Vickers Main Battle Tank Mark 4 - Wikipedia

1930 British British tank WW2.

Zhenil syyimdylyk turi

The Vickers 6-ton tanker

nemese
Vickers Mark E.
Britandyk Bolgan Zhenil Bak Zheke Zhoba Retinde Zhasalgan Vickers. Ony satyp algan zhok British armies, bіrak ony kөptegen sheteldіk karuly kushter aldy. Was licensed by Kenester Retinde T-26. There were polyaktardyn ticles of the previous 7TP tank bolt.

Tarikh

Birnshi Mark E 1928 zhyly aygili tank designer kiretin designer top salgan John Valentine Cardin and Vivian Loyd. Housing munaralardyn aldyngy zhane kop bolіgіnde kalyңdygy 1 inch (25.4 mm) bolattan zhasalgan bolat tabaktardan zhasalgan zhane shamamen 3⁄4 Casing artgy zhagynda inch (19 mm). Kuatty an Armstrong Sidley Puma kozgaltkyshy 80–95 at kushі (60–71 kW) (nushka baylanysty), bul ogan 22 miles/sag (35 km/sag) zhyldamdyk berdі.

Aspada arkaysysy ekі dongаlаkty alyp zhuretіn ekі bіlіk qoldanylgan gods bugan ekіnshі ekіnshі zhyyntyk baylanysty bolda zhapyrak bulagy. Bogiyalardyn ekeyinin de zhogary karai kozganuy ekіnshіsіsіn serіppemen tomendetuge mәzhbur tedi. Bul ote zhaksy zhuye dep esepteldi zhane cross-standards ononimdіlіkke karaganda zaksy usynyldy[ dәyeksoz kazhet

] take care of the situation.
Zhogary berikti bolat zholdar 3000 milden (4800 km) uzak omіr surdi, búl dәuіrdіn koptegen zhobalaryna karaganda edәuіr zhaksy boldy
.

Reservoir ekі nұskada salyngan:

• Vickers 6 ton tank A type Ankara, Turkiya A type
  arkaysysy ornatylatyn eki munarasy bar and Vickers machine gun.
• In this case,
  the machine gun is equipped with a 47 mm OQF 3-pdr soap.

In the type of contact with the bolts: eki adamnan turatyn munaranyn kez-kelgen karudyn atys zhyldamdygy kurt asip, ekeuin de bir uakytta atuga mukkindik beretina ana ktaldy. Olar dep atagan bul design duplexti installationdau

, Mark E-nen kein zhasalgan barlyk tankterde ken taralgan.

The British armies E markasyn bags, take a suspension of senіmdіlіgі turals suraktarga baylanysty ony kabyldamady

] Sodan key Vickers barlyk satyp alushylarga designdy zharnamalai bastady, al kop uzamay tapsyrystardyn akyryna deyin kosyldy KSRO, Greece, Poland, Bolivia, Siam, Finland, Portugal, Kytay zhane Bulgaria. Thailand 36 satyp alyndy Vickers orta idaһary Mark IV, zhәne QF 2 negіzdі tenѣіz қаруы олARDы өздігінень зүрін мілтикка аналдиру үшін қзілди French-Thai Sogysy. Vickers barlygy 153 (en kop taralgan figure) Mark Es.

Polyak machinelaryndagy tәzhiribe kөrsetkendey, auаmen salқyndatylatyn Puma қozғалтқышынѣ үстінень ауа ағыны шар bolғandyқtan, қозғалтқыш қызп кетуге бімім. Bul korpustyn ekі zhagyna ulken aua saṇylaularyn kosu arkyly sheshildі. The new design of the Rolls-Royce Phantom II is now complete. Bul kozgaltkysh artky zhakka symaytyn edі, ony mұara оnga zhаne arqka zhylzhytuda talap etetіn reservoir dіn sol zagyna ornatyluy kerek edі. Natizhesinin bir mysaly Mark F

Belgium sonaldy, birak kabyldanbady. Degenmen, satylimda eski kozgaltkyshy bar zhana korpus koldanyldy Finland zhane Siam.

