The Russian National Guard is a new force to guard public order
In Russia, NG as such has never existed. The first mention of the possibility of its formation appeared in 2002. Then it was said that NG should become the successor to the VV of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. And in 2012, information appeared in the press that the Ministry of Defense had already begun discussing the concept of creating an NG and it was planned that it would include troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, Airborne Forces, Air Force, Navy and Ministry of Emergency Situations.
In 2014, a proposal regarding the formation of the National Guard of the Russian Federation appeared on the Internet portal of the ROI - Russian Public Initiative. All interested citizens of the Russian Federation took part in the survey, and the result was telling - the majority supported the proposal.
The opinion of the people and the state coincided, especially since, according to the President of the Russian Federation, reforming the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation had been discussed for a long time. The result of such work was the adoption of the Presidential Decree of 04/05/2016, according to which a new state power structure was created in Russia from the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. This legal act contains basic provisions regarding the formation, structure and powers of the National Guard of the Russian Federation.
Such a decision was expedient and quite natural, because similar military formations exist in many countries, including the USA, Latvia, Spain, Ukraine, Georgia, etc. The appearance of NG in Russia was a matter of time. In addition, the fact that the guard is directly subordinate to the President of the country, and not to the head of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, like other branches of the internal troops, is of fundamental importance.
Composition and structure of the National Guard of the Russian Federation
Viktor Vasilyevich Zolotov (Army General) - Director of the Federal Service of the National Guard Troops of the Russian Federation (since April 5, 2016)
Sergei Viktorovich Bunin (Colonel General) - Chief of the Main Staff of the National Guard Troops of the Russian Federation (since April 5, 2016)
V. Putin, in his comments regarding the adopted Decree, noted that the NG was created with the aim of combating terrorism and organized crime, and will work in close cooperation with the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, as well as perform functions that were previously assigned directly to the riot police and special forces.
V. Zolotov was placed at the head of the troops of the National Guard of the Russian Federation, who, until taking up his new position, served as Commander-in-Chief of the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation. His new appointment is identical to the status of a federal minister.
The goal of the Russian Guard is to optimize and increase the efficiency of the activities of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, as well as rationalize budget funds for the maintenance of law enforcement agencies. The latter fact is due to the fact that the formation of National Guard units does not require the recruitment of additional troops. They are formed from employees of existing units of the law enforcement agencies of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation.
In addition to SOBR and OMON, the NG of Russia includes:
• Private security of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation; • Aviation of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation; • Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Security"; • Units of the Ministry of Internal Affairs for control over the circulation of weapons and private security activities.
The number of members of the NG RF may be 400 thousand people. The transfer of employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs to the ranks of the National Guard is carried out with full preservation of their existing awards and social guarantees. It is noteworthy that in order to balance such an outflow of people from the structure of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the head of state decided to transfer the FMS and the drug control service, which were previously separate structures, to the Ministry of Internal Affairs.
Federal Law of July 3, 2016 No. 226-FZ
RUSSIAN FEDERATION
THE FEDERAL LAW
About the troops of the National Guard of the Russian Federation
Adopted by the State Duma on June 22, 2016
Approved by the Federation Council on June 29, 2016
(As amended by federal laws dated December 5, 2017 No. 391-FZ, dated March 7, 2018 No. 40-FZ, dated July 29, 2018 No. 264-FZ, dated October 11, 2018 No. 364-FZ, dated October 1, 2019 No. 328-FZ, dated 02.12.2019 No. 404-FZ, dated 18.03.2020 No. 64-FZ, dated 20.07.2020 No. 235-FZ, dated 31.07.2020 No. 275-FZ, dated 31.07.2020 No. 276-FZ, dated 26.05.2021 No. 147-FZ, dated 07/01/2021 No. 279-FZ)
Chapter 1. General provisions
Article 1. Troops of the National Guard of the Russian Federation and their purpose
The National Guard Troops of the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as the National Guard Troops) are a state military organization designed to ensure state and public security, protect the rights and freedoms of man and citizen.
