Which pneumatics without a license are suitable for hunting, examples of rifles

Pneumatic weapons are increasingly being used as hunting weapons. The popularity of pneumatics is due to its undeniable advantages:

• relatively small weight;
• no need to obtain a license;
• low noise level;
• low cost.

But the legislative aspects of hunting should be considered separately, since in theory and practice there are so many disagreements that the topic of hunting with an air rifle without a license is perhaps the most discussed in interested circles. And if you can choose a pneumatic to hunt legally, then what parameters should you pay attention to?

Features of hunting with air guns

First of all, it should be noted that hunting with pneumatics has a number of beneficial advantages that directly arise from the qualities of this type of weapon.

• The shot of a firearm is so loud that it can sometimes be heard for several kilometers, and this can scare away the animal.
• When hunting for small game, it is convenient to carry a pneumatic gun due to its light weight.
• Servicing an air gun involves its partial disassembly and cleaning, but this is done much less frequently than when servicing firearms.
• Despite the impact force, which in some models reaches high values, pneumatics are considered safer.
• Relatively low costs for purchasing the weapon itself, as well as ammunition.

It is traditionally believed that targeted shooting from a pneumatic weapon is possible only at a distance of up to one hundred meters, since the energy of the shot is far from the energy of a real hunting rifle. But some samples of heavy-duty pneumatics are even suitable for hunting large animals.

Finally, the most attractive thing about air rifle hunting is the fact that many types of weapons can be used without a license or permit. However, the very concept of hunting and pneumatic weapons somehow do not get along in the law. It is necessary to further understand the nuances of Russian legislation. Otherwise, confusion can bring a law-abiding citizen under the criminal law.

We encounter the first paradox in terms. First, the law on weapons tells us that hunting with pneumatic guns is prohibited in Russia. Between the lines we read the principle of humanity, because often an animal wounded by a pneumatic bullet is doomed to a painful death.

But already in the classification of pneumatic weapons it is indicated that specimens with muzzle energy up to 7.5 Joules are sports or hunting weapons. In this case, shooting stray animals is considered the responsibility of the hunter. The law does not prohibit hunting crows, small rodents, dogs and foxes during officially announced shooting.

What about bow/crossbow hunting?

More recently, in the middle of last year, amendments were made to the law “On Weapons” regarding hunting using a bow or crossbow. Many people misinterpreted these changes and thought that it was now officially legal to hunt with a bow/crossbow. Let's figure out what amendments were made.

First of all, bows and crossbows officially became weapons. This is stated in the relevant paragraph of the law:

“Throwing small arms are a throwing weapon, which is a mechanical device that converts the deformation energy of elastic elements into the directed movement (throwing) of a projectile to hit a target located at a distance.”

But fortunately for many fans of archery hunting, this does not apply to all products: if your weapon is a bow with a power lower than 27 kgf or a crossbow weaker than 43 kgf, registration is not required. This is stated in the following passage:

“Hunting small arms that do not have mechanisms for fixing elastic elements in a tense state (bow) and the arc force of which is more than 27 kgf, or which have a mechanism for fixing elastic elements in a tense state (crossbow) and the force of the arc (arcs) of which is more than 43 kgf ( hereinafter referred to as hunting throwing small arms).”

This news may bring joy to shooters, as previously powerful bows and crossbows were illegal and did not have the appropriate legal status. Now such weapons are allowed to be purchased, but with certain nuances. How to buy a powerful bow or crossbow

The sale of small arms with a power higher than that mentioned in the previous paragraph is limited. The law states that to purchase such products, a license, like for pneumatics, will not be required, but upon purchase you will have to present a hunting license or appropriate permit.

From this we can conclude that small arms are available for purchase only to those hunters who already have, for example, a gun and a permit to store it. This creates inconvenience for those planning a purchase.

In addition, after purchasing a crossbow or bow, you will need to register it with the Russian Guard within two weeks from the date of purchase. Also, if you are the owner of a crossbow or bow, at least once every five months you will need to provide a special permit, which states that you are allowed to use these types of weapons, as well as a certificate confirming the absence of narcotic substances and their products in your body decay. All certificates are provided to the Federal Service of the National Guard Troops of the Russian Federation.

