Optical sight PU-1 for the Mosin Rifle Original (1943)

Those who served in the army, navy, air force, and the Ministry of Internal Affairs, regardless of age, often recall with warm irony the demobilization uniforms in which they returned home.

The phenomenon of non-statutory modifications to military clothing is indeed widespread in the Armed Forces. This unwritten custom of soldiers and sergeants - to carefully prepare for transfer to the reserve (meaning a uniform embellished to the best of one's personal imagination and an album with photographs) - has been observed for many decades.

About the tradition of returning home in demob uniform

Why did such a tradition become established? It dates back to Soviet times. The reason is clear: soldiers are waiting for the day of transfer to the reserve, dreaming of it as a holiday... It marks a change in their rhythm of life from regulated by service to personal. People who have matured in the Armed Forces dream about the future arrangement of their lives: work, prosperity, finding a soul mate. But first... demobilization must take place.

Obviously, such an event is a kind of milestone in the life of young men preparing for discharge from demobilization. Such clothing is not intended for military everyday life or military holidays. It corresponds only to the mental state of one person - its owner. Her mission is quite fleeting in time: to decorate the return home, to demonstrate to family, friends, and acquaintances that the soldier, having served the Motherland honestly and like a man, is finally with them.

Sometimes its creation is a kind of kitsch, an attempt to stylize an ordinary soldier's uniform to give it extravagance and loudness. Stripes, aiguillettes, badges, and chevrons are used.

THE USSR. Optical instruments. Part 1

Optical sights

The first optical rifle sights within the framework of Soviet-German military cooperation were produced in German. Based on the optical system of these sights, in 1925 the Podolsk Optical Plant began developing a domestic sniper sight, but only in 1930 it was approved for production under the name “Optical rifle sight model 1930”, abbreviated name “PT”. It was an optical spotting scope with a lens wrapping system with 4x magnification. Further work led to the development of a new sight, which was named “Rifle Optical Sight Model 1931.” code "PE". Due to the presence and inscription “V. P. arr. 1931" The PE sight in the 30s was often mistakenly called the VP or UVP sight.

PE sight with vertical mounting bracket, case and dust caps.

Sniper rifle SVM-91/30 with PE sight.

In 1933, Plant No. 69 produced over 6 thousand sights, and two years later their production was almost doubled. The plant constantly modernized the sight, which was mostly completed in 1933. In 1936, a bracket for side mounting with additional adjustment (Geko bracket) was developed for the sight. Sometimes I call a scope with this bracket a PB. The use of such a bracket has significantly increased the efficiency of preparing the sight for its intended use and travel. In the same year, it was decided to move the production of PE sights to Leningrad. The PE sight had a number of disadvantages associated with the sealing of the body, focusing the eyepiece on the sniper's eye, which led to an increase in aiming time, and the mobility of the eyepiece reduced its reliability. The focusing mechanism was difficult to assemble, as it contained a large number of small parts of high precision. In mid-1937, the design of the eyepiece part was measured at the factory. The eyepiece became immobile and was projected onto a normal eye. The modernization of the sight was documented in 1939, when the technical requirements “for an optical rifle sight mod. 1937 PE".

PB sight, model 1937, with side mounting bracket, case and dust caps.

The PE sight of the 1937 model was considered the best of all existing ones in sniper practice. The main disadvantages of the sight were its heavy weight and difficulty in manufacturing. The sight had the following performance characteristics: magnification - 4; angular field of view - 5°; Lens diameter: 30.4 mm; eyepiece diameter - 44 mm; exit pupil diameter - 7.6 mm; eye relief - 83 mm; sight length - 174 mm; sight weight - 600 g.

In 1939, for mass production, the sight was structurally simplified and its weight and size characteristics were reduced. It was developed for the SVT-40 rifle at plant No. 3 in Kharkov and received the name “optical rifle sight model 1940.” code PU (short sight). The sight body was made of a solid pipe, which increased its reliability and simplified the manufacturing process. The PU sight weighed 270 g and had a smaller overall size, better sealing, and provided an effective firing range of up to 1300 m from the SVM-91/30 rifle. In 1942, designer D. M. Kochetov developed a side mounting bracket for the PU sight for the SVM- rifle 91/30.

Sniper rifle SVM-91/30 with a PU optical sight with a side mounting bracket.

