSKYU ASHRE SBEKHVEMYU MU 500-1000 YL.
eY╦ NDHM ONHYAYNBN-YAOYUYUREKEMSHI BYUPKHYUMR YULTHAHH - bby-14oy OPEDMYUGMYUVYUKYA DK ONKHYAYU X SHBYYUSHHH YNYALHVEYAYHU YNPYUAKEI X YAOSYAYUELSHU LNDSKEY YUBRNL YURKHVEYAYKHU YOOYUPYURNB MU LNPE KH DNONKMK ASH SFE MYUNDYKHEYA B SHYYAOKSYURYUZHKH BEPRNKERSH lH-6oya.
yPNLE SVYUYARKH B YNYALHVEYAYNI OPNTSPYULLE bby-14oya DNAFEM ASHK BSHONKMRE GYUDYUVH ONHYAYU H YAOYUYAEMKH SHYHOYUFEI KERYUREKEMSHU YOOYUPYURNB, ONREPOEBKHU AEDYARBKHE MYUD L NPEL, VKEMNB SHCHYKHOYUFEI GURNMSBKHU YNPYUAKEI H YASDNB, YU RUYFE ONDBNDMKHYNB ONDMЪBHUYA MU ONBEPUMNYARE I GURNMSBKHU YASALYUPHM B BYAOKSHBUCHYHU YULEPYUU H PSAYUU. yYUY X OPNRNRKHO ONKHYAYNBN-YAOYUYUREKEMYU YULTHAKH LNTSKYU ASH BGKERYURE X YAYUDHREYAJ MU YASS X BNDS OPYURKHVEYAYKH B KCHANL LEYARE, HLEKYU ASH BSHYANISCH LNPEUNDMNYARE, AYUGH PNBUKYUYAE AS MU YNPYUAKU, MU BNDE KH MU TsPSMRNBSHU OKNYYUDYUU.
b "YNYALKHVEYAYNL" BYUPHYUMRE bby-14oy MU LEYARE TsPSGNBNTSN NRYAYU ASHK NANPSDNBYUM YUKNM I LEDKHZHHMAYHL NANPSDNBYUMHEL DK NRDSHU YNYALNMYUBRNB, NRYAY DK OEPEBNGYH YAOSYAY YUELNTSN YOOYUPYURYU, YAKHYARELS DK ETSN ONJEOIKH GYUTSPSGYKH, ANPRNBU KEAEDYU, INMREIMEPSH YAN YAOYUYUREKEMSHLH KNDYYULH kyuya-5ya X OKNRYULH oyam-6yu . b YANYARYUB SHYKHOYUFYU YPNLE KERVHYU, URSPLYUMYU H ANPRHMFEMEPU BUNDHKKH DBYU YAOYUYUREK X BPYUV.
naSHVMSHI BYUPHYUMR ONKHYAYNBN-YAOYUYUREKEMNI YULTHAHH NRKHVYUKYAJ NR "YNYALHVEYAYNTSN" ANKEE YAYPNLMSHL MUANPNNL NANPSDNBYUMKH (B VYYARMNYARKH NRYASRYARBNBUKYU YAHYARELYU OND ZELYU YAOSYAYUELNTSN YOOYUPYURYU) KH LNTSKYU OPKHMYRE MU ANPR 15 VEKNBEY, B RNL VHYAKE LEYARE RFEFKN PYUMEMSHU, DK MKHU OPEDSYALYURPHBYUKHYAE MNYAHKYKH. LYUHMY NAMYUYUKYUYAE YAOYUYUREKEMSHHLH YPSTSYULH, YUMYURYULH I ONOKYUBYULH, GYUOYUYANL LEDHYULEMRNB, BNDSH H REOKNI NDEFDSH. dK PYUANRSH MNVECH SYARYUMYUBKHBUKYA BSHDBHFMNI OPNFAIRNP Yao-62.
ONYAINKEYS BYA OPNTsPYULLYU ON YANGDYUMKHCH BEPRKHYUKEMN BGKERYUCHYETSN YYULNKERYU-YULTHAHH bbyu-14 ASHKYU YABEPMSRYU, BYAYE PUANRSH OH bbyu-14oy RYU X ME BSHKKH XX YARYUDHH SHCHAYKH GMNTsN OPNEIRYU.
b BYUPHYUMRE YAYULNKERYU-PERPUMYAKRNPYU DK bbyu-14 OKYUMHPNBYUKNYAE PYUGPYUANRYURE YAOJHYUKEMSCH YUMREMMS X YAKHYARELS DK E╦ ONZELYU MU BSHIANRS 200-300 L, OPH MUUNFDEMXX LYu BHMSH MU OKUBS.