Article 2. Tasks of the National Guard troops
1. National Guard troops are entrusted with the following tasks:
1) participation in maintaining public order and ensuring public safety;
2) protection of important government facilities, special cargo, communications structures in accordance with the lists approved by the Government of the Russian Federation;
3) participation in the fight against terrorism and extremism;
4) participation in ensuring states of emergency, martial law, and the legal regime of counter-terrorism operations;
5) participation in the territorial defense of the Russian Federation;
6) providing assistance to the border authorities of the federal security service in protecting the State Border of the Russian Federation;
7) federal state control (supervision) over compliance with the legislation of the Russian Federation in the field of arms trafficking and in the field of private security and private detective activities, as well as over ensuring the security of fuel and energy complex facilities, over the activities of security units of legal entities with special statutory tasks and divisions departmental security; (As amended by Federal Law No. 391-FZ dated December 5, 2017)
protection of particularly important and sensitive facilities, facilities subject to mandatory protection by troops of the National Guard, in accordance with the list approved by the Government of the Russian Federation, protection of property of individuals and legal entities under contracts;
9) ensuring, by decision of the President of the Russian Federation, the security of senior officials of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation (heads of the highest executive bodies of state power of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation) and other persons. (Clause introduced - Federal Law dated 03/07/2018 No. 40-FZ)
2. Other tasks may be assigned to the National Guard troops by decisions of the President of the Russian Federation adopted in accordance with federal constitutional laws and federal laws.
Article 3. Legal basis for the activities of the National Guard troops
The legal basis for the activities of the National Guard troops is the Constitution of the Russian Federation, generally recognized principles and norms of international law, international treaties of the Russian Federation, federal constitutional laws, this Federal Law, other federal laws, regulatory legal acts of the President of the Russian Federation, the Government of the Russian Federation, as well as regulatory legal acts acts of the federal executive body that carries out the functions of developing and implementing state policy and legal regulation in the field of activities of the National Guard troops of the Russian Federation, in the field of arms trafficking, in the field of private security activities and in the field of private security (hereinafter referred to as the authorized federal executive body authorities), and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation regulating the activities of the National Guard troops.
Article 4. Principles of activity of the National Guard troops
The National Guard troops carry out their activities on the basis of the principles of legality, respect for the rights and freedoms of man and citizen, unity of command and centralization of management.
Article 41. Respect for human and civil rights and freedoms in the activities of the National Guard troops
1. When exercising the powers provided for in paragraphs 4, 16, 18, 24, 26, 27 of part 1 of Article 9 of this Federal Law, an employee of the National Guard troops is obliged to state his position, rank, surname, present his service ID at the request of a citizen, and then inform the reason and purpose of the appeal, and if measures are applied to a citizen that limit his rights and freedoms, explain to him the reason and grounds for the application of such measures, as well as the rights and obligations of the citizen arising in connection with this.
2. An employee of the National Guard troops has the right not to comply with the requirements provided for in Part 1 of this article if circumstances arise that create an immediate threat to the life and health of an employee of the National Guard troops or other persons, as well as if it is necessary to immediately suppress a crime or administrative offense or prosecute those who committed them persons
(Article introduced - Federal Law dated July 31, 2020 No. 275-FZ)
Article 5. General composition of the National Guard troops
1. The National Guard troops include:
1) controls;
2) associations, formations and military units;
3) units (bodies), including in which persons with special police ranks serve (hereinafter referred to as units);
4) educational organizations of higher education and other organizations.
2. The governing bodies of associations, the governing bodies of formations, military units, subdivisions, educational organizations of higher education and other organizations of the National Guard troops may be legal entities in the organizational and legal form of a state institution.
3. The creation, reorganization and abolition (liquidation) of military units and units of the National Guard troops are carried out by the head of the authorized federal executive body.
4. The governing bodies of associations, units and organizations of the National Guard troops, which are legal entities, act on the basis of charters approved by the head of the authorized federal executive body.
5. Control bodies of formations and military units of the National Guard troops, which are legal entities, act on the basis of a single standard charter, approved by the head of the authorized federal executive body.