Mark E zhuk kolіgі retinde de damydy zhane ony british armies az mölsherde satyp aldy artilleryyk tractor olardyn ulkenderin tasymaldau ushin BL 60 negіzdi (127 mm, 5 inch) dalalyk myltyktar. He ekіsіne army buyryk berdi Aydahar, ortasha belgi IV

, al Kytay 23 zhane Yndistan 18.

Poland 50 satyp aldy, sonomen katar ony zhergіlіktі ondіrіske licenses, take 12-nі kosalky bolshekterdy paydalanyp, current 50-den 38-ін zhinady. Polyaktar oz kolikterin ulkenirek aua qabyldagyshtarymen ozgertti machine gun, and 360 degree Gundlach periscopes, [1] in 5 weeks odda kop, ekі zhakta radio kabyldagyshtarmen birge Wickersten t The main design of the kemshіlіkterdi sheshetin oz baktaryn zhasaudy sheshkenge deyin. Natizhesinde 7TPsalmagy 10 tons of zhuyk bolds. Polyaktar, zhogaryda atalgan teleskoptan baska, sұyyқtyқpen salқyndatylғan qosti Dieseldi қozғaltқysh sonymen qatar sauyttan žaksy қorganys, қықсы злдиту, екі зъкти radio қabyldagғysh tar, 37 mm (1.46 inch) pole nuskasy Boforlar tankke karsy myltyk zhane ulken crew bolimі. 38 tanks 22 tanks turlendirylgen tanks 47 mm (1.85 inch) non-light soap foam (standard type) sқaga auystyryldy. In 1939, the tanker was in the process of locating the bolts, the Oytkeni olar was missing from the bottom of the bolts. Alajda olar zhaksy zhane zhaksy oner corsetti Renault R35baskalary arasynda pole boligi 10. Cavalry brigade kezinde Poland basyp kiru 1939 zh.

Find a bag of models with a 47 mm soap pad Polyak Vickers E 1938

Kenester de designa riza bolyp, ony ondiriske licenses. Alayda, olardyn zhagdayynda zhergіlіktі ondіrіs bastaldy T-26, sayyp kelgende, 12000-nan astama әr turli nusqada salyngan.[ dәyeksoz kazhet

] Kenestik erte munaraly T-26-larda 7.62 mm (0.3 inch) bolgan DT machine gun ard munarada nemese bіr machine gun munarasy men bіr 37 mm myltyk munarasyn kospasy. 45 mm (1.77 inch) foam foam DT machine gun ornatkan. T-26-now sony nusqalarynda dәnekerlengen design zhane akyr sonynda body pen munaradagy kolbeu armor bolts. T-26 osinday ken koldanysta bolgandyktan zhane senіmdі platform bolғandyktan, chassida arturli engineer kolik kuraldary, son іšinde ot zhagushylar men kopirler boldy. T-26 chassis radiomen baskarylatyn buzu uzhin zhan salynda tank.

Spaindagi Azamat sogysy kezinde Kenes Odagi Republicalyk army T-26 zhiberdi. Italiandyktar Respublikalyk T-26 uzhagynan zardap shekkenn kein Guadalajara shaikasy (1937), olar ushіn ulgі bolgan tankerdin kaybіrіn basyp aldy M11 / 39 zhane M13 / 40 ortasha syyimdyly ktar.

1939 zhyly, kenes-fin kezeninde kyski sogys, fin brondy kushteri chamamen otzyz eki eskirgen bolatyn Renault FT tanker, cabireuleri Vickers-Carden-Lloyd M.K. IV zhane modeler 33olar machine gunner zhabdyktalgan, zhene 6 tons 26 Vickers Armstrongs tanks. Songysy kayta zhabdyktalgan 37 mm Bofors AT-soapware sogys bastalgannan kayin. Wasps tankerdің tek 13-і ғana shaykastarga katysu ushіn maydanga uaqytynda zhete aldy.[2]