MU bbyu-14 OPEDSYALYURPHBUKYUYAE SYARYUMNBYU OEPYAOEYRKHBMNTsN ONKHYAINBN-SDYUPMNTSN YNLOKEYAYU "ONKCHYA" DK ONPUFEMHYU PUYERMSHU ONDBNDMSHU KNDNY MU SDYUKEMHH NR YAYULNKERYU ME LESS THAN 200 YL. b SCHRNL BYUPKHUMRE YULTKHAKH MEYAKYU NDMS PYYERS "BNGDSU-ONBEPUMNYARE" BEYANL 3000-4000 YC, DKHMNI DN 9.5 L X YYUKHAPNL 700-780 LL B MKhFMEI VYUYARKH TCHGEKЪFYU X PYUD KHNKNYUZHNMMSHY DUKEMNLEP MU YHKE. yPNLE RNTsN, B ShchRNL BYUPKHUMRE SYARYUMYUBKHBYUKKHYAE KHMTPYYUPYYAMSHI OEKEMTSYURNP X OYUMNPYULMYU pkya. BYAE ShchRKH PYUANRSH ME BSHKKH XG OEPBNMYUVYUKEMNI YARYUDHH PUYAYALNRPEMKH REUMHVEYAYKHU OPEDKNFEMKHI X HGSVEMKH BNOPNYU GYUYUGVKHYNL.
MN B ZHEKNL GYURPYUVEMMSHE SYAHKKH ME OPNOYUKH DYUPNL. b PEGSKERYURE HYAOSHRYUMKHI ASHK ONKSVEM ANTSYURSHI SCHYAOEPHLEMRYUKEMSHI LYUREPHYUK, YU YAYULYU PUANRYU MYUD bby-14 YARYUKYU BEKKHYNKEOMNI YNKNI DK YAOEZHYUKHYARNB nya.
REUMHVEYAYNE NOHYUMHE.
YNMYARPSYZHKH yabbo BSHONKMEM ON YAUELE BSHYANYNOKYUMYU I YANYARYUBMSHL YPSHKNL HG MEYASYYUTSN ZHEMRPNKYUMYU X YNMYANKEY PUGMEYEMMSHL TsNPKHGNMRYUKEMSHL X BEPRHYUKEMSHL NOPEEMHEL X ON OKYUBYNBSHL BGKERMN-ONYUDNVMSHL SYARPNIYARBNL. yNMYARPSYZHKH B NYAMNBMNL BSHONKMEMU HG YUKCHLHMHEBSHU YAOKYUBNB I YUMRKHYNPPNGHNMMSHL ONYPSHRHEL X YUDLHPNBUMMSHU YARUKEY.
tCHGEKЪF ONKSLNMNYNYNBNI YNMYARPSYZHKH, OEPEUNDYKHI B ZHEMRPNOKYUM. b MNYANBNI VYUARKH PYUGLEYEMYU RPEULEYARMYU YYUAHMYU SHYHOYUFYU, NRDEKELYU OPH YUBYUPHIMSHU YAHRSYUZHKHU X NAEYAOEVKHBUCHYYU YAOYUAYEMHE SHCHYHOYUFYU MY BYAU PEFHLYU ONKERYU AE G HYAONKEGNBUMHЪ YURYUOSKERMSHU YPEYAK. gyu YYUAKHMNI PYUGLEYEM NRYAY YAHKNBNI SYARYUMNBYH I 12 ONZELMSHLH DBKHTSUREKLH X NRYAY BNNPSFEMKH.
yPSHKN YANYARNHR XG OPLNSTSNKEMNTSN ZHEMRPNOKYUMYU X NRZELMSHU VYUYAREI (nvy) RPYUOEZHHEBKHDMNI TNPLSH B OKYUME I STSKNL ONOEPEVMNTSN V +2╟ X GUYKKHMEMKHЪ 1╟, NAPYUGNBYUMMSH U OPNTHKLKH I NRMNYAHREKEMNI RNKYKHMNI 0.12. mu nvy HLECHRYA ON BIAELS PYUGLUUS OPEDYPSHKYKH, NDMNYEKEBSHE GYUPSHKYKH SCHKEPNMSH. I ZHEMRPNOKYUMNL YANOPYUCHRYA YAHTSYUPNNAPYUGMSHE NAREIYUREKH, MU YNRNPSHU PYUGLEYYUERYA NOEPEMKHE H obos.