Airguns and license

At the moment, you can purchase pneumatic weapons without a license if its muzzle energy does not exceed 7.5 J and the caliber is 4.5 mm. But when it comes to specimens with energy up to 3 J, even the law does not consider such devices to be weapons, therefore, with such muzzle energy, calibers of 5.5 mm and 6.35 mm are allowed. No one bothers you to hunt small animals using sporting weapons, so in the segment up to 7.5 J there are no questions.

Hunters with real passion cannot be content with shooting crows, so they dream of buying powerful pneumatics, which by law must be accompanied by mandatory licensing.

However, among the forum visitors there are users who claim that it is possible to legally use powerful guns without any license. Do their words not correspond to reality or are there certain nuances in the legislation that allow you to interpret the text of the articles in your own way?

First of all, pneumatic manufacturers resort to certain tricks. Since the law does not define a ban on technical additions and improvements, when purchasing in a store they can offer a spare, more powerful spring, after replacing which the value of the muzzle energy takes the weapon beyond the limit that allows it to be used without special permission.

The standard approach of the manufacturer is to reduce the power of the gun, while leaving the possibility of modifying it.

• Pistons with holes are often found. Low compression does not allow the bullet to develop high speed. However, replacing the piston already turns such a weapon, often called a “toy”, into a real hunting rifle.
• Another option to reduce the performance of a weapon is to reduce the bypass hole. As a result, the amount of gases penetrating into the piston is reduced. All the owner needs to do is drill a hole and assemble the rifle or carbine.

It is necessary to make a small digression. Such actions can, if desired, be regarded as criminal. Statistics show that this method of taking possession of powerful pneumatics without permission is quite real, but each owner must make his own decision about compliance with the law. The manufacturer will not be held liable if changes in the design are detected, since a copy was sold that corresponded to the passport specifications.

If the hunter comes to the attention of the police, then the latter will not be able to determine the alteration, but they have the right to send the weapon for examination. This is where all the cards will be revealed. So the advice is not the best in terms of legality, but many hunters follow it with complete impunity.

Civilian weapons in Russia. Part 6. Pneumatics: toy or weapon?

Air rifles and pistols are the first “real” weapons that a child is most often introduced to. We are now not talking about children's pistols with plastic bullets or even paintball/airsoft weapons, but about pneumatic weapons that shoot lead bullets or steel balls. Many people remember shooting ranges with Izhevsk air rifles Izh-22 and Izh-38, which were quite widespread in the former USSR. For many, this was the first opportunity to shoot an “iron” bullet, feel the heaviness of the weapon and the smell of gun lubricant. Many people, including the author, used these same rifles during basic military training classes in high school (“small rifles,” rifled rifles of .22 lr caliber, had long since been removed from schools at that time).

Izh-22 air rifle

After the collapse of the USSR, the industry experienced rapid development. Foreign-made “pneumatics” poured into the country, and new models of domestic pneumatic weapons appeared. As in the case of gas/traumatic weapons, foreign samples are very good in quality, but are often made of light alloys, which limits their power and active service life. Simply put, silumin bursts. This especially applies to air pistols. Domestic air guns are made of durable steel, but often require finishing with a file “on site”.

Air guns can be divided according to the method of obtaining energy to throw a projectile. In Russia, three options are mainly common - gas-cylinder pneumatics (using cans of CO2 carbon dioxide), spring-piston pneumatics, when the gun is charged by mechanical movement of the piston, due to a break in the barrel or retraction of a special lever, and pre-pumped pneumatics (PCP). In Russia, there are restrictions on the caliber (up to 4.5 mm) and power (up to 7.5 J) of pneumatics. With a power of up to 3 J, the caliber can be any, since from the point of view of the legislation of the Russian Federation, such pneumatics are not a weapon, but an object “structurally similar” to it. Pneumatic weapons with a power from 7.5 J to 25 J are purchased under a license for hunting weapons, with the same procedures as when obtaining a license for the purchase of smooth-bore weapons. Pneumatic weapons in Russia can be of caliber 4.5, 5.5 and 6.35 mm. Pneumatics up to 7.5 J can be freely purchased by Russian citizens starting from 18 years of age.