The PU sight had the following performance characteristics: magnification - 3.5; angular field of view - 4.5°; lens diameter – 22 mm; exit pupil diameter – 6 mm; eye relief – 72 mm; adjustment division price - 7 cm/100m; sight tube diameter - 26.5 mm; sight dimensions - 170x42x42 mm; sight weight - no more than 400 g. The design of the sight turned out to be so successful that the number of sights produced exceeded 500 thousand pieces,

By the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, the Red Army was armed with 7.62-mm sniper rifles: modernized in 1930 - S. I. Mosin model 1891; automatic - S. G. Simonov model 1936 (ABC-36) , self-loading - F.V. Tokarev model 1940 (SVT-40). Sniper scopes for them were produced by the following factories: NKVD plant No. 3 (Kharkov); NKAP plant No. 266 (Kharkov); NKAP plant No. 266 (Berdsk); (Leningrad, Omsk); NKV plant No. 393 (Krasnogorsk); NKV plant No. 297 (Yoshkar-Ola); NKV plant No. 237 (Kazan).

Machine gun "Maxim" model 1910 with a PP optical sight.

Machine-gun optical sight of the 1930 model with the designation PP.

A machine-gun optical sight of the 1930 model with the designation PP was installed on the Maxim machine gun of the 1910 model and anti-tank guns. It is attached to the machine gun on the left side of the machine gun on a special bracket. It consisted of a panorama and a sighting part. The sight is also used on the 37-mm anti-tank gun mod. 1930. To do this, he changed the distance scale and grid.

The 1932 model PP optical sight is basically similar to the 1930 model machine gun optical sight, with the exception of the distance scale and reinforced structure, since it is intended for the 45-mm anti-tank gun mod. 1932. Sight performance characteristics: free lens diameter 1 12 mm; free eyepiece diameter - 22 mm; magnification - 2.0 times; field of view - 20°; exit pupil diameter - 6.0 mm; aperture - 36; eye relief from the last surface of the eyepiece - 26.7 mm; longest sight length (without eyecup) - 162 mm; maximum height of the sight (without eyecup) - 135 mm; maximum width of the sight (without eyecup) - 90 mm; sight weight - 1335 g; finger weight with traction - 975 g; bracket weight - 965 g.

For ground artillery and multiple rocket launchers, the Hertz artillery panorama was used - a sighting and goniometric optical device. It provided guidance of the gun in the vertical and horizontal planes. It was used when shooting at both visible and invisible targets. Artillery panorama - the periscope sighting mechanism is an elbowed optical tube consisting of a rotating head, a fixed body and an eyepiece tube.

Panorama of Hertz.

Panorama of Hertz mounted on the 76th ZIS-3 gun.

Panorama of Hertz mounted on the 122nd howitzer.

The panorama consisted of a goniometric mechanism for guidance in the horizontal plane and an elevation angle mechanism for guidance in the vertical plane. In the mid-twentieth century, the design was improved by adding an artificial aiming point - a collimator, which made it possible to use the panorama in the dark and in poor weather conditions.

Automatic anti-aircraft sight AZP-37-1.

The AZP-37-1 sight was used by 37 mm 61-K anti-aircraft guns. It was intended to solve the problem of meeting a projectile with a target by developing pre-emptive target coordinates based on available data on its speed, range, course, dive or pitching angle. The sight is mounted on a bracket fixed to the cradle. Separate sight mechanisms are located on both the left and right sides of the gun. The left side of the sight consists of a table, table drive, diving, pitching and heading stabilization mechanisms. The right side of the sight consists of speed and range drives, differential and compensator. In addition, a compensator is assembled in a tubular body attached to the right sight box and the barrel drive differential box, and a sighting parallelogram with collimators is installed in the cheeks of the bracket. The sight is designed for firing at ranges up to 4000 m at target speeds from 1.6 to 140 m/s and a maximum dive or pitching angle of 70°.

Collimator sights were initially used as mortar sights in 1930-1940. These were MP-1, MP-41, MP-42, MPM-44, MP-82 and other modifications. Later, collimator sights on mortars were replaced by optical ones, which were more convenient.

MP-1 mortar collimator sight.

The MP-41 mortar collimator sight passed tests in June 1941 and was put into service.

MP-42 mortar collimator sight.

MP-44 mortar collimator sight.

MPM-44 mortar sight.

MP-82 mortar collimator sight.