NOEPEMKHE YABNANDMNMEYASYEE, PUYAONKNFEMMNE MY NAREYUREKU, YARPEKNBKHDMNE. TsNPKHGNMRYUKEMNE NOEPEMKHE NAYEI OKNYYUDECH 21.8 L2 KHLEER YARPEKNBKHDMNYARE ON OEPEDMEI YPNLYE 40╟, YAMYUAFEMN PSKLKH BSHYANRSH NAYEI OKNYYUDECH 6.33 L2. BEPRKHYUKEMNE NOEPEMKHE DBSUYKHKEBNE NAYYI OKNYYUDECH 22.75 L2 KHLEER YARPEKNBKHDMNYARE ON OPEDMEI YPNLYE 54╟, NAYYU OKNYYUDE PSKEY MUOPYUBKEMKHЪ 6.75 L2.
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bNNPSPHEMHE.
b OPNRKHBNKNDNVMNL BUPHYUMRE OPEDONKYUTSYUKNYAE PUGLEYARKHRE B ANLANNRYAYE PUGKKHVMNE BNNPSFEMKHE NAYHL BEYANL DN 2000 YC: 2 YUBHYUZHNMMSHE RNPOEDSH XKH 8 YUBKHYUZHNMMSHU LH M xtsld-500 (OPH SBEKHVEMKH ANEBNI MYUTSPSGYKH DN 4000 YTS) XKH 16 YUBKHYUZHNMMSHU ANLA okua-250. dK NANPNMSH MU LYUPPSRE OYURPSKHPNBYUMKH OPEDSYALYURPHBYUKYA NANPNMHREKEMSHI YNLOKEYA, NAEYAOEVKHBUCHYKHI ONYARYUMNBYS YURKHBMSHU X OYUYAYAHBMSHU ONLEU. cru:
| lNDHTHYUZHH | bbyu-14 |
| pYUGLUU YPSHKYU, L | 28.50 |
| dKKhMYu, L | 25.97 |
| bSHYANRYU, L | 6.79 |
| OKNYYUDE YPSHKYU, L2 | 217.72 |
| I love it, JC | |
| OSYARNTSN YAMYUPFEMMNTSN YYULNKERYU | 35356 |
| LYUYAHLYUKEMYU BGKERMYU | 52000 |
| RNOKHBU | 15500 |
| RHO DBKHTSUREK | |
| LUPIEBSHE | 2 rpdd d-30l |
| ONDZELMSHE | 12 rpdd pd36-35op |
| rtsyu, ytsya | |
| LUPIEBSHE | 2 U 6800 |
| ONDZELMSHE | 12 U 4400 |
| LYUYAKHLYUKEMYU YAYNPNYARE, YL/V | 760 |
| yPEIYEPYAYU YAYNPNYARE, YL/V | 640 |
| YaYNPNYARE AYUPPUFKHPPNBUMHЪ, YL/V | 360 |
| oPUYRHVEYAYU DUKEMNYARE, YL | 2450 |
| oPNDNKFHREKEMNYARE OYURPSKHPNBYUMKH, V | 2.25 |
| oPUYIRKHVEYAYKHI ONRNNKNY, L | 10000 |
| ShYKHOYUF, VEK | 3 |
| bNNPSPHEMHE: | ANEBYU MYUTSPSGYU - 2000 YTs (LYUYAKHLYUKEMN - 4000 YTs), 2 YUBHYUZHNMMSHE RNPOEDSH HKKH 8 YUBHYUZHNMMSHU LHM khtsld-500 (OPH SBEKHVEMKHH ANEBNI MYUTSPSGYH DN 4000 YTs) HK X 16 YUBHYUZHNMMSHU ANLA okua-250. |
| bottom. KhMTNPLYUZHKH: |
| VEPREF "aEPHEB (aYUPRHMH) bby-14" tNRNTsPYUTHH: | oEPBSHI NOSHRMSHI bbyu-14 (LYUKHMYU “1l”) BN BPEL OPNAEFEY |
| oEPBSHI NOSHRMSHI bbyu-14 (LYUKHMYU “1l”) BN BPEL OPNAEFEY | |
| oEPBSHI NOSHRMSHI bbyu-14 (LYUKHMYU “1l”) BN BPEL OPNAEFEY | |
| nRPYUANRYU OMEBLURKHVEYAYNTSN BGKERMN-ONYUDNVMNTsN SYARPNYARBU (obos BSHOSYEMMN) | |
| nRPYUANRYU OMEBLYURKHVEYAYNTSN BGKERMN-ONYUDNVMNTSN SYARPNYARBU (obos SAPYUMN) | |
| bbyu-14 (LYUHMYU "1l") | |
| schYHOYUF YYULNKERYU "1l" GUMKHLUER PUANVHE LEYARU OEPED OEPBSHL ONKERNL | |
| YaOSYAY YYULNKERYU "1l" YAN YAKHOYU | |
| lNPEUNDMSHE HYAOSHRYUMH bbyu-14 (LYUKHMYU “1l”) | |
| bbyu-14 (LYUKHMYU “1l”) BN BPEL LNPYAYKHU HYAOSHRYUMKHI | |
| bbyu-14 (LYUHMYU "1l") | |
| bbyu-14 (LYUKHMYU "1l") B OEPBNL ONKERE | |
| ONKER I BSHOSYEMMSHL obos | |
| bbyu-14 (LYUKHMYU "1l") B BNGDSUE | |
| bbyu-14 (LYUKHMYU “1l”) BN BPEL LNPYAYKHU HYAOSHRYUMKHI | |
