Question No. 4 Purpose of parts and mechanisms of the assault rifle (AK-74).

BERTIER SYSTEM CARBINE MODEL 1890

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In France, instead of the Gra system carbine of the 1874 model, 11 mm caliber, the Berthier system carbine of the 1890 model was adopted. The Berthier system differs sharply from the French infantry rifle of the Lebel system of the 1886 model, firstly, in the magazine, and secondly, in the locking part of the bolt . The Berthier carbine has a barrel length of 450 mm. The caliber is 8 mm, the same cartridge as for the 1886 model infantry rifle. The sight is framed, on a stepped block, has divisions up to 1000 m. The length of the sighting line is 363 mm with the sight down and only 310 mm with the sight up. The length of the carabiner is 945 mm. Weight 3000 g. Among the cavalry models of that time, the French carbine was one of the lightest, most portable and easy to use carbines. Loading the carbine is very convenient at all cavalry gaits; when riding fast, the weapon minimally disturbs the rider, while the carbine, despite the short barrel and very thin at the muzzle, gives satisfactory accuracy of combat.

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The best corded impact wrenches

BOSCH GDS 30

72 300

Our rating of the best impact wrenches opens with the BOSCH GDS 30 corded impact wrench. A full-fledged tool for heavy work, it is not light in weight - it’s not for nothing that it has a suspension eye: whatever one may say, 7.3 kg makes itself felt. But a full two-handed grip and an inch square under the heads will allow you to pull with all your might. Even in “soft” mode it produces up to 500 Newton meters, and in “hard” mode – up to a thousand. In this regard, the translation of the Russian Bosch website is especially amusing - there these modes are called “soft and hard driving of SCREWS.” Show me such a screw, translators!

Revolver Lebel arr. 1892

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French revolver mod. 1892 is similar in design to the Colt system revolver, but the cylinder is tilted for loading and unloading not to the left, but to the right. The drum is locked by a trigger and a locking device of a slightly different device. A special feature of this revolver is its ease of disassembly. To disassemble, unscrew the connecting screw and turn the left wall; After this, the revolver will be completely open and can easily be disassembled in a manner similar to disassembling a Colt revolver. In addition, the revolver had an “Abadi door” for alternate loading of cartridges. According to A.B. Zhuk, simultaneous extraction of cartridges with the drum folded back was present, but the introduction of cartridges into the chambers of the drum was carried out one by one (as with Nagan revolvers). The revolver was in service with the French army along with old French revolvers mod. 1873-1874 The design, in general, is quite perfect for its time, but the ideas that guided the gunsmiths when deciding the issue of preloading are not entirely clear. One caliber with a rifle made it possible to use defective rifle barrels in revolver production, but the caliber did not quite provide sufficient stopping power. The problem is similar to the problem of Nagan revolvers in Russia, where the same principle of a single caliber was laid down.

Ruby pistols

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Ruby pistols are self-loading pistols, best known as sidearms of the French Army during World War I, under the name Pistolet Automatique de 7 millim.65 genre "Ruby". Imitating John Browning's pistols, they were produced by more than 50 Spanish firms, but mainly by Gabilondo y Urresti. Pistols like Ruby had intuitive controls, were easy to disassemble and were quickly mastered even by beginners. Its small size and decent magazine capacity made it a popular “backup” weapon for trench warfare, especially for signalmen, orderlies, machine gunners, tank crews, mortarmen and second-line soldiers. The relatively weak cartridge gave a small recoil, which made it possible to better control the weapon and conduct targeted shooting.