At Honkanemi shaykasy 1940 zhyly 26 akpanda finder ozderinin Vickers tankerin kysky sogys kezinde kenes karsy algashky zhane zhalgyz ret koldandy. Natizheleri apatty boldy. Kolda bar he ush findik Vickers tankerin ishishen tek altauy gan sogys zhagdayynda boldy zhane kenestik shepterdegi algashky shabuylga katysa aldy - zhagdaida nasharlatu ushin The tanker is dug in and out of the way. Kalgan besevі bіrnesh zhuz meterge karaj zhurdi, bіrak Khonkaniemi auylynda ondagan kenestik tankerge tap bolds. Findik tanker ush kenestik tankti knockout tүsіrdі, take the kop uzamay ozderі knockout jetti.[3] Odan keying qaktygystarda finder tagy ekі Vikker tankіsіnen ayyryldy.[4]

1941 zhely finder Ozderin 45-tondyk Vickerler tankerin kenestik 45 mm zenbirekpen kite karulandyryp, olards kite atady T-26E

. Bul tankerdi Finland armies kezinde koldangan Sogys zhalgasy. 19 kalpyna keltirilgen Vickers tanker, 75 T-26 birge Finland Bul tankerdin kabyreuleri 1959 zhylga deyin oku tankileri retinde saktaldy, sodan keyin olar zhoyylyp, ornyna zhana britandyk zhane kenestik tanker keldi.[6]

Links[edit]

1. @Tom_Antonov (April 18, 2015). "Kenya Army and AMISOM capture #Somalia's Qudai Port from #AlShabaab militants" (Tweet) - via Twitter.[ need better source
   ]
2. Ogorkiewicz, R. M. (1973). Vickers battle tank
   , specialized publications, August 1973
3. ^ abcd Gelbart, Marsh (1996). Main combat and light tanks
   . Brassey's UK Ltd. p. 108. ISBN 1-85753-168-X.
4. ^ abc Foss, Christopher F.; MacKenzie, Peter (1988). Vickers Tanks: From Landship to Challenger
   . PATRICK STEVENS LIMITED. p. 256. ISBN 9781852601416.
5. Lüdecke, Alexander (2018). International Tank Developments since 1970
   . Military pen and sword. p. 128. ISBN 978-1473891418.
6. Ogorkiewicz, R. M. (September 1973). AFV weapon profile
   . Duncan Crowe. paragraph 21.
7. International Defense Equipment Catalog 1988–1989 Volume II
8. ^ abcde Jane's Armor and Artillery 2003–2004
9. Tanks of the World (1990) ISBN 3-7637-5871-2
10. Jane's Armor and Artillery 1993–1994
11. "Former Iraqi Army Equipment". Archive.org
    .
    p. [ page required
    ]. Retrieved July 17, 2022.

Operatorlar

• Bolivia - A type of municipality cisterns in the country. Bolivialyk Vickers Tankers Zhauyngerlik kyzmetti birinshi bolyp, sonomen Qatar Amerikada Urys korgen algashky tankterdi koldandy - 1933 Chako sogysy karsy Paraguay. Paraguay askerleri olardyn barlygyn zhoydy nemese basyp aldy. Karanyz Chako sogysynda tanktik sogys.
• Bulgaria Koroldigi - 3rd armored rotada koldanylatyn 8 bir munaraly Mk.E type B tankerin satyp aldy.[7]