The MP-82 mortar collimator sight (collimator) was used on the MP-82 mortar of the 1939 model. The collimator was located on the rotating cover of the angular mechanism. Thus, the collimator, the angular mechanism and the sight are one whole. The collimator and goniometric mechanism, taken together, represent a simplified panorama, which serves to guide the mortar to the target. The collimator serves for sighting at the aiming point. It consisted of a lens glued together from two lenses. A plane-parallel plate with a light slit, which is a cut in a layer of silver, is installed at the focus of the lens.

For aiming anti-aircraft guns when firing at attack aircraft and ground targets in self-defense, as well as when orienting the gun, the PO-1 optical tube was used. It is a monocular telescopic device - an elbowed tube, which has two main parts - objective and ocular, interconnected by the body . The body of the device is a figured brass casting, to the lower part of which brass slides are screwed, securing the pipe in the groove of the mechanical sight of the gun. The type of sled is “dovetail”. On the left, the case is closed with a steel lid, on which the device code, manufacturer's brand and device number are engraved.

PO-1M sight in a wooden box with illumination, a filter and a key for the drying cartridge.

PO-1 provided 5x magnification, field of view - 14°, exit pupil dimensions were 3.8x4 mm, exit pupil relief - 18 mm. The length of the device is 307 mm, the width is 158 mm, the height is 108 mm, the weight of the device with the lighting system is 4.1 kg. The PO-1 optical tube was used to aim 76-mm anti-aircraft guns mod. 1931 and 1938, 85-mm anti-aircraft guns 52-K, KS-1 and KS-12, 100-mm anti-aircraft guns KS-19.

Optical tube PO-1M1 in a box.

The PO-1 optical tube was produced unchanged until approximately 1942. Later, modernized pipes were produced under the designation PO-1M, PO-1M1, which had some design changes that simplified the work with the device.

The anti-aircraft artillery commander's tube or binocular finder is used for: observation of air targets; measuring the deviations of individual discontinuities or the center of their grouping from the target; measuring angles in vertical and horizontal planes; target designation. In addition, the commander’s pipe can be used for topographical work to mark the points of the battery, PUAZO, etc.

Commander's pipe of anti-aircraft artillery BI.

Commander's tube of the BI anti-aircraft artillery in operation. Moscow, 1941

BI provided magnification from 4x to 12x, field of view from 3 to 11 degrees, entrance pupil diameter - 2-6 mm, exit pupil relief - 7-26 mm.

TZK - the commander's anti-aircraft tube - served to detect anti-aircraft targets and monitor them, for target designation and accurate determination of the angular deviations of shell explosions and paths from targets. The device is equipped with a control tube that allows you to control the accuracy of pointing the device to an object. The design of the device allows you to change the observation directions in the horizontal plane by 360 degrees, in the vertical plane from -18 to +84 degrees. The device was equipped with a dial lighting system and an NK-13 battery. Dimensions of the device - 450x445x420 mm, weight of the device - 16.5 kg.

Commander's anti-aircraft tube TZK.

Monocular sighting sight ShB-1 for 45 mm deck and turret systems in the navy.

ShB-1M sight on a 45-mm 21-K gun.

The 45-mm semi-automatic universal naval gun 21-K was equipped with the ShB-1 and ShB-1M sights, and its modernized version, the 21-KM, was equipped with a sight of the MKO-2M type.

In 1933, in the LOMZ design bureau, created on the basis of the workshops, the first TOP tank telescopic sight was developed and put into production in the city of Krasnogorsk. The TOP sight is designed for direct aiming of a tank cannon and machine gun and observation of the terrain and target. To take into account the drift of the projectile from the movement of its own tank, as well as the introduction of corrections for the movement of the target, there was a lateral correction scale printed on the condenser in the field of view; A range scale for firing a machine gun was also marked here. Thus, the gunner sets the values ​​of lateral corrections and range when firing a machine gun without interrupting his observation of the target.

Drawing of a telescopic sight TOP.

Structurally, the sight is a telescopic tube mounted on the gun in such a way that its sighting axis, when the scales are set to zero, is parallel to the axis of the barrel bore. The sight had a magnification of 2.5x and a field of view of 15 degrees. With manual aiming of the turret and gun, which was the case in all pre-war tanks, observation of the target and, even more so, shooting while the tank was moving were practically impossible. Shooting was carried out, as a rule, from a stationary tank or from short stops; but at the same time the likelihood of the tank being hit by the enemy increased.