MAUSER RIFLE 1898

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In Germany, instead of the Model 1888 rifle, the Model 1898 rifle of the same caliber as the previous model was adopted: 7.92 mm, chambered for the same cartridge, but in its design the new rifle is much more advanced than the rifle of the previous model. Barrel length 745 mm. 4 grooves, right stroke, pitch 240 mm. The sector sight has a unique design: the clamp runs in the longitudinal grooves of the sighting block, the shield is massive with curved grooves; there is one slot for all distances, divisions for a distance of up to 2000 m. The sight is very durable, but has parts that rise significantly above the barrel, is heavy, requires very precise manufacturing and is therefore expensive to manufacture. The length of the aiming line is 642 mm. Rifle length 1250 mm. The weight of the rifle is 4100 g. The cartridge is in the same cartridge case without a rim. The blunt-point bullet weighs 14.7 g, the smokeless powder charge is 2.65 g, the cartridge weighs 27.9 g, the lateral load of the bullet is 30 g/cm2, the muzzle velocity is 640 m/sec. Since 1906, a pointed cartridge has been adopted, the bullet of which weighs 10 g, the charge is 3.2 g, the cartridge is 23.75 g, and the lateral load of the bullet is 20.4 g/cm2. The initial speed of the bullet is 900 m/sec., at 25 meters - 860 m/sec. The ballistic properties of the rifle are very good. The bolt is sliding with a turn, the same as in the Mauser rifle of the 1893-1895 model, only the trigger has been significantly changed, but disassembly has been made easier. The fuse is the same one. Descent with warning. The staggered magazine holds 5 rounds, exactly the same as in Mausers, starting with the 1893 model. Loading is done from a five-cartridge plate clip, known until 1893 and still serving in many countries. Loading, however, is more convenient than in the 1893 model, because there is a large recess for the finger in the left wall of the receiver; When the bolt is closed, the clip is ejected from the slots by the bolt.

Best Air Impact Wrenches (Users' Choice)

Wester PSS-10

Pros and cons: sufficient power, adjustable, comfortable handle, low vibration, low air consumption, no significant disadvantages

Thorvik AIW12717

Pros and cons price/quality resistance to overloads high tightening torque weak equipment

Fubag IW900(100195)

Pros and cons good equipment - heads, case high tightening torque adjustment of the tightening torque to put it in the case you need to unscrew the fitting the reverse is a little awkward

Eco AIW-742S

Pros and cons price/quality low air consumption good equipment no significant disadvantages

JONNESWAY JAI-1054

Pros and cons good quality sufficient power alloy motor housing rubber-polymer handle lining four modes impact heads are tightly inserted into a square no case

CALIBER PGU-16/310A

Pros and cons low price there is a reverse tension regulator high air consumption

Ombra OMP11212

Pros and cons good quality minimal noise level good torque low air consumption reverse is inconveniently located only one mode

Reichsrevolver M-1879 (Reichsrevolver M1879 and M1883)

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The German Reichsrevolver M-1879 was intended to arm the army. The revolver was in service with the German army from 1880 until 1908, when it was replaced by the Parabellum P08 pistol. During the First World War, the revolver was in service with the rear units of the German army, and was also used at the final stage of the Second World War; it was armed with the Volkssturm militia. The 10.6 mm revolver cartridge was on sale until 1939. The design of the revolver was initially designed to be simple and massive, suitable for mass production. Almost all German arms companies produced Reichsrevolver. The trigger mechanism allows firing only with manual cocking of the hammer.

Also in this section:

Fitting the stock and forend on the IZH-27 shotgun for “dummies”

27.05.2016

Section: “Rifle Mechanisms”

For a master, installing new fore-ends and butts on a gun will not be difficult, but he once took on this for the first time. Many young and still inexperienced hunters have questions, so without claiming any special skill, I want to show how it’s done.

Read →

Walther Modell 4

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Walther Modell 4 is a self-loading pistol, the operation of which is based on the use of recoil energy from a free bolt. The trigger mechanism is of the hammer type, with the trigger located internally. The ejector and window for removing cartridges are located on the left side of the bolt. To disassemble the weapon, a sleeve is installed in the front part of the bolt, which is fixed with a special lever located on the right, at the bottom of the bolt, or has a bayonet mount. Sights consist of a front sight located on the front bushing and a rear sight on the bolt. Early models had a slot in the top of the bolt instead of a rear sight.

