Video of the SPP-1M pistol
The task for the development of an underwater pistol complex for arming scuba divers was issued in 1968. From several schemes - using the active-reactive and active throwing principles - the “active” scheme was chosen for further work. The weapon was developed as a multi-barreled non-automatic weapon.
The development of weapons at TsNIITOCH-MASH was carried out by V.V. Simonov (great-nephew of the famous domestic gunsmith S.G. Simonov), the 4.5-mm SPS cartridge - P.F. Sazonov and O.P. Kravchenko. The work was carried out in collaboration with the Tula Arms Plant. In 1971, the SPS cartridge and a four-barreled pistol for it were adopted for service. The pistol received the designation SPP-1 (“special underwater pistol, first model”).
The conditions under which a bullet moves under water are radically different from its movement in the air. The bullet, having left the barrel, will enter an environment that differs from air in density (and it is 800 times higher), pressure, and viscosity. Moreover, water is incompressible. A bullet with an insignificant relative elongation (the ratio of the length of the bullet to the caliber) will simply tip over; the gyroscopic effect will not ensure stability of movement of such a bullet in water. However, if you move to a different barrel and bullet design, the disadvantages can be turned into advantages.
The bullet of the SPS underwater cartridge has a mass of 13.2 g of high elongation (about 25:1 - bullet length 115 mm) with a blunt nose. The stability of the movement of such a bullet under water is ensured by the formation of a cavitation cavity (cavity) around it almost along its entire length - the phenomenon of hydrodynamic cavitation manifests itself when the bullet moves in water at high speed. The cavitation cavity helps stabilize the bullet's movement. And since there is no need to “twist” the bullet in the barrel, the shot is fired from a smooth barrel through which the bullet travels with a gap. The SPS cartridge case has a protruding rim.
The effective firing range of the SPS cartridge bullet under water decreases with increasing depth, but in all cases exceeds the line-of-sight range at the corresponding depth. At the same time, the bullet ensures reliable defeat of an enemy in a wetsuit. In addition, SPP can be used to protect swimmers from dangerous marine predators.
The pistol has a folding block of four barrels. The block is hingedly mounted on the axles of the frame and is folded down for loading and reloading, as in “breaking” hunting rifles. This scheme corresponds to a large cartridge length - 145 mm. Loading is carried out by a clip in which four cartridges are secured. The spent cartridges are simultaneously removed from the clip. The self-cocking firing mechanism includes a firing pin rotating in a transverse plane and ensures consistent firing from the barrels. With each press of the trigger, the firing pin rotates 90° and, moving along the screw pattern, breaks the primer of the next cartridge.
On the left side, in the recess of the handle, there is a non-automatic safety box, which also ensures locking of the barrel block. Sighting devices include an open front sight and a permanent rear sight. The SPP-1M pistol (1979) has a spring that facilitates the trigger, and the enlarged trigger guard allows shooting in three-fingered insulated swimmer's mittens.
The pistol is carried in a closed belt holster made of artificial leather. 12 cartridges in clips are placed in metal cases. The production of the 4.5 mm SPP-1M pistol, as well as the 5.6 mm APS underwater assault rifle, was organized at the Tula Arms Plant. This set of weapons for scuba divers has no direct foreign analogues.
Rules for choosing underwater guns
When purchasing a spearfishing gun, you need to pay attention to a few criteria:
- the weapon should have a simple design, which will simplify subsequent operation;
- the gun system should not contain complex mechanisms, which will simplify restoration and ensure maximum performance;
- good accuracy can be achieved with minimal recoil;
- the smaller the gun, the more comfortable the hunt;
- the gun should not be heavy, as there is a risk of losing it during hunting;
- noiselessness is an important factor in hunting; the quieter the shot is, the higher the chance of hitting the target;
- The process of loading a gun should not take much time, so you should not purchase experimental or unknown types of weapons.
Surkov's underwater gun
Underwater gun Epee
Photo of the SPP-1M pistol
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Sling
You can’t call a sling or a Hawaiian gun a gun, and from the outside it doesn’t look like one. However, this device itself became the ancestor of all underwater guns.
A sling is a metal tube with a movable tip attached to it. The other end has a spring or rubber band. To activate the device, a spring or rubber band is pulled to the middle of the tube. At this point, the hunter, holding it with his hand, releases the tube after aiming. The tension force will throw it sharply at the target. You can make such an underwater gun with your own hands without any problems, even at home.
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Gunpowder weapons
The weapon, popular (at one time) due to its power, minimal configuration and ease of handling, left all ratings due to its operating principle. The impact force is created by a capsule-type squib. The cost of one cartridge has made underwater guns of this type a record holder for the price of one shot. In addition, it turned out to be one of the firearm types with all the ensuing consequences. Now, in order to purchase or see such a gun, you need to try or visit a spearfishing museum.
Advantages:
- Powerful and easy to use.
Flaws:
- Restricted use.
The best models of gunpowder weapons for underwater hunting
PPO under the capsule “chewed”
An excellent underwater gun - simple, compact and reliable. The harpoon is inserted into the barrel, the bolt is retracted into a magazine designed for 4 capsules. Charges are inserted, the bolt is closed, the hammer is cocked and the gun is ready to fire.
PPO pistol
Advantages:
- Power and range unrivaled
Flaws:
- Prohibited use in sport and recreational fishing.
Prison
The very first of the spearfishing tools, thanks to which our ancestors first learned the taste of fish.
Sargan sling 2
Advantages:
- Simplicity of design;
- Reliability;
- The safest of all the varieties listed.
Flaws:
- Use requires certain skills and special training;
- The damage range is limited by the length of the spear.
The best spearfishing fort
Sargan sling 2
It is a modernized fort. There is no need to hit the prey with your hand - the defeat is caused by the compression force of the stretched rubber. The ring attached to the harpoon is put on the hand and pulled tight, but as soon as the spear is released, it flies to the target. The striking range is up to 1 m, but there are enough fish in the water that allow the hunter to approach such a distance. The model is collapsible and convenient for transportation.
Advantages:
- Disassembles, easy to transport;
- Does not require maintenance.
Flaws:
- Small striking distance.