Article 6. Leadership and control of the National Guard troops
1. The leadership of the National Guard troops is exercised by the President of the Russian Federation.
2. President of the Russian Federation:
1) determines the tasks of the National Guard troops;
2) approves the structure and composition of the National Guard troops (up to and including the operational-territorial unification);
3) approves the staffing level of military personnel of the National Guard troops, persons serving in the National Guard troops and having special police ranks (hereinafter referred to as employees), and civilian personnel of the National Guard troops;
4) appoints the commander-in-chief of the national guard troops and dismisses him from office;
5) approves the Charter of the National Guard Troops, the banner and flag of the National Guard Troops, regulations about them, their descriptions and drawings;
6) approves the regulations on the operational-territorial unification of the National Guard troops;
7) establishes the number of positions in the National Guard troops to be filled by senior officers (senior command), assigns military ranks to senior officers (special ranks of senior command), appoints military personnel (employees) to military positions (positions), for which the state provides military ranks of senior officers (special ranks of senior command), releases them from military positions (positions) and dismisses them from military service in the manner prescribed by federal law;
approves the concept and plan for the construction and development of National Guard troops;
9) exercises other powers in accordance with the Constitution of the Russian Federation, federal constitutional laws and federal laws.
3. Government of the Russian Federation:
1) allocates financial resources to support the activities of the National Guard troops within the amounts established by the federal law on the federal budget for the corresponding year, and also ensures the allocation of the necessary material and technical resources;
2) approves the list of weapons, ammunition, military and special equipment, and special equipment in service with the National Guard troops;
3) ensures that the National Guard troops are equipped with weapons, ammunition, combat and special equipment, and special means according to their orders;
4) approves lists of important government facilities, special cargo, and communications structures subject to protection by National Guard troops;
5) approves the list of objects subject to mandatory protection by troops of the National Guard;
6) carries out, within the limits of its powers, measures for social protection, material support for military personnel (employees) of the National Guard troops, citizens of the Russian Federation, discharged from military service from the internal troops, discharged from military service (service) in the National Guard troops, members of their families, persons who are (were) dependent employees (citizens of the Russian Federation dismissed from service in the National Guard) and civilian personnel; (As amended by federal laws dated July 29, 2018 No. 264-FZ, dated July 31, 2020 No. 276-FZ)
61) approves the list of certain categories of employees who have the right to food at the expense of the federal budget and to whom, at their request, food rations are issued, establishes the procedure and standards for issuing food rations and its range; (Clause introduced - Federal Law dated July 31, 2020 No. 276-FZ)
7) ensures the implementation of guarantees of legal protection and social support for military personnel (employees) of the National Guard troops, citizens of the Russian Federation, discharged from military service from the internal troops, discharged from military service (service) in the National Guard troops, members of their families, persons stationed ( were) dependent employees (citizens of the Russian Federation dismissed from service in the National Guard) and civilian personnel; (As amended by Federal Law No. 264-FZ dated July 29, 2018)
approves the list of water bodies located in areas with the most valuable natural resources, in the waters of which military units of the National Guard troops participate in the protection of public order;
9) determines the procedure for using aviation of the National Guard troops in the interests of other federal executive authorities;
10) approves the requirements for equipping important state facilities, special cargo, communications structures subject to protection by troops of the National Guard with engineering and technical means of security, the procedure for monitoring their implementation and operation of the specified engineering and technical means of security, unless otherwise established by the legislation of the Russian Federation in areas of nuclear energy use;
11) exercises other powers in accordance with the Constitution of the Russian Federation, federal constitutional laws, federal laws and decrees of the President of the Russian Federation.
4. Management of the National Guard troops is carried out by the head of the authorized federal executive body, who is the Commander-in-Chief of the National Guard troops.
Article 7. Deployment of National Guard troops
1. Associations, formations, military units and units of the National Guard troops are deployed in accordance with the tasks of the National Guard troops and taking into account the socio-economic conditions of the places of deployment.
2. The locations of military units and units of the National Guard troops are determined by the decision of the head of the authorized federal executive body, and from the formation and above - by the decision of the President of the Russian Federation.
3. The redeployment of military units and units of the National Guard troops is carried out by decision of the head of the authorized federal executive body, and from the formation and above - by decision of the President of the Russian Federation.