Mauser C96

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Military pistols of the Mauser system, which first appeared in 1896, gave a great impetus to the development of automatic weapons and are currently being adopted by a number of countries with minor design changes. Pistol of the Mauser system mod. 1902 was modernized in 1908 and was adopted into service in Germany, first under the name “Mauser pistol mod. 1902”, and then under the name “Mauser pistol mod. 1908." The modernization increased the power of the pistol and the length of the barrel, and also changed the design of the sight. Mauser pistols mod. 1902-1908 were in service with armies in England, Italy, Czechoslovakia and other countries. The pistol is a type of automatic weapon using recoil of the barrel and bolt with a short barrel stroke. The complete withdrawal of the bolt after disengagement from the barrel is carried out due to the acquired speed of joint movement and mainly due to the residual pressure of the powder gases. The barrel bore is locked using a locking latch (cylinder) that rotates in a vertical plane. Trigger-type impact mechanism with open trigger position. The mainspring is mounted inside the pistol frame and simultaneously performs the functions of a barrel return spring. The trigger mechanism allows only single fire. Some samples of pistols, made to special order, also have continuous fire.

MAUSER PISTOL mod. 1914

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A characteristic feature of the design was the use of the striker as a reflector of the spent cartridge case, and also the fact that the magazine was designed to hold nine rounds instead of the usual six rounds for pocket pistols. The spent cartridges were ejected to the right and upward. Sights consisted of a front sight on the barrel and a permanent sight on the bolt housing. According to the military, a pocket Mauser bullet from seventeen meters pierced five inch pine boards (a Nagan bullet only three), when firing from a distance of twenty meters, the radius of the best half of the hits was 22 centimeters (the Browning 1906 had 26 centimeters). Compared to other models of this type, the Mauser was larger, but its convenience and high reliability made it very popular. One cannot fail to note the peculiar elegance of this weapon. In Russia it was called “Mauser number one”, in contrast to “Mauser number two” - the same pistol-carbine. By the beginning of the First World War, many officers, officials and private individuals purchased Mauser Number One for personal use. in Oberndorf could not complain about small orders, although it did not succeed in the Russian market as much as the Belgian Fabric National with its Brownings.

"Live" article

Only truly interesting articles that have a certain zest that distinguishes them from the mass of generally monotonous and essentially boring, often simply advertising, materials are able to remain in memory for many years. And the best of the best are able to inspire the reader to do things that he would never have undertaken without reading this article. First of all, such articles are simply interesting to read even for people who have a very superficial understanding of weapons and shooting. In them, the author not only provides information about a specimen, part of its history or a successful hunt, but shares with the reader a piece of his view, his unique experience, his personal opinion. Similar descriptions of new technologies or the merits of famous designers of the past are often simply a rather boring presentation of facts, if they are not supplemented with that very zest, the personal opinion of the author. These features are decisive in our perception of a particular work and interest in it from the very beginning. Ultimately, only interesting and lively articles are remembered by readers and are even capable of influencing his life path in one way or another.

Back in 1996, I read the ninth issue of the Russian edition of the magazine “Soldier of Fortune”, which contained an article by Chuck Karvan “Traditions and Ambitions”, written in the form of a polemical presentation of the author’s views on the use of self-cocking self-loading pistols in the design. I can't say that Karwan wrote a perfect article that fits the above-mentioned characteristics of an interesting and inspiring reader, but to a large extent, in part thanks to this work, I myself began writing articles about weapons. Of course, like any article, “Traditions and Ambitions” certainly has its shortcomings and translation errors, but they all pale in comparison to one very important, at least for me, fact stated above. Partly thanks to this work of a person unknown to me personally, my own articles published in the Russian magazine “Weapon” were written: Kel-Tec PF-9: Compact with a clip, “Snub-nosed” Colt Detective Special and Innovative pistol Kel-Tec PMR-30. Now let's move on to the main thing.