Vickers Mark E type

• Kytay Republics — V turіndega 20 bіr munaraly cisternal koldanyldy, olar V tipti, olar zhapondyktarga karsy kureste koldanyldy Shanghai 1937 zhyly.[8]
• Finland - 1938 zhyldan bastap 33 koldanyldy tank (bagalau tank koskanda). Olardy optics men radiosyz, karusyz satyp aldy. Cabin reulers 37 mm Puteaux soaps karulanyp, keyrek zhabdyktalgan 37 mm Bofors tank karsy soap olardins non-glue soap retinde coaxials MG zhene “SMG tank” taktayshasynda. Olar koldanylgan kysky sogys birge KSRO. Wasps sogystan key finder Mark E tankerin 45 mm-deg kenestik soap holder DT MG soap racks. T-26. Finder kite salyngan Vickers tankerin logicalyk turgydan keles dep atada: T-26E
  . Olar 1941–44 LJ. Yrys kezinde koldanylyp, 1959 zhylga deyin tank retinde kizmet etti.
• Fascist Germany - Poland basyp alyndy, keibіreuleri өzdiginen zhuretіn myltykka ainaldy.
• Greece Koroldigi - 1931 zhyly alyngan 1 tipti A zhane 1 tipti tester. 2-men bіrge Carden-Loyd tankіleri algashky armor kurdy battalion turals Greek armies, bіrak kobіnese zhattygu ushіn paydalanildy.
• Italy Kings - Italyandyktar, Respublikalyk T-26-dan shygynga ushyragannan keyin Guadalajara shaikasy, olar ushіn ulgі bolgan cabir tankerdi basyp aldy M11 / 39 zhen M13 / 40 zhen il / ortasha syyimdylyktar.
• Japoniya empire - The Japon empireson army 1930 zhyly zertteu ushin 1 tipti tank akieldi. Japondyk Emperorlyk Army design bagalap, damytty 95 Ha-Go terіңіz.
• Paraguay - Boliviadan alyngan, keyinirek eskertkish retinde paidalanylgan bir eki munaraly Vickers Mk.E tanks, 1994 zhily Boliviana oraldy.
• Ekinshi Poland Republics - 1932 zhildan take 38 tanks of the cold: 22 types In the same 16 types A tanks. Pole tankerinde crew boliginin artynda ulken aua kiretin zherler boldy. Poland yes license satyp alyp, ozіnіn zhetildirilgen modelin zhasada 7TP. Vickers Mk.E (Vickers E) tanks and tanks in Poland.

Pole Vickers E.

• Portugal - son of Targa Arnalgan 2 tank
• kenes Odagy - Vickers Mk.E tankerin algashky satyp alushysy. 1931 zhyly A type Mk.E 15 kos munarali cisternalaryn zhane licensesyn satyp aldy. Kenester keinnen zhetildirilgen cisternalar jasap, damyta bastady T-26 (shamamen 12,000 zhasalgan).
• Spain Republics - Paraguaydan satyp alyngan Bolivian ex-bir munaraly Vickers Mk.E tipti tanks zhane birkatar Kenes Odagy Ondirisi T-26.
• Thailand (Buryngy Siam) - In type 30 Vickers Mk.E turin koldanda, olar yrys kezinde kordi French-thai sogysy zhyly Frenchman undіktyty.
• Vickers 6 tonnage tank Parola tank Murazhayi, Finland. 45 mm 20-K resailik zenbirekpen karulangan. tүyetauyk — 1940 zhyldan bastap A type 16 tanks koldandy.[9]
• Birikken Koroldigi - pressed 4 tanks paidalanda.

Design and development [edit]

The Vickers MBT followed the development of a 24-ton, 20-pounder tank intended for export. [2] It would be as well equipped as the Centurion, but significantly cheaper and, with eight Vickers Vigilant anti-tank missiles, would be just as effective. However, with the advent of the 105mm L7 in British, American and German tank designs, this light tank would be less powerful but too large for use as a reconnaissance tank, so a new design was required. With twice the armor of a light tank, it would still be 12 tons lighter than the Centurion and therefore more mobile. The design used a new engine and transmission from the then-developed Chieftain tank. The development coincided with an agreement with India in 1961 to design the tank and help establish a factory there to produce it.

The Vickers MBT Mk 1 was designed to be a simple, inexpensive but effective tank. [3] The first prototype was completed in 1963. [3] In 1964, one of the prototypes was sent to India.