Gas-cylinder pneumatics are mostly represented by pistols, of which there are a huge number on the market. There is no particular reason to purchase gas-cylinder pneumatics in a rifle version. For the most part, pneumatic gas pistols are used for recreational shooting at targets, cans, bottles, etc. It is worth noting that after several high-profile incidents of shooting from pneumatic weapons at people, a law was adopted and is currently in effect prohibiting carrying loaded and shooting from pneumatic weapons within the city, outside of specially designated areas.

There is no point in considering in detail all the abundance of the market; let us highlight several models. Among the domestic models, this is the pneumatic version of the Makarov “PM” pistol - MP-654K. Pneumatic PM began to be produced in the late 90s and during this time sold out in huge quantities.

Pneumatic version of the Makarov pistol “PM” - MP-654
Initially, it was more like a modernized version of the Makarov pistol - PMM. Muzzle energy up to 3 J, magazine for 13 steel balls and CO2 cylinder. At the moment, the appearance is more close to the original PM. The pistol is initially made entirely of steel, allowing and requiring “pilling”, which can significantly improve the appearance and improve shooting characteristics. The author personally saw in the early 2000s the MP-654K, modified by a craftsman, in appearance practically indistinguishable from a combat PM.

Among foreign samples, you can consider the SIG Sauer P320 ASP. This air pistol is an exact copy of the SIG Sauer M17 combat pistol, adopted by the US Army to replace the Beretta M9 pistol. The appearance, as well as the weight, type of trigger mechanism (trigger mechanism) and trigger force are identical to the combat model. There is an imitation of recoil and shutter movement (BlowBack). Holds 30 4.5 mm bullets in a conveyor-type magazine.

Air pistol SIG Sauer P320 ASP

In addition to entertainment, this and other similar weapons are suitable for developing primary shooting skills and getting used to the weight and dimensions of the weapon. Some models of air guns can be used for “drying”, i.e. performing practical exercises during training according to IPSC rules (practical shooting) without directly firing a shot - moving, snatching, aiming at a target, etc.

One of the disadvantages of CO2-powered pneumatics is that in cold weather or at a fast rate of fire (due to adiabatic expansion), the shot energy quickly drops.

We will not dwell on gas-cylinder rifles, since conceptually they are no different from pistols.

Another category of air guns are spring-piston rifles and pistols. However, pistols here already acquire significant dimensions, so we will consider only rifles. The already mentioned “shooting gallery” rifles Izh-22 and Izh-38 belong to such pneumatics.

At the moment, the classic embodiment of domestically produced spring-piston pneumatics can be considered the successor to the Izh-22 and Izh-38 - the MP-512 air rifle. This model belongs to “fractures” - air rifles with cocking by breaking the barrel relative to the breech of the weapon.

Initially, the design of the Mr-512 was based on classic models, but later many modifications appeared, including a futuristic design. Muzzle energy according to the passport is up to 3 J. Like the pneumatic “PM”, the Mr-512 rifle is one of the most customizable models of air weapons. On the Internet you can find a huge amount of materials on upgrading this rifle. The low cost of the Mr-512 makes it often the first purchase of a young shooter.

In addition to the license-free version, there is a version of the Mr-512M “Magnum”, with a caliber of 5.5 mm and a muzzle energy of up to 25 J (on the manufacturer’s website it is now designated Mr-513M).

Air rifle Mr-512 in modern design

In the upper price segment of spring-piston rifles, one of the leaders are Diana rifles. Perhaps the most famous representative of this brand is the Diana 54 model. Officially, its power is within the permitted limits of 7.5 J. I don’t know how it is now, but in the early 2000s, in a gun store, the author was offered this model complete with two springs. With the first, it complied with legal requirements, with the second, according to the seller, the shot power became significantly greater, which made it possible to fully unleash the potential of this rifle.

Air rifle Diana 54

The capabilities of the best representatives of spring-piston rifles, as well as high-quality tuned inexpensive rifles, already allow you to hunt small game.