Beholla self-loading pistol and its variants (Beholla, Stenda, Menta, Leonhardt)

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The Beholla pistol was produced between 1915 and 1918 for the German army, in total about 45,000 pistols were produced. Production was carried out in Suhl, from which the pistol got its name (Becker & Hollander). The company was later renamed Stenda Werke and the pistol was named "Stenda". Other German arms companies also produced this pistol; copies are known under the names Menz, Menta, Leonhardt. The Menta and Menz variants, in addition to the 7.65 mm caliber, were also chambered for 6.35 Browning caliber cartridges, which was not the case with the original Behall and Stand.

Pistol "FL Selbstlader"

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The FL Selbstlader pistol was a completely ordinary 7.65 mm blowback pistol. Its only curious feature was the shutter, which was made as a separate unit from the casing. The barrel was threaded to the frame, and the return spring was placed in the upper part of the casing, held above the breech by a fixed clamp. The shutter moved in the grooves of the frame, the cutout in the right side of which formed a rather large window for ejecting cartridges, which is why the shutter did not have sufficient support. The coupling of the bolt to the casing was ensured by a clamp attached to the casing on a hinge and connected to the bolt using protrusions and a large screw at the end of the latter. It was this design feature that served as the basis for registering a patent application for the invention.

Rating of the best cordless impact wrenches

Along with pneumatic impact wrenches, battery-powered electric models are no less popular in the garage. Impact wrenches are less powerful, but convenient in terms of mobility.

Bort BAB-18I-LIDK

The model is considered budget, has a small torque of 250 Nm. Powered by an 18 volt battery with a capacity of 1.5 Ah. One charge is enough to loosen 40 and tighten 32 nuts. When idling, it develops up to 3.2 thousand rpm.

Battery charging time does not exceed 1 hour

AEG BSS 18C 12Z-0

The impact wrench does not include a battery or charger, but the model is popular. The tool develops torque up to 360 Nm. Powered by a 4 Ah battery with a voltage of 18 volts. When operating in pulse mode, it creates 3.2 thousand beats per minute.

When replacing wheels, install extended impact sockets

RYOBI R18IWЗ-0

The impact wrench is powered by an 18 volt battery, but you can buy it separately. The power tool develops torque up to 400 Nm. There is a three-level speed adjustment. Fasteners are tightened at speeds 1 and 2. In 1 minute, an electric impact wrench creates 3.2 thousand blows.

At idle it develops 2.9 thousand rpm

Makita DTW281Z

The durable electric impact wrench is equipped with a brushless motor. Maximum torque 280 Nm. There are 3 speeds. Powered by an 18 volt battery with a capacity of 4 Ah. Gives out 3.5 thousand beats per minute. At idle it develops 2.8 thousand rpm.

The manufacturer produces extension cords and heads for this model that expand the functionality of the power tool.

FN Browning M.1900 (Browning model 1900, Browning No. 1)

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The pistol's automatic operation operates on the principle of blowback. The shutter-casing consists of the shutter itself and the casing, that is, two separate parts that are connected with two screws. The trigger mechanism is striker type. The barrel is rigidly fixed in the frame. The return spring, located above the barrel, is also a combat spring. When the firing pin is not cocked, the lever connecting the spring to the firing pin is raised and blocks the sight line. The magazine with a capacity of 7 rounds is box-shaped, single-row, detachable, located in the handle and held with a latch at the bottom of the handle. The safety lever is located on the left side of the frame.

Sports sideflint Falkor SGDG.

Despite the fact that the barrels rotate in the gun box not on a through axis, but on side axles, the mechanism is also very similar to the mechanisms of the Winchester and Browning guns described above. The main differences are:

— the sears are located below, on the cylinder, and not on the upper shank of the box;

— the selector-safety button does not have spring fixation in the extreme lateral positions. The guide rod of the button has a round cross-section, which greatly simplifies the processing and fitting of the unit;

— when opening the gun or putting it on safety, the trigger pull is pulled back by the safety slide through the slide lever. This also prevents a shot from being fired when the barrel is not completely locked;

— the side working teeth are made in the form of two cast parts, screwed and riveted to the trigger rod.