In the 1930s, the first domestic periscope sight PT-1 was developed and put into serial production. It was intended for direct fire when firing from a tank gun and a coaxial machine gun, as well as for all-round visibility and receiving target designation from the commander. The sight was used for various types of guns, and the corresponding scales were installed in the sights.

Drawing of the PT-1 periscope sight.

PT-1 is a panoramic periscope that allows observation from behind cover and provides all-round visibility along the horizon by rotating only the head of the device with the body and eyepiece stationary. The head reflective prism of the sight is connected to the swinging part of the gun using a parallelogram. The main advantage of the PT-1 sight compared to the TOP sight is that the gunner can work with the sight without changing the position of his body (in the TOP sight the position of the eyepiece changed when the gun moved in the vertical plane, and the gunner had to track these movements). The aiming angle scale for an armor-piercing projectile and the lateral correction scale are located in the field of view of the sight. When using these scales, the gunner does not take his eyes off the eyepiece and observe the target. The range is set on a ring scale using a moving index. The sight had a magnification of 2.5x and a field of view of 26 degrees. It was also used for all-round surveillance and was installed on T-26, BT-5, 7, T-34-76 tanks and some armored vehicles.

One of the PT-1 modifications is the PT-4-7 gunner's periscope sight.

Simultaneously with the development and mass production of the PT-1 sight, the first domestic tank command panorama PTK was developed and put into serial production, designed for observation of the battlefield, target designation for the gunner and fire adjustment. In terms of characteristics, design and appearance, the PTK panorama was practically no different from the PT-1 sight. The distance scale was not installed, the mechanism of aiming angles and lateral corrections was excluded. The TOP, PT-1 and PTK panorama sights were in mass production until 1943.

Drawing of the TMF telescopic sight.

One of the modifications of the TMF sight.

As tank guns improved, the aiming angles decreased (to 4° instead of 12° previously), which made it possible to place the aiming angle scales directly in the field of view of the sight and significantly simplify the process of aiming when firing. The first such sight was the TMF tank telescopic sight developed by KMZ specialists in 1938 and its five modifications. To ensure interchangeability with the TOP sight, the upper and lower head prisms were retained in the optical design, although structurally and functionally they had no significance. On the condenser lens there were distance scales for armor-piercing, fragmentation shells and machine gun; The lateral lead scale is also located there. For shooting at night, the scale on the condenser and the cross hairs were illuminated. The sight had a magnification of 2.5x and a field of view of 20º.

The presence of a large number of tank models in the Red Army required the development of several variants of TMF sights for specific combat compartments. Based on the basic TMF sight, its modifications were developed and put into production: TMFP, TMFP-1, TMFD-7, T-5, TOD-6, TOD-9, YUT-15. Structurally, they differed in length, seat geometry, and distance scales. All sights were in service in the pre-war and early years of the war.

Telescopic articulated sight TSH-2.

TSh-2 sight for the gunner of the T-34-85 tank.

In 1943, based on a captured sample, the TSh telescopic articulated sight was developed and put into production, which did not have the disadvantages of its predecessors. The head part of the sight is rigidly connected to the gun, which eliminated errors in the transfer of angles from the gun to the sight. The sight's eyepiece was fixed relative to the turret body, and aiming angles were set using sighting scales in the sight's field of view. The sight allowed the gunner not to change the position of his head when swinging the gun. It had a 4x magnification, a field of view of 16 degrees and was intended for direct fire. Under the name TSh-2, it began to be mass-produced at the end of 1943 for the T-34 and IS tanks, as well as for the ISU-122S and ISU-252 self-propelled guns. The modification of the TSh-17K sight was calibrated for targeted shooting at a distance of up to 1500 m. To ensure the possibility of fire in the dark, the sight scales had illumination devices.

In the early spring of 1943, Plant No. 393 designed, and in May of the same year tested, a periscope viewing device copied from the British Mk-IV Churchill heavy tank. In August 1943, a viewing device under the MK-4 brand was put into mass production. T-34-85 tanks were equipped with three such periscope rotating observation devices. They were used by the commander, loader and gunner. The device allowed tank crews to recognize objects on the ground at an impressive distance for that time - 1000-1500 meters. Due to the successful model, a total of 164 thousand devices were produced.

Appearance of two MK-4 devices.

Two MK-4 devices installed in the fighting compartment of the T-34-85 tank.

The MK-4 device installed in the place of the commander of the T-34-85 tank.