The advantage of spring-piston rifles is that no additional air source is required. Air rifle bullets are inexpensive, and after the initial investment in the rifle and scope, there is little further cost. Due to the low weight and cost of pneumatic bullets, you can take a lot of them for hunting, so the hunting time will actually be limited only by the shooter’s endurance.

The disadvantages include the fact that the impact of a massive piston leads to strong shock loads on optical sights, which in turn quickly disables them. As a result, it is necessary to carefully approach the choice of “optics”, specifying its suitability for use on spring-piston rifles.

The pinnacle of airgun evolution is the pre-pumped airgun (PCP). In pre-pumped pneumatic weapons, the energy of the bullet is supplied by compressed air, previously pumped into a special tank. The pressure in the tank can reach 300 atmospheres. Air can be pumped in several ways - with a high-pressure compressor, a high-pressure hand pump, or refilled at special stations. The cost of a high-pressure compressor starts from about 20,000 rubles, for Chinese models, without warranty. High-quality equipment costs from 200,000 thousand rubles. A high-pressure hand pump requires quite serious muscular effort from the shooter; the cost of the pumps is approximately 5,000 rubles. Special high-pressure cylinders are used to store compressed air. It must be taken into account that compressed air cylinders filled with up to 300 atmospheres pose a serious danger if stored incorrectly.

To understand the capabilities of PCP weapons, let's start from the top.

One of the most powerful air rifles in the world is the .458 (11.63mm) Quackenbush. When fired with a bullet weighing 32 grams, a speed of up to 214 m/s is achieved and the muzzle energy power is up to 650 J. This exceeds the muzzle energy of a 9x19 caliber pistol cartridge.

Quackenbush .458 caliber PCP air rifle

It is eclipsed by the German Umarex Hammer .50 caliber (12.7 mm) air rifle. The muzzle energy is a mind-blowing (for pneumatic) 955 J (maximum up to 1030). Unlike the vast majority of competitors of this caliber, the rifle is multi-shot and is capable of firing 3 shots at maximum power. It is quite possible to hunt wild boar with it.

PCP air rifle "Umarex Hammer" caliber .50

We looked, dreamed and forgot. In Russia, the sale of this and other rifles of similar power is officially prohibited by law.

The question arises, why is the power of domestic pneumatics limited to 25 J? Most likely, this was done to prevent the use of air rifles for poaching, since, given the quiet sound of the shot, the activity of a poacher with a PCP rifle is difficult to detect and track. In theory, silent and powerful PCP pneumatic models could also be used in a criminal environment.

However, the domestic PCP rifle market can please you with a wide range of less powerful, but much more versatile models. Air guns from many companies are sold in Russia, including Ataman, Cricket, EDgun, Jager, Kral, Umarex and others. The cost of high-quality PCP rifles averages from 50,000 to 150,000 rubles.

One of the most prominent manufacturers of PCP family pneumatics is the domestic company EDgun. The Matador series rifles, one of the most common in the world, are made according to the bullpup design and are sold in calibers 4.5, 5.5, 6.5 mm with barrels of different lengths.

PCP rifle EDgun Matador R5M

PCP rifles are sold either under license, with a maximum muzzle energy of up to 25 J, or as an item “structurally similar” to a weapon, with muzzle energy limited to 3 J. In fact, most owners, after purchasing a “structurally similar” rifle, produce it like this called “dushushka”, i.e. making design changes to increase the maximum power from the weapon. You need to know that these actions are illegal; the owner caught by the police with a “dirty” rifle may get into trouble, at a minimum this will lead to the loss of a rifle that is by no means cheap.

PCP pneumatics do not have factors that negatively affect optical sights, so the choice of sighting devices for them is greatly simplified

PCP rifles are often equipped with suppressors. Since silencers are prohibited in Russia, they are officially called sound moderators, but this does not change the essence. The shot of PCP pneumatics is not too loud, but is significantly reduced due to the use of a muffler-moderator. As a result, a large-caliber air rifle may well be comparable in its characteristics to the SV-99 small-caliber rifled rifle with a silencer, created for the anti-terrorist units of the Russian special services.