The Vickers was made from welded, rolled homogeneous armor plates. It weighed 38,600 kg, had a 105 mm gun with 44 rounds and had a top speed of 48 km/h. [3] 70 tanks were sold to Kuwait and many of the modified versions were produced in India, where the tanks were called Vijayanta. [3]

Eskertuler

1. 7TP vol. II, Janusz Magnuski, Militaria 317, Warsaw 2009
2. Kantakoski, b. 257
3. Kantakoski, b. 267
4. Muikku, b. 18
5. Muikku, Suomalaiset Panssarivaunut 1918–1997 LJ
   , b. 191
6. Muikku, b. 191
7. Boisdron, Mathieu (Zheltoksan 2010). "Le Blindorama: La genèse de la force blindée bulgare 1935 - 1943." Batiller and Blindeer
   (French Tilinde). No. 40. Caraktère. 4-7 bet. ISSN 1765-0828.
8. Takizawa, Akira (1999–2000). “Ekіnshі dүniezhүzіlіk sogystagy qytay ultshyl karuy.” Umytylgan naukan: Netherlands Shygys Indiadagy naukan 1941–1942 LJ
   .
9. Mahe, Yann (akpan 2011). "Le Blindorama: La Turquie, 1935 - 1945." Batiller and Blindeer
   (French Tilinde). No. 41. Caraktère. 4-7 bet. ISSN 1765-0828.

Content

• 1. History
• 2 Design 2.1 Fire control and observation 2.1.1 Gunner
• 2.1.2 Commander
• 2.1.3 Bootloader
• 2.1.4 Driver

Adebietter tizimi

• Kantakoski, Pekka (1998). Punaiset panssarit - Puna-armeijan panssarijoukot 1918–1945 (Kyzyl tanker - Kyzyl Armiyanyn brondy kushteri 1918–1945)
  (Finnish tilinde). Hamenlinna: ​​Ilves-Paino Oy. b. 512. ISBN 951-98057-0-2.
• Muikku, Isa; Djukka Purhonen (1998). Suomalaiset Panssarivaunut 1918–1997 (Findik brondy mashinalar 1918–1997)
  (fin zhane agylshyn tilderinde). Jyväskylä: Apali. b. 208. ISBN 952-5026-09-4.
• Tank Medium, Vickers Armstrongs Mark E, B turi (E1952.28)
  , Murazhayy Tank

Versions [edit]

• Vickers MBT Mk.
  1 : original model.
• Al-Jahra
  : Mk. 1, sold to Kuwait in 1970, it included engine filter modifications for desert use and equipped with AEI transistorized weapon control equipment instead of the GEC valve, one rear wheel on each side was moved rearward to improve wheel loading, trench crossing and reduced footprint ground pressure, they also did not have flotation equipment. [4]
• Vickers MBT Mark 1(i)
  : Improved Mk. 1 with a General Motors Detroit Diesel 12V-71T engine, a heat sleeve for the gun (L7A1 gun renamed L7A2) and improved optics.
• Vijayanta
  : Mk. 1 built in India.