Rangefinders

A rangefinder is a device designed to determine the distance from an observer to an object. It is used in sighting devices of weapons, bombing systems, etc. In the navy, using a rangefinder, you can measure the distance between your ship and an enemy ship, or the distance to an attacking enemy aircraft, and even the distance between the splash of a falling shell and the target. On the ship, the rangefinder was used to determine the distance during artillery firing and torpedo launches, as well as for navigational purposes - to measure the distance to lighthouses and other signs marked on sea maps. All optical rangefinders are divided into monocular and stereoscopic. Moreover, stereoscopic rangefinders with a base of several meters have an accuracy that is an order of magnitude higher than the accuracy of monocular ones. Therefore, stereoscopic rangefinders were used primarily in the navy, where at long distances, even a small error affected the accuracy of shooting.

One-meter stereo rangefinder ZD for small-caliber anti-aircraft artillery.

Anti-aircraft stereoscopic rangefinder ZDN with a base of 1 meter.

Rangefinder ZDN-1 with a base of 1 meter.

Anti-aircraft crew with a ZDN range finder with a base of 1 meter.

Stereoscopic rangefinder DYA-1.

DYA-1 was designed to determine the range and altitude of a target, as well as its angular coordinates (azimuth and elevation) when firing small and medium caliber anti-aircraft artillery. Base - 3 m. Measurement limits: range - from 2,000 to 50,000 m; altitudes - from 200 to 20,000 m; target elevation angle - from -4 - 00 (-24°) ​​to +15-00 (+90°). Optical characteristics of the rangefinder: magnification – 8x, field of view – 7°30′. Weight in combat position - 205 kg. DYA-1 was also used as a rangefinder-altimeter in the PUAZO-4 anti-aircraft artillery fire control device of the 1944 model.

Stereoscopic rangefinder DYA-6.

DYA-6 was designed to determine the range and altitude of a target, as well as its angular coordinates (azimuth and elevation) when firing medium and large caliber anti-aircraft artillery. Base - 4 m.

Stereo rangefinder "DM-6" (marine rangefinder with a 6-meter base).

Command and rangefinder post (KDP) from the Project 26-bis cruiser "Molotov".

The control center is one of the most important elements of the centralized fire control system for large artillery ships. With the help of rangefinders and sights located on it, the direction and distance to the target is determined, as well as to the splashes of their shells during zeroing. KDPZ-6 was equipped with three 6-meter DM-6 rangefinders and a VMC-2 central aiming sight.

Optical ship rangefinder of the “Seagull” type with a base of 12 m.

The rangefinder was intended to measure the azimuth distance of a sea target. Installed on battleships, cruisers, destroyers, monitors and gunboats. The rangefinder could have a base of 12 m or 4 m. The maximum range to a sea target is 26 km, a combat crew of 3 people.

Rangefinder of the 30th armored turret coastal battery near Sevastopol.

The 30th battery was armed with four 305 mm guns in two turrets. A rotating armored rangefinder cabin with a 10-meter stereoscopic rangefinder and a 5-meter ST-5 stereo tube was located 600 meters behind the tower blocks, on a hill. The rangefinders themselves are located inside armored pipes. After the war, a new rangefinder cabin was also installed - “RD-2-8” with two 8-meter stereo rangefinders “DMS-8”.

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What should be observed in demobilization clothing?

We also note that demobilization forms are not completely impromptu. After all, it is, after all, done by the “grandfather” (a conscript soldier who served for a year and a half). Oddly enough, when creating them, several rules must be followed:

• insignia are placed in accordance with the canons approved by the statutes;
• the creator of an exclusive form must observe moderation and taste when decorating it.

It is curious that maintaining the above-mentioned tradition was not always observed by military personnel.

The phenomenon of demobilization uniform is a plus for the army

For example, in the 1990s, memorable for the trend of negative attitudes towards the army, demobilized people went home in civilian clothes.

A paradoxical psychological tendency can be traced: if demobilizers use demobilization uniforms for the way home, then this indirectly indicates the prestige of military service.

In other words, a soldier who follows such a tradition actually demonstrates his loyalty to the army, expressing pride in the very fact of his service in a kitschy form accessible to him.

In addition to his uniform, he also takes home his demobilization album, which is both a chronology of his service and a memory of his colleagues.