Rice. 19. USM of bench side flint Falkor SGDG. 1 - lock lever washer, 2 - trigger, 3 - safety slide, 4 - slide lever, 5 - safety button spring, 6 - safety button, 7 - button guide pin, 8 - trigger rod, 9 - trigger hook, 10 - sear, 11 — mainspring rod.

The mechanism of the gun does not allow the second trigger to be released in case of a misfire instead of the first shot. The release of the rod and the sear occurs either by inertial forces or by moving the button back by hand.

Ross Mark III rifle

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Ross system rifles have a longitudinally sliding bolt with a straight handle movement. The barrel is locked by a separate combat cylinder when it is turned. Depending on the modification, the larva could have either two massive combat stops, or stops in the form of intermittent multi-start threads. The rotation of the larva during the longitudinal movement of the shutter was carried out through the interaction of the corresponding spiral grooves and protrusions on the inner surface of the channel in the body of the shutter and on the larva. The cartridges were fed from integral box magazines with a capacity of 5 cartridges, loaded from above with the bolt open. The Ross Mark I and Ross Mark II rifles had Harris system magazines, in which cartridges were placed in a checkerboard pattern in two rows. The magazine was loaded with separate cartridges. To speed up loading, the shooter could first lower the magazine feeder by compressing its spring by pressing a button located on the right side of the fore-end, behind the sight. After this, with the second hand the shooter simply poured five rounds into the magazine box and released the feeder key. On Ross Mark III rifles, the design of the magazine has changed - it has become single-row, protruding from the bottom of the stock, loaded from ordinary plate clips from Lee-Enfield rifles or one cartridge at a time. All military versions of the Ross rifles also had a magazine cut-off, which, when engaged, turned the rifle into a single-shot rifle. The sights on the Mark I and Mark II rifles are open, with a range-adjustable U-notch rear sight located on the barrel; On Mark III rifles, the rear sight is diopter, located in the rear of the receiver. The front sight on all variants has a ring-shaped front sight. The Ross system was considered one of the best direct action shutter systems of the time. Clear advantages: very strong locking of the piston system, easy running, low noise when loading, high survivability and low weight of the rifle.

Chapter III

PURPOSE, CONSTRUCTION OF PARTS AND MECHANISMS OF THE KALASHNIKOV AUTOMATIC (Machine Gun), ACCESSORIES AND CARTRIDGES

Purpose, arrangement of parts and mechanisms of the Kalashnikov assault rifle (machine gun)

11. Barrel

(Fig. 27) serves to direct the flight of the bullet. The inside of the barrel has a channel with four rifling, winding from left to right. The rifling serves to impart rotational motion to the bullet. The spaces between the cuts are called margins. The distance between two opposite fields (in diameter) is called the bore caliber; for an assault rifle (machine gun) it is 5.45 mm. In the breech, the channel is smooth and shaped like a cartridge case; this part of the channel serves to accommodate the cartridge and is called the chamber. The transition from the chamber to the rifled part of the bore is called the bullet entrance.

On the outside, the barrel has a front sight base for a machine gun with a thread (for a machine gun there is a thread on the muzzle) for screwing on a muzzle brake-compensator for a machine gun (for a machine gun - flame arrester) and

Rice. 27. Barrel:

a - external view of the machine gun barrel; b - external view of the machine gun barrel; c - sectional view of the breech; g - trunk section; 1 - threaded part; 2 — bullet entrance; 3 — chamber; 4 — base of the front sight; 5 - gas chamber; 6 - coupling; 7 — sight block; 8 — recess for the barrel pin; 9 - thread; 10 — bipod base; 11 - eye ring

Rice. 28. Muzzle brake-compensator and flash suppressor: a - muzzle brake-compensator; b - flame arrester; 1 - corolla; 2 - windows; 3 - gap; 4 - compensation holes; 5 — recess for the retainer; 6 - bevel; 7 - internal thread

Rice. 29. Front sight base:

a - automatic machine; b - machine gun; 1 — stop with a recess for a cleaning rod; 2 - support for a bayonet-knife with a hole for a cleaning rod; 3 — skid with front sight; 4 — front sight fuse; 5 — clamp; 6 — thread for screwing on the muzzle brake-compensator (flash arrester)

· at the top rear there are grooves: longitudinal - for the heel of the guide rod of the return mechanism and transverse - for the receiver cover; tail with a hole for attaching the butt to the receiver;

· in the side walls there are four holes, three of them for the axes of the trigger mechanism, and the fourth for the translator trunnions; on the right wall there are two fixing recesses for placing the translator on automatic (AB) and single (OD) fire;

· below - a window for the magazine and a window for the trigger.