| ONKER I SAPYUMMSHL obos | |
| bbyu-14 (LYUKHMYU “1l”) B ONKERE |
IWELSH:
| bbyu-14 (LYUHMYU "1l") |
| YNLONMNBNVMYU YAUELYU |
bYUPHYUMRSH NYPYYAYH:
| bbyu-14 (LYUHMYU "1l") |
| YaOHYANY HYARNVMKHYNB: |
| YuBKHYUZHKH BPEL 2005-05. YuKEYAYUMDP gYuAKNRYAIKHI, YuMDPEI YaYUKEMKHYNB. x YANGDUK NM GBEP MEBKHDUMMNTSN…. YuKEYAYUMDP gYuAKNRYAIKHI, YuMDPEI YaYUKEMKHYNB. 75 KER rumry HL. ts.l. aEPHEBU YUBKHYUZHKH bPEL 2005-05. mHYNKYUI oNTsNPEKNB. MEMSFMSHI YAYULNKER lNDEKHYAR-jNMYARPSYRNP 2019-02. YuKEYAYUMDP gYuAKNRYAIKHI, YuMDPEI YaYUKEMKHYNB. "GLEI TsNPSHMSHV" pNAEPRN aYUPRKHMH yaYULNKERSH LHPYU 1996-05-06. bYUKEPHI YUTSEEB. rPSDMYU YASDEAYU bby-14 yu.a.tsPKhTsNPEEB. YuKEAYURPNYASH: xG HYARNPHH TsKHDPNYUBHYUZHHH e.h.pSFHZHYHI. eBPNOIAYKHE YYULNKERSH BEPRKHYUKEMNTSN BGKERYU lNMHMN. lSGEI bNEMMN-bNGDSMSHU YAKhK. aYUGYU DUMMSHU HE PNYYAHYAYNI YUBHYUZHHH. bbyu-14 lNPNGNB dLHRPC. nREVEYARBEMMSHE YYULNK╦RSH BEPRKHYUKEMNTSN KH SINPNVEMMNTSN BGK╦RYU KH ONYYUDYKH pNLUM yuYARYUNB. PSYAYAYU YAHKYU. oPNRKHBNKNDNVMSHI YAYULNKER bby-14 Red Star 8. Sergey Komissarov. Russian's Ekranoplans |
sTSNKNY MEAYU. 2020
Performance characteristics of VVA-14
— Chief designer: R.L. Bartini - First flight: September 4, 1972 - Units produced: 2
VVA-14 crew
— 3 pilots
Dimensions VVA-14
— Wing span, m: 28.50 — Length, m: 25.97 — Height, m: 6.79 — Wing area, m²: 217.72
Weight VVA-14
— Aircraft empty weight: 35,356 kg — Maximum weight: 52,000 kg
Engine VVA-14
— Number of engines: 12 lifting engines (only on VVA-14) and 2 sustainer engines (on the 14M1P ekranolet) — Lifting engine: turbofan RD-36-35PR — Lifting engine thrust: 43 kN (4400 kgf) — Maintainer engine: D-30M — Main engine thrust: 67 kN (6800 kgf)
Speed VVA-14
— Maximum speed, km/h: 760 — Cruising speed, km/h: 640 — Loitering speed, km/h: 360
Flight range of VVA-14
— 2450 km
Practical ceiling VVA-14
— 10,000 meters
Armament VVA-14
- 2 aircraft torpedoes, or 8 aircraft mines IGMD-500, or 16 aircraft bombs PLAB-250, with a maximum combat load of 4000 kg.
Unnecessary plane
wikipedia.org / User:Jno / CC BY-SA 2.0
The experimental aircraft VVA-14 never made a vertical takeoff. Now the preserved body of the ekranolet version stands in the Aviation Museum in Monino, near Moscow, and the body of the second prototype, which has never flown, lives out its days in the TANTK named after. G. M. Beriev in Taganrog (Rostov region). The first car is currently being restored by volunteers, which is good news. After all, this aircraft is an excellent example of a bold design idea, although the engineers were not able to fully implement all the ideas. VVA-14 is a part of our and world aviation history, which must be preserved for display to all aviation enthusiasts.