The strangest and most extravagant demobilization uniforms

If you go into any search engine and try to find a demobilization uniform in it, you can find many masterpieces of design thought, both in positive and negative terms. Sometimes you just want to know whether the demobilizer actually served in the Armed Forces, and not in the sewing troops. Sometimes it reaches the point of absurdity, for example, a conscript puts on a uniform with general or even marshal shoulder straps - an unattainable dream of many officers, which they strive for for years, but only a few receive them. But there are also really chic demobilizations that will delight the eye of even a sophisticated viewer. Next, you can look at photographs of the most impressive demobilization uniforms that can only be found on the Internet.

Problem: preservation of demobilization uniform

Anyone who served in military service knows: it is not so difficult to prepare such military clothing as to preserve it. What is the problem? It exists in the case of formal relations between company officers and soldiers.

The charter gives superiors the right to monitor subordinates' compliance with the dress code. Commanders can and must periodically check the personal belongings of soldiers and sergeants, seizing items not provided for by regulations. Theoretically, demobilization uniforms also fall into the risk group. Usually, demobilization personnel store it in the company storeroom (kapterka) in their registered compartments.

And although everyone knows that a soldier will not wear such clothing during combat service, and that such violation of uniform by demobilization should not be expected, commanders often confiscate and destroy such clothing.

Is it smart in a purely human sense to put such pressure on subordinates? Not at all. Reasonable construction of superior/subordinate relationships presupposes respect for the human person. Indeed, why traumatize a person who expressed pride in his service by creating a personal uniform? A reasonable boss will try not to notice this little detail, turn a blind eye to it, warmly thank the soldier for his service, and tell the demobilized man, stunned with happiness, how to get home without any problems.

On the other hand, the confiscation of the demobilization uniform by the commander is justified if it implies obvious mockery of the regulations, a mockery of the army way of life.

The demobilization uniform is strict

Of course, this article would be incomplete without a brief description of how to make a demobilization uniform. However, there is a nuance here. After all, by and large, there are two types of such clothing:

• strict form of demobilization;
• demobilization uniform is exclusive.

Which one is preferable? There is no single answer here. Of course, this is a matter of demobilization taste. However, if the retiree has a sense of style, then we would recommend the first option. It is more restrained; it provides for individual modifications to the standard soldier's uniform, verified in practice over many generations of demobilization.

This is, for example, the classic demobilization form of air defense. We list the improvements to the strict form of demobilization:

• tunic and trousers tailored to fit in the studio (if necessary);
• an additional chevron of the military branch sewn onto the jacket;
• inserts under the shoulder straps of the jacket (the latter retain their flat shape and decorate the contour of the shoulder);
• homemade shoulder straps for a shirt (they are not provided for in the form, but craftsmen make them to their liking);
• modified shape of the “aerodrome” cap (achieved by increasing the ribbon spring inserted into the rim);
• standard military badges of the branch of service, class, sports categories, etc., arranged in the prescribed order.

By the way, according to experts, the naval demobilization uniform looks especially spectacular. Below we will tell you more about it.

Dembel uniform abroad

It is worth noting that not only in Russia the tradition of making demobilization uniforms has been preserved. In all countries of the former USSR, with the exception of the Baltic states, demobilization boots are sewn. In terms of the creation process, tailoring uniforms is no different from ours, the only difference is in the style determined by national traditions. For example, you can make an aiguillette in the colors of the national flag of your country or a vest in the shape of an embroidered shirt. All details, as usual, are limited only by the imagination of the person leaving the reserve. As in Russia, in neighboring countries over the past 27 years, the demobilization uniform has undergone serious changes. This mainly concerns more democratic countries – Ukraine and Belarus. There, conscripts, just like in Russia, can invent anything that comes to their mind, within the bounds of decency, of course.

The situation is different in some countries of Central Asia, where in fact the previous harsh regime remains. Such pretentiousness is not welcomed there, so demobilization uniforms are in fact an ordinary, improved version of the everyday uniform, with decorative elements sewn on them, without all sorts of fake medals and other trinkets.

Unique options

The exclusive demobilization uniform gives greater scope to the author's imagination. It’s much easier to go overboard here, expressing bad taste instead of originality. What can you say about her? This form of clothing is motivated to hide from the authorities. The commander is guaranteed not to understand such a flight of creative imagination.

What is she like? Firstly, it automatically includes modifications to the strict demobilization form. Secondly, it includes a number of other improvements:

• velvet-lined shoulder straps, pocket flaps, sleeves;
• replaced buttons;
• chevrons atypical for the branch of service;
• the edges of the form are trimmed with white edging;
• shoulder straps converted into epaulets;
• voluminous lining for shoulder straps;
• abundance of icons;
• aiguillettes.