Chapter 2. Powers of the National Guard troops
Article 8. Powers of the National Guard troops
1. National Guard troops, in order to fulfill the tasks assigned to them, exercise the following powers:
1) general powers;
2) special powers (coercive measures): detention; opening a vehicle; entry (penetration) into residential and other premises, land plots and territories (water areas); cordoning off (blocking) areas of terrain (water areas), residential and other premises, buildings and other objects; formation and maintenance of data banks about citizens;
3) powers to ensure state of emergency, martial law and the legal regime of the counter-terrorism operation and powers related to participation in the counter-terrorism operation;
4) other powers provided for by federal constitutional laws, this Federal Law, other federal laws and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation.
2. The powers of the National Guard troops are exercised by command and control bodies, associations, formations, military units, divisions, organizations and military personnel (employees) of the National Guard troops in the manner prescribed by federal constitutional laws, this Federal Law, other federal laws, and regulatory legal acts of the President of the Russian Federation , the Government of the Russian Federation, as well as regulatory legal acts of the authorized federal executive body in compliance with the requirements of the legislation of the Russian Federation on the protection of state secrets.
3. The legal requirements of military personnel (employees) of the National Guard troops when they exercise the powers of the National Guard troops are mandatory for fulfillment by citizens and officials.
Article 9. General powers of the National Guard troops
1. National Guard troops are vested with the following powers:
1) require citizens to maintain public order;
2) demand from citizens and officials to stop illegal actions;
3) suppress crimes, administrative offenses and illegal actions;
4) check the identity documents of citizens if there is data giving grounds to suspect them of committing a crime or to believe that they are wanted, or if there is a reason to initiate an administrative offense case against these citizens, or if there are grounds for them detention in cases provided for by federal law;
5) carry out proceedings on cases of administrative offenses in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation on administrative offenses;
6) take the necessary measures to protect the scene of the incident until the arrival of representatives of the investigative or inquiry authorities, demand that citizens leave the scene of the incident;
7) deliver citizens to the office premises of the internal affairs body (police) in order to resolve the issue of detaining a citizen; establishing the identity of a citizen if there is reason to believe that he is wanted as having fled from the bodies of inquiry, investigation or court, or as evading the execution of a criminal penalty; protecting a citizen from an immediate threat to his life or health if he is unable to take care of himself or if the danger cannot be avoided in any other way;
carry out inspections of vehicles, floating craft (vessels) that have violated the rules established at facilities protected by national guard troops;
9) carry out personal searches at checkpoints of employees of important state facilities protected by the National Guard troops;
10) require citizens to comply with access control and intra-facility regimes at facilities protected by National Guard troops; carry out inspection and (or) inspection of citizens visiting these objects, inspection of things located at them, inspection and (or) inspection of vehicles, floating craft (vessels) at the entrance (entry) to the territory of protected objects (water areas) and exit (exit) from territories of protected objects (water areas); when identifying violations that create a threat to the safety of citizens at protected sites, and conditions conducive to theft of property, take measures to suppress the identified violations and eliminate these conditions;
11) freely enter at any time of the day into the territory and premises of objects protected by troops of the National Guard, inspect them in order to suppress crimes or administrative offenses, as well as for the purpose of detaining persons who have illegally entered or attempted to enter protected objects;
12) receive, store and destroy seized, voluntarily surrendered or found firearms, gas, cold steel and other weapons, ammunition, weapon cartridges, explosive devices, explosives;
13) when performing service to protect public order and ensure public safety in water areas, carry out an inspection of floating equipment (vessels);
14) conduct reconnaissance in areas where service and combat missions are performed. The organization and procedure for conducting reconnaissance by troops of the National Guard are determined by regulatory legal acts of the President of the Russian Federation;
15) issue to citizens and organizations, if there are grounds provided for by federal law, licenses for the acquisition of civilian and service weapons; licenses to carry out activities in the trade in weapons, main parts of firearms and ammunition for them; licenses for exhibiting and (or) collecting weapons, main parts of firearms and ammunition for them; permits for storage or storage and carrying of civilian and service weapons, for storage and carrying of award weapons, for transportation, import into the territory of the Russian Federation and export from the territory of the Russian Federation of the specified weapons and ammunition for them; permits to store and use or store and carry certain types and models of military handguns and service weapons received for temporary use in accordance with federal law; keep records of weapons and ammunition in accordance with federal law;