An assault rifle with a folding stock also has holes for the stock retainer and latch (Fig. 33).

The sight block is placed on the barrel and secured with a pin.

Leaf spring

is placed in the socket of the sight block and holds the aiming bar in its given position.

Sighting bar

has a mane with a slot for aiming and cutouts for holding the clamp in the installed position by means of a latch with a spring. On the sighting bar (on the top of the machine gun, on the top and bottom of the machine gun) there is a scale with divisions from 1 to 10; The scale numbers indicate firing ranges in hundreds of meters.

In addition, the machine gun has the letter “P” on the sighting bar - a permanent sight setting, approximately corresponding to sight 4 (firing range 440 m).

On a machine gun, the sighting bar has a socket for the rear sight and risk; on the wall of the rear sight socket there is a scale with ten divisions; each of which corresponds to two thousandths of the firing range.

Rear sight

the machine gun has a mane with a slot for aiming, a screw with a handwheel, a spring, a washer and a pin.

Clamp

placed on the sighting bar and held in position by a latch. The latch has a tooth, which, under the action of a spring, slides into the cutout of the sighting bar.

Front sight

screwed into the skid, which is fixed to the base of the front sight. On the slide and on the base of the front sight there are marks that determine the position of the front sight.

The machine gun (machine gun) is supplied with a device for firing at night and in conditions of limited visibility

(self-luminous attachments). It consists of a folding rear sight with a wide slot, mounted on the mane of the sighting bar, and a wide front sight, placed on top of the front sight of the weapon. Self-luminous dots are applied to the rear sight and front sight of the device.

The new type of device has self-luminous stripes: two horizontally located on the rear sight and one vertically on the front sight.

The device for shooting at night is installed on the machine gun (machine gun) and is verified when it enters the troops and is not separated from it during operation.

The combat of a weapon when shooting with a device remains basically the same as with an open sight. In the event of a significant deviation in height from the average point of impact, it is necessary to secure the weapon in the sighting machine, aim at the target and select the rear sight so that the aiming line with the open sight and the device coincide.

When shooting during the day, the rear sight and front sight of the device fold down. In this position, they do not interfere with the use of the sighting device of the machine gun.

When shooting at night and in conditions of limited visibility, the rear sight of the device is rotated upward until it comes into contact with the mane of the sighting bar, and the front sight of the device is moved up along the spring and put on the front sight.

15. Butt and pistol grip

serve for the convenience of operating a machine gun (machine gun) when shooting.

The permanent stock of the AK74, AK74N assault rifles (Fig. 33) and RPK74, RPK74N machine guns (Fig. 34) has a sling swivel for a belt, a socket for an accessory case and a butt plate with a cover over the socket. In the butt socket there is a spring for pushing out the pencil case. The permanent stock of an assault rifle can be wooden or plastic (for a machine gun it is wooden).

The folding stock of the AKS74 and AKS74N assault rifles consists of upper and lower rods, a butt plate, a clip and a tip, connected into one unit by welding. There is a sling swivel on the clip on the right side of the butt. In the folded position, the butt is held by a latch, and in the folded position - by a latch.

To fold the butt, you need to recess the latch (in this case, the latch will disengage with the tip of the butt) and turn the butt to the left around the axis until the butt is secured with a latch located on the left wall of the receiver.

To fold the butt, you need to move the latch back and turn the butt to the right until it is secured with a latch.