Briefly about the winter version

The winter demobilization uniform additionally includes an overcoat modified with a wire comb to the state of a fur coat, judging by the length and density of the pile. It is also advisable to add an officer’s hat, scarf and leather gloves to it. Similar clothing is described in Yu. Polyakov’s story “One Hundred Days Before Dembilization.”

Let us note that such an exclusive should not be undertaken without proper taste and modesty. Everything is good in moderation. It’s bad if people start making fun of a soldier who served his Motherland with dignity. After all, as you know, people greet you by their clothes...

cap DMB Baltic Fleet black with velvet

How to determine your clothing size?

1 Chest girth When measuring chest girth, the tape should fit snugly to the body, pass along the most protruding points in front, through the armpits on the side, and wrap around the shoulder blades at the back. 2 Waist circumference
The measuring tape runs horizontally along the natural waist line, closing in front, at the most protruding point of the abdomen.
3 Hip circumference
The measuring tape runs horizontally along the most protruding points of the buttocks and thighs.

Height chart for men's clothing

Women's clothing height chart

Men's clothing

Men's shirts

Women's clothing

Women's shirts

Clothes sizes for boys and girls

How to find out your hat size?

In order not to be mistaken with the size of your headdress, measure the circumference of your head just above the tips of your ears. Compare the resulting value with the size chart of hats.

Shoe sizes

Determine your size using the following chart:

• Place your foot on a blank sheet of paper
• Mark the extreme boundaries of the foot (see picture)
• Measure the distance between the furthest points of the foot
• Find the appropriate size in the table

Demobilization uniform of sailors

Modern commodity-money relations, coupled with smartphones, provide conscripts with a service - the opportunity not to bother with the handicraft production of such clothing, but simply order the right size for themselves by choosing it on the website. There are no boundaries for perfection! Do you need a Navy demobilization uniform?

Please: Navy ceremonial flank, already equipped with a tunic, badges, and aiguillette. Made to order, plus (optional) your wishes.

The service is amazing: there is even an interest-free installment plan and (which is important for conscripts) free storage of finished products in a warehouse. Standard delivery time is 2 weeks, expedited delivery time is 1 week.

However, buying is not a trick! The thoughtful reader, of course, is interested in how the Navy demobilization uniform is made. We are quite ready to answer this question:

• the hems of pea coats, tunics, and overcoats are shortened;
• an additional chevron of the “Navy” type is sewn on, etc.;
• The naval belt plate is being finalized (the corners are ground down, a bend is given, the anchor is polished);
• the belt itself is wrinkled in a special way “like leather” and painted brown;
• shoulder straps with two capital letters of the name of the fleet are made;
• the peakless cap is given a slope, a wire rim is inserted into it for lateral curvature;
• the trousers flare downwards to the width of the shoes and taper at the hips (the latter is an immemorial naval tradition).

By the way, the demobilization uniform of the Marine Corps is similar to it. It additionally includes replacing the flannel stripes with similarly shaped fragments carved from red organic glass. Aiguillettes are additionally installed on the jacket. The vertical surface of the shoe sole was ground down until it was inclined.

Description

PU (short sight) is a Soviet optical sight, originally created in 1940, for use together with the sniper version of the Tokarev self-loading rifle (SVT-40).

Optical sight PU-1 for the Mosin Rifle Original (1943)

The design turned out to be so successful and in demand that production did not stop after the war. To this day, copies of this sight are in steady demand in Russia and abroad. Various options are produced, for example, at the Novosibirsk Instrument-Making Plant under the designation “universal sight PU 3.5x22 for the Mosin rifle.” Mosin rifle PU

Optical sight PU-1 for the Mosin Rifle Original (1943)

STORY:

It was developed at the Kharkov plant No. 3 of the People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs in 1940, and in the same year it was put into service. It was produced at two factories: in Kharkov and Leningrad (). The PU sight was produced for the sniper version of the SVT-40, but in 1942 the production of Mosin rifles mod. 1891/30. In the shortest possible time, designer D. M. Kochetov developed a new bracket for installing the PU on a three-line rifle manufactured in 1942 with the so-called “high wall” of the receiver; the vertical adjustment scale in the sights themselves was replaced. In the fall of 1942, the SVT-40 sniper rifle was discontinued, and, after testing, the “7.62-mm sniper rifle mod. 1891/30 with bracket arr. 1942 and a PU sight" (GRAU index 56-B-222A).