16) control the circulation of civilian, service and award weapons, ammunition, ammunition for weapons, the safety and technical condition of military hand small arms and service weapons in temporary use by citizens and organizations, as well as compliance by citizens and organizations with the legislation of the Russian Federation in the field of weapons circulation ;
17) issue directions to legal entities and citizens of the Russian Federation to carry out control shooting of civilian and service firearms with a rifled barrel; (As amended by Federal Law No. 391-FZ dated December 5, 2017)
18) issue if there are grounds provided for by law
Functions and powers of the Russian Guard
The functions of the National Guard of the Russian Federation are very broad:
• Maintaining public order; • Conducting a full-scale fight against terrorist and extremist groups and entities; • Territorial defense of the country; • Protection of government facilities and critical cargo; • Assistance to the FSB in organizing the protection of border areas; • Regulation and control of private security activities; • Conducting private security; • Confrontation of organized crime; • Implementation of state policy in the field of arms trafficking; • Suppression of unauthorized large-scale actions, etc.
In addition, it is obvious that if martial law is introduced, the guard will be tasked with organizing rear protection and protecting the country’s communications, countering sabotage and reconnaissance groups, performing garrison service, etc. Simply put, the main task of the NG is to protect the country from external and internal enemies and protect the constitutional order, as well as the rights and freedoms of Russian citizens.
Historical excursion
An interesting fact is that in our state there has already been an attempt to form the National Guard. In a difficult year for the country in 1991, B. Yeltsin at the August session of the Supreme Council put forward the initiative to create the Russian Guard in order to ensure the protection of the constitutional system and provide society with guarantees of law and order. To develop the concept of the future structure, a commission was formed from people's deputies, representatives of law enforcement agencies and state committees under the leadership of Vice President A. Rutsky.
The developers focused on the parallel existence of the new type of troops with the USSR Armed Forces, law enforcement agencies of the USSR and the RSFSR and other government bodies. Work on the project lasted 2 months, after which the commission presented B. Yeltsin with the general structure of the future guard, which included the organizational foundations, locations, composition of the control headquarters, special departments, brigades, etc. It was planned that the formation of troops would be carried out from the operational units of the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the RSFSR.
At the Supreme Council, the presented developments were approved by the majority of those present. However, the matter never came to official approval. The tense situation in the country and the confrontation between oppositions pushed into the background the project to create a people's guard. Moreover, very quickly the attention of government officials switched to a new structure - the Ministry of Emergency Situations.
Be that as it may, everything has its time. At that time, the creation of such troops was premature and inappropriate due to the unstable situation within the country. Now the time has come to organize a new force that will guard law and order and justice. Now Russia has its own National Guard.
What opportunities are available to employees of military unit 3747
The main tasks of the military personnel of unit 3747 are to ensure public safety and complete order. The 55th division includes not only this military unit, but also the division's command and control body, special forces units, motorized battalions and its own training center.
Future military personnel will have fully equipped barracks, their own eating area, combat and military training within the framework of current legislation.
Advantages of serving in military unit 3747:
- close location to one of the central districts of Moscow;
- own security system, which includes passes and access cards to the facility;
- fully equipped infrastructure that guarantees increased comfort for military personnel;
- opportunities for personal meetings with close relatives, soldiers can take days off.
Having your own business and office management allows you to separate the military unit into a separate and independent unit. Military personnel undergo the necessary training on the territory of a military camp, which is equipped with all the necessary infrastructure.
It includes barracks and various service facilities (parade ground, barracks for free accommodation of personnel, guardhouse and sanitary unit, clubhouse, canteen, training rooms). The houses of officers of the military unit serve as residential buildings.
The park, technical and warehouse areas, which contain a park of military equipment and ready-made weapons, deserve special attention. This also includes fuel and lubricants warehouse, chemical warehouse, specialized workshops, engineering and communications warehouse.