The folding butt of the RPKS74 and RPKS74N machine guns, in addition to that specified for the permanent butt of the machine gun, has a protrusion for the right latch of the butt, which holds the butt in the folded position, ears for attaching the butt to the receiver, and in the case of the RPKS74N, a recess where the bar for attaching a night sight when folding the butt is included.

To fold the butt, you need to push the right latch of the butt with a drift or a cartridge bullet through the hole in the right wall of the receiver (Fig. 35) and turn the butt to the left until it is secured with the left latch in the folded position.

To fold the butt, you need to press the rear part of the latch with a notch to the left with your finger and turn the butt to the right until it is secured with the right latch.

16.
The bipod of the machine gun
(Fig. 36) serves as a stop when firing. It has a base, two legs with runners for resting on the ground and protrusions for fixing the legs in the folded position, a spring for spreading the legs, a spring fastener on the left leg for fastening the legs in the folded position. The bipod is not separated from the machine gun.

17.
The bolt frame with a gas piston
(Fig. 37) serves to activate the bolt and trigger mechanism.

Drummer

has a striker and a ledge for a hairpin.

Ejector

with a spring serves to remove the cartridge case from the chamber and hold it until it meets the reflective protrusion of the receiver. The ejector has a hook for gripping the cartridge case, a socket for the spring and a cutout for the axle.

Hairpin

serves to secure the firing pin and the ejector axis.

The trigger mechanism is placed in the receiver, where it is attached by three interchangeable axes, and consists of a trigger with

mainspring, hammer retarder with spring, trigger, single fire sear with spring, self-timer with spring, translator and tubular axis.

Trigger

with a mainspring used to strike the firing pin. The trigger has a combat cock, a self-timer cock, trunnions and a hole for the axle. The mainspring is put on the trigger pins and acts with its loop on the trigger, and with its ends on the rectangular protrusions of the trigger,

Trigger retarder[2]

serves to slow down the forward movement of the trigger in order to improve the accuracy of the battle when conducting automatic fire from stable positions. It has front and rear lugs, an axle hole, a spring and a latch.

Trigger

serves to keep the hammer cocked and to release the hammer. It has a shaped protrusion, an axle hole, rectangular protrusions and a tail. With its figured protrusion, it holds the trigger cocked.

Single fire sear

serves to hold the trigger in the rearmost position after firing, if the trigger was not released when firing a single fire. It is on the same axis with the trigger. The single-fire sear has a spring, a hole for the axis and a cutout into which the translator sector enters when conducting automatic fire and locks the sear. In addition, the cutout limits the forward rotation of the sector when the translator is put on safety.

Self-timer

serves to automatically release the trigger from cocking the self-timer when firing in bursts, as well as to prevent the trigger from being released when the barrel is open and the bolt is unlocked. It has a sear for holding the trigger while cocking the self-timer, a lever for turning the self-timer with the protrusion of the bolt frame when it approaches the forward position, and a spring.

The spring is located on the same axis as the self-timer. Its short end is connected to the self-timer, and its long end runs along the left wall of the receiver and fits into the annular grooves on the axes of the self-timer, hammer and trigger, keeping the axes from falling out.

23. Shop

(Fig. 43) is used to place cartridges and feed them into the receiver. It consists of a plastic body, a cover, a locking bar, a spring and a feeder.

The magazine body connects all parts of the magazine; its side walls have bends on top (at the neck) to keep the cartridges from falling out and protrusions that limit the rise of the feeder; there is a hook on the front wall, and a support protrusion on the back wall, through which the magazine is attached to the receiver. On the rear wall of the case at the bottom there is a control hole to determine whether the magazine is fully loaded with cartridges.

The bottom of the case is closed with a lid. The cover has a hole for the protrusion of the locking bar.

Inside the housing there is a feeder and a spring with a locking bar. The feeder is held on the upper end of the spring by an internal bend on the right wall of the feeder; the feeder has a protrusion that provides a staggered arrangement of cartridges in the magazine. The locking bar is permanently fixed to the lower end of the spring and with its protrusion keeps the magazine cover from moving.

