The Likhachev plant was founded in 1916. At that time, these were ordinary repair shops where Fiat trucks were assembled. After the revolution, the plant continued to repair foreign trucks, but already in 1924 the first Soviet AMO truck appeared. As a result of production improvements after the Second World War, the plant was able to launch production of the legendary ZIL-130 truck, which, after reconstruction in 1986, received the index ZIL-431410.
Scope of application
The ZIL 431410 tractor-truck, which has a 4*2 wheel arrangement, was initially developed as a universal civil and military transport. It was equipped with various types of cargo compartments, including:
- KUNGES;
- compartments for transporting personnel;
- dump bodies for cargo of any type;
- tanks for water or other liquids and liquefied gases;
- equipment for public works, which turned the ZIL into a prototype of a combined road vehicle.
The military ZIL-431410, distinguished by a cabin painted in a “protective” khaki color, was equipped with some types of weapons. On its basis, vehicles with special technical characteristics were manufactured for special purposes for military needs, for example, airfield service vehicles.
Military ZIL-431410
The ZIL-431410 car was produced in various types of climatic modifications - for subtropics and temperate climates and for the Far North.
Technical specifications
Main technical characteristics of ZIL-431410:
Overall dimensions ZIL-431410
- length between the centers of the front and rear wheels - 3800 mm;
- total length - 6675 mm;
- maximum width (equal to the width of the body) - 2500 mm;
- height - 2400 mm;
- load capacity - 6 tons;
- total weight - 10.4 tons;
- maximum speed - 90 km/h;
- maximum elevation angle - 31 degrees;
- the minimum turning area is 8.9 m.
Chassis
The ZIL-431410 is equipped with disc wheels, which are secured with 8 studs. Mostly 260R508 tires are used. The design of the machine allows the use of VI-244 tires.
To ensure that a safe distance is maintained when driving, three independent brake systems are installed, including a spare one, designed to stop the vehicle if the main one fails.
The front suspension is mounted on two semi-elliptical metal springs. To soften shocks caused by uneven road surfaces, oil shock absorbers are installed.
The rear suspension is designed slightly differently. It is installed on several types of springs. ZIL-431410 is equipped with main springs and additional ones. All this is necessary to increase the load capacity, as well as reduce the pressure from the load on the chassis when driving on uneven roads.
Engine characteristics
The technical characteristics of the ZIL-431410 engine are as follows:
Diagram of the ZIL-508.10 engine cooling system
- engine type - gasoline carburetor (later versions - with electronic injection system);
- number of cylinders — 8;
- arrangement - V-shaped, classic for Soviet mechanical engineering, mutual angle - 90 degrees;
- number of valves — 16;
- cooling - liquid;
- working volume - 6 l;
- maximum power - 150 hp. With.;
- speed at which the power limit develops is 3200 rpm;
- maximum torque - 401.8 Nm, achieved at a crankshaft speed of 2000 rpm;
- The gasoline used is unleaded, with an octane number of 76.
The engine is equipped with an economizer. Later versions of the engine, produced since the late 80s, received an improved VM-21 air filter with paper and ceramic filter elements.
Air filter VM-21 - device
The main method of lubrication is by splashing and pressure.
ZILs with diesel engines were produced on a limited scale (as working prototypes), but they were not put into mass production.
The ZIL-431410 tractor-trailer has a gas tank with a capacity of 170 liters. In this case, fuel consumption is 32 l/100 km at a speed of 80 km/h, 26 l/100 km at a speed of 60 km/h. This speed is “cruising”.
Modifications with built-in gas equipment were produced.
The history of the appearance of the ZIL-431410 car
The first production ZIL-130 cars rolled off the assembly line in 1964. At the same time, the development and testing of trucks of this class has been carried out since 1956, when the first prototype of the vehicle appeared. After a short fine-tuning, the truck was presented at an exhibition that took place in 1959.
Two years later, the design specifications for the truck were finally approved, and in 1962 the first limited batch of five trucks was ready. Since the car was planned to be used in all corners of the Soviet Union, this batch was sent for a long run to the northern regions of the country.
The task that faced the designers of the ZIL-130 was quite difficult - it was necessary to create a new truck that would be no worse than American cars of those years of production. ZIL-164, which was produced until 1964, was initially an imperfect model, especially in terms of design. Taking Ford trucks as a basis, design engineers created a modern car that meets the standards of those years.
Despite the completely new design, the ZIL-130 received its engine from its predecessor. It was extremely easy to repair, but was not very economical. The basic equipment of the new truck was quite rich:
- Five-speed gearbox;
- Power steering;
- The cabin is made of metal, painted in a characteristic blue and white color, which for many has become a symbol of a truck made in the USSR.
Since there was a lot of gasoline in the Soviet Union, no one was worried about the car’s high fuel consumption. However, after 10 years, the Likhachev plant decided to develop a diesel version of the car, but this attempt was unsuccessful. ZIL-130 was produced until 1986. During this time, about 3,500,000 vehicles were produced, which were used in all sectors of the national economy of the USSR.
In addition, many special modifications were made to the truck chassis. Over the years of production, the ZIL-130 has undergone several significant modifications, after which its technical characteristics have improved significantly. In 1986, the car was renamed ZIL-431410, but its story did not end there.