The maximum muzzle energy of a powerful PCP rifle after “airing”, with the right bullets, can in fact significantly exceed 25 J. In combination with a fairly massive 6.35 caliber bullet, this allows you to hunt small animals. Hunting with an air rifle is very different from hunting with a shotgun, and even from hunting with a rifle. On the one hand, low muzzle energy requires shooting precisely at the killing spots of game, on the other hand, the absence of recoil and high accuracy of high-quality PCP rifles make it possible to implement this in practice. The weak sound of the shot allows you not to scare away the game.

It should be noted that hunting with pneumatics has not been fully regulated by law, so it is necessary to carefully familiarize yourself with the hunting rules of the farm where hunting is planned.

And finally, another interesting representative of pneumatic weapons. It can be called a special case of PCP pneumatics - this is an air gun with a cartridge pump - “Brocock Air Cartridge System” (BACS). In this type of weapon, the cartridge cartridge (Air-Cartridge) simultaneously includes a compact reservoir, a valve and a bullet. When fired, the firing pin opens the valve, which leads to the firing of a shot. Pneumatic cartridges can be exchanged for refilled cartridges, as in conventional weapons. Empty cartridges can be reloaded and refilled yourself.

Cartridge cartridge (Air-Cartridge)

The most widespread were pneumatic revolvers with the BACS system, although there were examples of pistols and rifles of this type.

BACS pneumatic revolvers

Not so long ago, pneumatic revolvers of the BACS system could be purchased freely, but at the moment they are not sold in the Russian Federation. Obviously, the high power that can be obtained in these weapons, combined with compactness, noiselessness and the ability to quickly reload, has led to the fact that the competent authorities have stopped issuing certificates for BACS air guns.

Separation of pneumatics according to operating principle

The ability to use air guns without OLRR permission remains a fundamental factor when choosing a suitable model, but is far from the only one. Therefore, let's look at some types of weapons classification.

The first classification is based on the principle of operation of the device. All blowguns boil down to the fact that the bullet in it acquires energy due to the expansion of the gas. The types of pneumatics are determined by the principle of compression of this gas.

• Compression pneumatics are characterized by the fact that gas is contained in a special tank under pressure; it is supplied through the operation of a lever mechanism or compressor. One pump is enough for dozens of shots. With one shot, a special dispenser releases a portion of gas, which is enough to disperse the bullet in the barrel. The advantage of such a device is that it does not need to be reloaded after each shot. The disadvantage manifests itself when charging (pumping) the tank. Often it is necessary to have special equipment. Some models use muscle force to operate the pump.
• The operation of the spring-piston system is based on the action of the elastic force of a compressed spring. Under the influence of this force, the piston in the cylinder begins to move, pumping air, which subsequently pushes the bullet out. The advantage of this type of weapon is its relative simplicity and low cost. It is thanks to these indicators that spring-piston pneumatics have earned popularity. It can be purchased inexpensively not only at a gun store, but also at a sporting goods store. The disadvantages include large dimensions. Due to the length of the barrel, which in pistols reaches 22 cm, such weapons are inconvenient to use for self-defense. In addition, you have to reload the weapon after each shot. A distinctive feature of the spring-piston system is the bend in the barrel for charging the spring.
• Gas-cylinder devices use carbon dioxide, which is contained in compressed form in special tanks. Such a reservoir is inserted into the pistol handle. At the same time, the capsule breaks through the protective partition and the gas in the cylinder is able to escape, but is retained by the dispenser. Such devices are used to make dummies of real firearms. Its caliber can reach 9 mm, but due to its low energy, such pneumatic weapons can be freely purchased without a license. The disadvantage is that if the partition is broken, the gun can only go on for a limited time without firing, because the gas gradually leaves the cylinder.

Device and principle of operation

The prototype of modern pneumatics for hunting are blowpipes. They appeared in ancient times. In places where there were no suitable tree species for making bows, ancient hunters invented blowpipes, which are used in the jungles of South America to this day.

They come in two types: the actual blowpipe, from which the projectile is blown with the power of the lungs, and a more complex design. In this case, another tube with a closed end is put on the tube. To fire, you must hit the outer tube with force. An arrow from such a device flies twice as far, although the accuracy of the shot is much worse.

By and large, all modern air rifles are built according to the same principles.