Excerpt describing Vickers Mk E

“Yes... yes... Well, Mikhaila Ivanovich,” he suddenly said, raising his head and pointing to the construction plan, “tell me how you want to redo it... Mikhail Ivanovich approached the plan, and the prince, having talked with him about the plan for the new building, angrily Having looked at Princess Marya and Desalles, he went to his room. Princess Marya saw Desalles' embarrassed and surprised gaze fixed on her father, noticed his silence and was amazed that the father had forgotten his son's letter on the table in the living room; but she was afraid not only to speak and ask Desalles about the reason for his embarrassment and silence, but she was afraid to even think about it. In the evening, Mikhail Ivanovich, sent from the prince, came to Princess Marya for a letter from Prince Andrei, which was forgotten in the living room. Princess Marya submitted the letter. Although it was unpleasant for her, she allowed herself to ask Mikhail Ivanovich what her father was doing. “They’re all busy,” said Mikhail Ivanovich with a respectfully mocking smile that made Princess Marya turn pale. – They are very worried about the new building. “We read a little, and now,” Mikhail Ivanovich said, lowering his voice, “the bureau must have started working on the will.” (Recently, one of the prince’s favorite pastimes was working on the papers that were supposed to remain after his death and which he called a will.) - And Alpatych is sent to Smolensk? - asked Princess Marya. - Why, he’s been waiting for a long time. When Mikhail Ivanovich returned with the letter to the office, the prince, wearing glasses, with a lampshade over his eyes and a candle, was sitting at the open bureau, with papers in his far-off hand, and in a somewhat solemn pose was reading his papers (remarks, as he called them), which were to be delivered to the sovereign after his death. When Mikhail Ivanovich entered, there were tears in his eyes, memories of the time when he wrote what he was now reading. He took the letter from Mikhail Ivanovich’s hands, put it in his pocket, put away the papers and called Alpatych, who had been waiting for a long time. On a piece of paper he wrote down what was needed in Smolensk, and he, walking around the room past Alpatych, who was waiting at the door, began to give orders. - First, postal paper, do you hear, eight hundred, according to the sample; gold-edged... a sample, so that it will certainly be according to it; varnish, sealing wax - according to a note from Mikhail Ivanovich. He walked around the room and looked at the memo. “Then personally give the governor a letter about the recording. Then they needed bolts for the doors of the new building, certainly of the style that the prince himself had invented. Then a binding box had to be ordered for storing the will. Giving orders to Alpatych lasted more than two hours. The prince still did not let him go. He sat down, thought and, closing his eyes, dozed off. Alpatych stirred. - Well, go, go; If you need anything, I will send it. Alpatych left. The prince went back to the bureau, looked into it, touched his papers with his hand, locked it again and sat down at the table to write a letter to the governor. It was already late when he stood up, sealing the letter. He wanted to sleep, but he knew that he would not fall asleep and that his worst thoughts came to him in bed. He called Tikhon and went with him through the rooms to tell him where to make his bed for that night. He walked around, trying on every corner. Everywhere he felt bad, but the worst thing was the familiar sofa in the office. This sofa was scary to him, probably because of the heavy thoughts that he changed his mind while lying on it. Nowhere was good, but the best place of all was the corner in the sofa behind the piano: he had never slept here before. Tikhon brought the bed with the waiter and began to set it up. - Not like that, not like that! - the prince shouted and moved it a quarter away from the corner, and then again closer. “Well, I’ve finally done everything over, now I’ll rest,” the prince thought and allowed Tikhon to undress himself. Frowning in annoyance from the efforts that had to be made to take off his caftan and trousers, the prince undressed, sank heavily onto the bed and seemed to be lost in thought, looking contemptuously at his yellow, withered legs. He didn’t think, but he hesitated in front of the difficulty ahead of him to lift those legs and move on the bed. “Oh, how hard it is! Oh, if only this work would end quickly, quickly, and you would let me go! - he thought. He pursed his lips and made this effort for the twentieth time and lay down. But as soon as he lay down, suddenly the whole bed moved evenly under him back and forth, as if breathing heavily and pushing. This happened to him almost every night. He opened his eyes that had closed. - No peace, damned ones! - he growled with anger at someone. “Yes, yes, there was something else important, I saved something very important for myself in bed at night. Valves? No, that's what he said. No, there was something in the living room. Princess Marya was lying about something. Desalle—that fool—was saying something. There’s something in my pocket, I don’t remember.” - Quiet! What did they talk about at dinner? - About the prince, Mikhail... - Shut up, shut up. “The prince slammed his hand on the table. - Yes! I know, a letter from Prince Andrei. Princess Marya was