Ramrod

used for cleaning and lubricating the barrel bore, as well as channels and cavities of machine gun parts. It has a head with a hole for a punch and a thread for screwing on a wiper or brush.

Rubbing

used for cleaning and lubricating the barrel bore, channels and cavities of other parts of the machine gun. It has an internal thread for screwing onto a cleaning rod and a slot for rags or tow.

Ershik

used for cleaning the barrel bore with RFS solution.

Screwdriver and drift

used when disassembling and assembling an assault rifle (machine gun). The cutout at the end of the screwdriver is for screwing in and unscrewing the front sight, and the side cutout is for securing the wiper to the cleaning rod. For ease of use, the screwdriver is inserted into the side holes of the pencil case. When cleaning the barrel bore, a screwdriver is placed in the pencil case on top of the ramrod head.

Pencil case

serves for storing cleaning cloths, brushes, screwdrivers and drifts. It closes with a lid.

The pencil case is used as a handle for a screwdriver when screwing in and unscrewing the front sight and for turning the gas tube closure, as well as a handle for a cleaning rod.

The pencil case has through holes into which a ramrod is inserted when cleaning the machine gun, oval holes for a screwdriver and a rectangular hole for turning the gas tube lock when disassembling and assembling the machine gun.

Single neck oiler

serves to store lubricant; it is carried in the pocket of a shopping bag.

Clip

serves for carrying cartridges and quickly loading the magazine with cartridges. The clip holds 15 rounds. It has two longitudinal grooves and a leaf spring that keeps the cartridges from falling out. In addition, the leaf spring ensures a strong connection between the cage and the adapter.

Adapter

serves to connect the clip to the magazine when equipping it with cartridges. It has: at the bottom (widened part) two bends that fit into the corresponding grooves on the neck of the magazine; on top there are two longitudinal grooves for the holder, a hole for the holder spring and a stop that limits the advancement of the holder when inserting it into the adapter.

5.45mm live Kalashnikov cartridges

26.

A live cartridge (Fig. 47) consists of a bullet, a cartridge case, a powder charge and a primer.

27.
5.45 mm cartridges
are available with regular and tracer bullets. The head of the tracer bullet is painted green. To simulate shooting, blank (without a bullet) cartridges are used, which are fired using a special sleeve.

An ordinary
bullet
(Fig. 48, a) is designed to destroy enemy personnel located openly and behind barriers pierced by the bullet.

An ordinary bullet consists of a steel shell coated with tombac and a steel core. There is a lead jacket between the shell and the core.

Tracer bullet

(Fig. 48.6) is also designed to defeat enemy personnel. In addition, when a bullet flies in the air, its burning tracer composition leaves a luminous trace at firing ranges of up to 800 m, which allows for fire adjustment and target designation.

In the tracer bullet shell, a core is placed in the head part, and a block of pressed tracer composition is placed in the bottom part. During the shot, the flame from the powder charge ignites the tracer compound, which gives a luminous trail as the bullet flies.

28.
The sleeve
serves to connect all parts of the cartridge, protect the powder charge from external influences and eliminate the breakthrough of powder gases towards the bolt. It has a body for placing a powder charge, a barrel for securing a bullet and a bottom. On the outside, at the bottom of the sleeve, there is an annular groove for hooking the ejector. The bottom of the case has a primer socket, an anvil and two priming holes.

29. Powder charge

serves to impart forward motion to the bullet; it consists of spherical grained gunpowder.

30.
The capsule
serves to ignite the powder charge. It consists of a brass cap, a shock compound pressed into it, and a foil circle covering the impact compound.

31.

Capping of 5.45 mm cartridges is carried out in wooden boxes. Two hermetically sealed metal boxes of 1080 rounds each are placed in the box; cartridges in boxes are packed in cardboard packs of 30 pieces. In total, the box holds 2160 rounds.

There is a green stripe on the side walls of the boxes in which cartridges with tracer bullets are sealed. Each box contains a knife for opening the box.

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