Transmission parameters
Transmission specifications:
- The gearbox that the ZIL-431410 is equipped with is mechanical, with the standard 5 steps forward and 1 reverse. All stages, except the first, are equipped with synchronizers.
- The clutch is single-disc, friction, with a mechanical release drive. Drive axle - rear, 2 cardan shafts.
- The design of the main gear differs in different modifications - it is either single, hypoid, or double, with a spur and helical pair.
Modifications of ZIL-431410 with kung
Currently, military modifications of the ZIL-431410, equipped with a kung, are in small but steady demand. They are bought by hunters, fishermen, and various public utilities, who use them as trucks to transport their workers. Despite the fact that the kung looks very massive, its weight does not exceed 1,000 kg.
The frame of the kung is covered with high-strength metal sheets, and polystyrene foam is used as insulation. It is for this reason that kungs are in steady demand as a mobile change house. The presence of a standard stove allows you to maintain a comfortable temperature even in the winter months. Ventilation and lighting systems also create additional convenience for passengers.
The only problem with a car with a kung can be high fuel consumption, since the “windage” of the superstructure is very high. Fuel consumption can be about 40 liters, but some owners solve this problem by installing a diesel engine. As a rule, this is a Minsk diesel engine D-245 or YaMZ. When installing a diesel engine, the gearbox remains original, but it is often necessary to install various types of adapters from the engine to the gearbox.
Brake system
ZIL-431410 trucks were produced in two versions: with a single-circuit and, since 1986, with a multi-circuit braking system. There was no difference in the indexing of cars. One modification can be distinguished from another by the instrument panel in the driver's cabin - in the version with multi-circuit brakes it is improved (a number of additional sensors and alarms have been installed). The technical characteristics of the multi-loop circuit are generally similar to the simpler version.
The main brakes are drum brakes, the parking brake is pneumatically driven. Both types of brake systems include spring energy accumulators and an alcohol-based anti-condensation fuse. The rear brake caliper is reinforced.
Manual
The operating instructions establish the following maintenance intervals:
- every 4000 km, carry out work in accordance with the TO-1 regulations;
- every 16,000 km, perform a set of TO-2 works.
A deviation during maintenance of 500-1000 km is allowed. It is also planned to carry out seasonal maintenance (autumn and spring), which consists of replacing process fluids. Before preparing for winter operation, you should drain the sediment from the fuel tanks and disconnect the oil cooler from the engine lubrication circuit. If the cooling system is filled with water, then it is replaced with a liquid like Tosol 40 or 65, which has a service life of 2 years.
Frequency of maintenance of mounted units (with overhaul and replacement of worn parts):
- fluid supply pump to the hydraulic booster - 90 thousand km;
- starter and compressor of the pneumatic system - 100 thousand km;
- generator - 150 thousand km.
When operating a truck in difficult conditions at temperatures below -30°C, you should adhere to the following rules:
- use motor and transmission oil suitable for use in the Far North;
- fill the cooling system with antifreeze liquid;
- Before starting to drive, warm up the engine and components from external heat sources;
- until the transmission is completely warmed up, move at a speed of 5-8 km/h;
- when accelerating, avoid jerks and sudden gear changes;
- cover the radiator and battery box with a heat-insulating cover;
- when parked overnight, take the battery into a warm room;
- use wheel chocks to keep the truck parked;
- After a trip, drain the condensate from the brake system receivers.
Electrical system
Starter CT130A3 for ZIL-431410 car
The ZIL-431410 electrical system includes a starter, generator and battery as standard. The operating voltage of the battery is 12, not 24 V, as on other trucks.
The frontal lighting system consists of two running headlights (each with 2 filaments, for high and low beam), two turn signals and two sidelights that expand the cone of illumination.
The electrical system has undergone more changes over time than other subsystems on this truck. New electronic components appeared, for example, an injection control system, an electronic economizer control subsystem, an electronic maximum speed limiter, etc.
Cabin structure
The ZIL-431410 cabin is all-metal, three-seater. All design characteristics coincide with the cabin from the ZIL-130.
The driver's seat is adjustable in three positions. Double seats for passengers are non-adjustable.
Salon ZIL-431410
The standard equipment includes a heater, windshield washer and windshield wiper with two frame-type wipers. The steering wheel has a hydraulic booster.
The driver's seating position is high. The seat has a high (for a truck) level of comfort.
There is no plastic or materials other than metal in the cabin trim. The devices are analogue, “pointer” type. The windows of most instruments, except for the speedometer, are small.
There are no airbags. A horizontal metal handle for passengers is mounted on the right side of the cabin. Between the handle and the steering wheel there is a “glove box”.
Early modifications of this truck had a technical ventilation hatch on the roof. It was later considered ineffective and removed, but the stamping on the roof remained.
Video on the topic: Auto-drive ZIL-130
Publications on the topic
General description and technical characteristics of ZIL 130
Instructions for self-adjustment of ZIL 130 valves
Technical and quality characteristics of the ZIL-5301 car
Analogues of this truck
There are a large number of offers for cargo transport on the secondary market. If a carrier needs to purchase a multifunctional truck at a reasonable price, then he can choose several models at once. The ZIL 130 and GAZ 53A models are considered similar to the 431410 configuration. In the photo you can see the similarities between these modifications. They have approximately the same dimensions, but are designed for different load capacities and are characterized by unique features.
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