reading. Desalles said something about Vitebsk. Now I'll read it. He ordered the letter to be taken out of his pocket and a table with lemonade and a whitish candle to be moved to the bed, and, putting on his glasses, he began to read. Here only in the silence of the night, in the faint light from under the green cap, did he read the letter for the first time and for a moment understand its meaning. “The French are in Vitebsk, after four crossings they can be at Smolensk; maybe they’re already there.” - Quiet! - Tikhon jumped up. - No, no, no, no! - he shouted. He hid the letter under the candlestick and closed his eyes. And he imagined the Danube, a bright afternoon, reeds, a Russian camp, and he enters, he, a young general, without one wrinkle on his face, cheerful, cheerful, ruddy, into Potemkin’s painted tent, and a burning feeling of envy for his favorite, just as strong, as then, worries him. And he remembers all the words that were said then at his first Meeting with Potemkin. And he imagines a short, fat woman with yellowness in her fat face - Mother Empress, her smiles, words when she greeted him for the first time, and he remembers her own face on the hearse and that clash with Zubov, which was then with her coffin for the right to approach her hand. “Oh, quickly, quickly return to that time, and so that everything now ends as quickly as possible, as quickly as possible, so that they leave me alone!” Bald Mountains, the estate of Prince Nikolai Andreich Bolkonsky, was located sixty versts from Smolensk, behind it, and three versts from the Moscow road. On the same evening, as the prince gave orders to Alpatych, Desalles, having demanded a meeting with Princess Marya, informed her that since the prince was not entirely healthy and was not taking any measures for his safety, and from Prince Andrei’s letter it was clear that he was staying in Bald Mountains If it is unsafe, he respectfully advises her to write a letter with Alpatych to the head of the province in Smolensk with a request to notify her about the state of affairs and the extent of the danger to which Bald Mountains are exposed. Desalle wrote a letter to the governor for Princess Marya, which she signed, and this letter was given to Alpatych with the order to submit it to the governor and, in case of danger, to return as soon as possible. Having received all the orders, Alpatych, accompanied by his family, in a white feather hat (a princely gift), with a stick, just like the prince, went out to sit in a leather tent, packed with three well-fed Savras. The bell was tied up and the bells were covered with pieces of paper. The prince did not allow anyone to ride in Bald Mountains with a bell. But Alpatych loved bells and bells on a long journey. Alpatych's courtiers, a zemstvo, a clerk, a cook - black, white, two old women, a Cossack boy, coachmen and various servants saw him off. The daughter placed chintz down pillows behind him and under him. The old lady's sister-in-law secretly slipped the bundle. One of the coachmen gave him a hand. - Well, well, women's training! Women, women! - Alpatych said puffingly, patteringly exactly as the prince spoke, and sat down in the tent. Having given the last orders about the work to the zemstvo, and in this way not imitating the prince, Alpatych took off his hat from his bald head and crossed himself three times. - If anything... you will come back, Yakov Alpatych; For Christ’s sake, have pity on us,” his wife shouted to him, hinting at rumors about war and the enemy. “Women, women, women’s gatherings,” Alpatych said to himself and drove off, looking around at the fields, some with yellowed rye, some with thick, still green oats, some still black, which were just beginning to double. Alpatych rode along, admiring the rare spring harvest this year, looking closely at the strips of rye crops on which people were beginning to reap in some places, and made his economic considerations about sowing and harvesting and whether any princely order had been forgotten. Having fed him twice on the way, by the evening of August 4th Alpatych arrived in the city. On the way, Alpatych met and overtook convoys and troops. Approaching Smolensk, he heard distant shots, but these sounds did not strike him. What struck him most was that, approaching Smolensk, he saw a beautiful field of oats, which some soldiers were mowing, apparently for food, and in which they were camping; This circumstance struck Alpatych, but he soon forgot it, thinking about his business. All the interests of Alpatych’s life for more than thirty years were limited by the will of the prince alone, and he never left this circle. Everything that did not concern the execution of the prince’s orders not only did not interest him, but did not exist for Alpatych. Alpatych, having arrived in Smolensk on the evening of August 4th, stopped across the Dnieper, in the Gachensky suburb, at an inn, with the janitor Ferapontov, with whom he had been in the habit of staying for thirty years. Ferapontov, twelve years ago, with the light hand of Alpatych, having bought a grove from the prince, began trading and now had a house, an inn and a flour shop in the province. Ferapontov was a fat, black, red-haired forty-year-old man, with thick lips, a thick bumpy nose, the same bumps over his black, frowning eyebrows and a thick belly. Ferapontov, in a waistcoat and a cotton shirt, stood at a bench overlooking the street. Seeing Alpatych, he approached him.