To fire a pneumatic weapon, the energy of compressed air or any other suitable gas is used. The pressure necessary for this is created in two ways and, accordingly, in the classification of air rifles there are two main types: spring-piston and compression.

In spring-piston systems, the shooter cocks the spring. When fired, the spring pushes the piston, through which the air is compressed.

In a compression design, a piston is also not possible, but here it is presented in the form of a pump, both built-in and external. With its help, the shooter pumps air into the compression chamber or reservoir, creating the required pressure.

Separation by barrel type

Air guns can be divided by loading method or barrel type.

• The first group includes guns with a breaking barrel when the spring is cocked.
• The second group includes weapons in which the barrel remains solid, and the spring is cocked with a special lever.

It is traditionally believed that specimens with a fractured barrel are less durable due to wear of the hinge joints.

Division by internal diameter of the trunk

Nowadays it is not a problem to buy pneumatics in an online store. We have already described the lengths to which sellers go in order to sell their goods. Therefore, do not be surprised if in the catalog you come across pneumatics with a caliber that, in theory, should be prohibited from free sale, but the commentary states that a license is not required.

This means that, according to the passport, the muzzle energy of such a specimen does not exceed 3 J. All pneumatics for hunting, which can be purchased without a license, are divided into groups by caliber.

• The most common caliber is 4.5 mm. If no design changes have been made to the weapon, then such models have a maximum energy of 7.5 J. With such weapons you can only hunt small rodents.
• The 5.5 mm caliber already makes it possible to increase destructive power and aimed firing range. Pneumatic weapons are quite suitable for hunting due to their high accuracy. The lack of recoil has a positive effect on the accuracy of the shot. Shotguns with a caliber of 5.5 mm are used in hunting hare or field game. Please note that weapons with legal characteristics, for which all permits have been issued, cannot be used for hunting.
• Rifles with a caliber of 6.35 mm are capable of killing an average animal. No wonder this caliber is called “fox”.
• 9mm rifles are used in hunting large or ungulate game.

Comments

1. Zhenya 07/31/2015 at 13:25 Currently I hunt mainly pheasant and use a rifle with a spring-piston system and a 5.5 mm caliber. But I’m interested in trying fox hunting, and I need to take a larger caliber, at least 6.35 mm. Tell me, what type of device is better to choose for a larger caliber?
   Reply Alexander 06.10.2015 at 11:42

   and what kind of PPP is it in 5.5 caliber?

   Answer

2. Igor 01/17/2016 at 03:39
   Zhenya, at what ranges do you hunt pheasants with pneumatics? (At what ranges does it generally make sense to hunt with pneumatics?)

   Answer

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Review of popular models

Let's start presenting some models with the most affordable ones. The leading place is occupied by the Czech rifle CZ-200T(S). It is considered single-shot with PCP cocking. At a low cost, such a rifle has high quality and excellent performance.

"Jager" 5.5 SP NEW is a domestic product. It's gratifying that he was among the leaders. In general, domestic air weapons look quite good compared to world leaders.

Hatsan 125 TH is a Turkish rifle of 4.5 mm caliber. Moreover, its muzzle energy is 7.5 J. That is, this specimen is “clean” in relation to the law and can be used for hunting without a license.

Crosman Benjamin Titan XS rifle (4×32 scope) spring-piston type. The presence of a muzzle brake reduces the resulting recoil, which increases the accuracy and convenience of shooting. According to its parameters, it fits into the list of those permitted for free sale.

Another representative of pneumatics is the German Diana 460 F rifle. It is distinguished for its finishing features. Some elements are made of natural wood. Naturally, this model surpasses its analogues in price.

As we found out, there is no clear distinction for powerful pneumatics. In Russia there are no rules for hunting with air guns, since hunting is prohibited. Weapons that do not require a permit have rather low stopping power, which is not to the liking of a real hunter.

Powerful pneumatics with energy exceeding 25 J are capable of hitting large living targets. With such rifles, the huntsman can let the hunter into the area, or he can refuse, having every legal right to do so. In the event of a meeting with law enforcement agencies, only the owner of the weapon will be punished. It must be added that this punishment is quite serious and is qualified under several articles of the administrative and criminal code.