Revolver Lefoshe M1856 cartridge caliber 11 mm. Device
11-mm Lefoshe revolver model 1856 chambered for a pin cartridge
Lefoshe revolvers are named after the French designer Casimir Lefoshe. In 1828, K. Lefoshe proposed his design for a unitary cartridge with a rigid sleeve and thus became one of the gunsmiths who laid the foundation for a revolution in the development of small arms.
Single action trigger mechanism. The barrel is round in cross-section, octagonal in the breech, the bore has 4 grooves. At the bottom of the trunk there is an L-shaped tide. The revolver frame is connected to the lower end of the boss using a screw. The drum axis is fixed in the tide; the rear end of the axis is screwed into the socket of the drum butt plate. The cleaning rod-extractor is attached to the right in an asymmetrically drilled hole. The sights are a triangular front sight with a spherical pommel; the role of the rear sight is played by a slot in the hammer striker.
The Lefoshe cartridge case consisted of a metal tray and a folder body (later the case became all-metal), while the primer composition was placed at the bottom of the case; the primer was struck by a radially located “pin” rod protruding from the side of the case and receiving the blow of the trigger. In this way, the hammer strike from above was preserved, and the firing pin itself was included in the design of the cartridge. The cartridge was loaded with a lead bullet. The pin cartridge was quite dangerous in operation, the pins often broke, but the cartridge became a significant step forward compared to muzzle-loading weapons and even a “paper” unitary cartridge for breech-loading weapons with a “needle” design. Since 1853, revolvers of the system of the son of the inventor of the pin cartridge, Eugene Lefoshe, were produced. In addition to revolvers chambered for pin cartridges with a metal sleeve, small-sized pistols were also manufactured (an example of this is double-barreled pistols of 8 and 10.7 mm caliber, stored in the Museum of the History of Weapons in Zaporozhye). However, hairpin revolvers gained much greater popularity - in Belgium, for example, their production continued until the First World War.
In Great Britain, where the revolver was actually developed, it did not receive recognition, but on the continent it found wide use. Here the Lefoshe was the first revolver chambered for a unitary cartridge to be put into service. During the Crimean War, the French government tested pinned revolvers (the American Colt and the English Beaumont-Adams were also tested), and as a result, in 1856, the Lefoshe revolver was adopted by the French navy. The Lefoshe M1856 revolver turned out to be a high-quality and reliable weapon, easy to use, durable, well-balanced and quite suitable as a “military” weapon.
Structurally, the Lefoshe M1856 revolver had a round barrel with a lug attached to the central axis of the drum and to the bottom of the frame. It has a conventional strong fixed breech with a charging door on the right. The drum rotates freely, but when the hammer is cocked, a stopper extends from the bottom of the frame shield, securing the drum. The stopper fits into the corresponding recess of the drum and fixes it when the chamber of the drum with the cartridge is aligned with the bore.
The Lefoshe revolver model M1858 was equipped with an octagonal barrel with a front sight; the sight was a cutout on top of the front of the trigger. The hammer can be cocked manually. The revolver is also equipped with an extractor rod, which is supported by spring pressure. The spring prevents the rod from accidentally falling into the drum.
The surface of the drum is smooth. without fullers, with protruding teeth for fixation when turning. The drum has six chambers, above which in the end part of the drum there are slots for installing cartridge pins.
In Russia, revolvers of the Lefoshe system were tested in 1859 at the Officer Rifle School and were recognized as the best among the models produced at that time due to their simplicity and the use of a unitary cartridge. Official deliveries from abroad began in the 60s of the 19th century. for the rearmament of the lower ranks of the Separate Corps of Gendarmes. 4,500 revolvers were ordered from Lefoshe, and 1,600 from the Belgian manufacturer Tanner. Another 1,000 were manufactured at the Sestroretsk plant. In 1871, 500 Lefoshe revolvers were ordered from the Tula gunsmiths Goltyakov by the Main Artillery Directorate. These revolvers, although not officially accepted for service, were recommended to be purchased (along with other models, for example, Colt) by officers at their own expense (instead of standard smooth-bore pistols model 1849, unpopular among the troops).
Later, pinion revolvers could not withstand competition with revolvers chambered for central or rimfire cartridges. But for its time, it was a truly revolutionary system that demonstrated the merits of a breech-loading rapid-fire weapon chambered for a cartridge with a metal sleeve. On the “civilian” market, various revolvers of the Lefoshe system were in circulation for quite a long time.
The drum door is located on the right side, has a spring-loaded latch, and the door opens upward. The revolver handle has an oval cross-section, slightly widening towards the bottom. The handle is curved, the base of the handle is metal with wooden cheeks attached with a screw. The butt plate of the handle is steel, convex oval in shape, in the central part it has a ring on a spherical base. The trigger spoke has a notch in the form of a fine mesh. The trigger guard is rounded; the trigger is slightly curved. The metal surfaces of the revolver are polished.
There are markings on the surface of the revolver: in the upper part of the barrel in the form of the text “E LEFAUCHEUX BRTE SGDG A PARIS”
Construction[ | ]
On the side surface of the sleeve (at its bottom) of the pin cartridge, a special part was installed in the form of a small metal rod (pin) sharp at one end, and the sharp end was located inside the sleeve in front of the striking compound. The other side of the pin extended outside the sleeve. To ignite the composition and fire a shot, it was necessary to strike the outer end of the pin, while the sharp end of the pin struck the primer, initiating the ignition of the gunpowder inside the cartridge case.
Photo of the Lefoshe revolver
Under the drum on the right on the tide is the “LF” test under the brand of Evgeniy Lefoshe’s enterprise (the brand is a stylized image of a gun with a broken barrel); also the weapon number and assembly marks in the form of the text “21”, “V” on various parts of the weapon.
A small-sized “pocket” 9-mm hairpin revolver of the Lefoshe system without a trigger guard and with a folding trigger.
Variant of the Lefoshe revolver, equipped with a hairpin cartridge
Lefoshe system pin revolver model 1858
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Disadvantages[ | ]
- The need to load pin cartridges in a special order so that the pins are opposite the trigger - installing cartridges in special cutouts in the revolver drum (which required certain skills from the shooter).
- Danger for the shooter when used, since an accidental blow to the protruding pins could provoke a shot or explosion of the cartridge in the chamber (if it was not opposite the barrel bore). The use of sides to eliminate this phenomenon was ineffective, and ring-shaped shields increased the weight and dimensions of the weapon.
- Hairpin cartridges did not always provide proper sealing, which contributed to the breakthrough of powder gases between the barrel and the chamber.
- Difficulty in removing spent cartridges from chambers (especially when they are “bloated”).
Notes[ | ]
- Shokarev Yu.V.
Firearms: Encyclopedia of technology. - Rosman, 2006. - 66 p. — ISBN 9785353004752. - Team of authors.
Big encyclopedia of technology. — Litres, 2017-09-05. — 3681 p. — ISBN 9785457681040. - Lefoshe.html (inaccessible link)
- ↑ 1 2
Berloque Pistol
(unspecified)
(inaccessible link). Retrieved March 4, 2022. Archived February 23, 2022.