Optical sight PU-1 for the Mosin Rifle Original (1943)

In 1943, three more NKV plants began producing PU: No. 237 (Kazan), No. 297 (Yoshkar-Ola) and No. 393 (Krasnogorsk). By the end of the war, more than 500 thousand copies were produced. PU sights were installed on small-caliber rifles, hunting rifles, large-caliber machine guns (14.5 mm) and so on.

The design of the sight had a significant influence on many foreign developments, for example, the German optical sight Gw ZF4.

TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PU SIGHT:

Magnification factor: 3.5x Field of view: 4°30′ Exit pupil diameter: 6 mm Aperture ratio: 36 Exit pupil relief: 72 mm Length: 169 mm Weight: 270 g (Without bracket) Resolving power: 17′′

The PU optical sight of the 1942 model was intended for the Mosin sniper rifle mounted on a Kochetov bracket with a base, as well as for the Tokarev sniper rifle, in addition, it is excellent for the SKS carbine and other types of long-barreled weapons.

The PU sight is a fully functional Soviet-made rarity, produced in 1940-1945. Buying an original PU sight means touching history and becoming the owner of a compact device of excellent quality and rare reliability.

Air force demobilization uniform

The Air Force demobilization uniform is made on the basis of the field uniform. It can be purchased online by sending your measurements to the manufacturer: height, chest circumference, waist circumference, sleeve length, headdress size. The purchase is made by 100% payment, 50% prepayment and interest-free installments.

The kit of the purchased uniform includes a jacket, “modified” with blue velvet shoulder straps or chevrons attached using semi-rigid relief linings, as well as a blue improved beret.

However, the Air Force demobilization uniform can be made independently. To do this, the serviceman must purchase a set of field uniforms made from digital fabric and modify it. You will need to spend money on purchasing additional chevrons and aiguillettes at the military store. Specific flight badges and insignia should be obtained. Blue velvet is bought in a civilian retail chain.

There is one auxiliary detail for giving the ideal shape to shoulder straps, chevrons, and stripes. It is made by hand from cellophane and white fabric. This is a semi-rigid lining. To make it you need a minimum of materials: cellophane and a piece of old bleached sheet. The tools you will need are a hot iron and scissors.

The technology is simple: two layers of fabric are glued together using cellophane using a hot iron. This is followed by another layer of cellophane, fabric, etc. The product is simple, but the shoulder straps and chevrons sewn with it are not visually lost, they are accentuated and look prominent.

PECULIARITIES

• high reliability and wear resistance
• low weight - no more than 400 g without bracket
• very compact dimensions
• convenient magnification x3.5 for short and medium distances
• collector's value, original USSR
• the outer diameter of the sight tube at the mounting location of the bracket is 26.5 mm (the body for Mosin is only at the front, for SVT along the entire length)

The bodies of the PU sights for SVT and PU for the Mosin sniper rifle differ in the diameter of the part of the sight between the adjustment drums and the eyepiece.
The sight for the SVT has the same tube diameter of 26.5 mm on both sides of the correction drums, and the sight for the Mosin has a diameter of 26.5 mm only on the front part, on which the Kochetov bracket is attached (between the correction drums and the lens). This must be taken into account when choosing a sight for installation on modern brackets. PU - Short sight was created in 1940 as an optical sight for the sniper modification of the SVT-40 (Tokarev self-loading rifle). Then it was successfully used as a sight for the legendary SVM - Mosin sniper rifle (7.62-mm sniper rifle model 1891/30 with a bracket model 1942 and a PU sight, index GRAU 56-V-222A), paired with which forever went down in history, as well as in cinema and photography, and in computer games. The design of the sight turned out to be so successful and in demand that this optics was installed on a lot of other weapons, and the production of sights continued in the post-war years. In addition, copies of the PU sight are still produced and are in good demand; copies are produced by the Refinery (Novosibirsk Instrument-Making Plant).

This sight is not a copy, it is 100% original! As evidenced by all the necessary marks. The supply is limited, there are fewer and fewer Soviet sniper optics in excellent condition, so buying an original PU sight means purchasing a real high-quality working rarity, suitable also for modern weapons.

Using the GERMAN No. 1 type reticle of the PU sight to determine the distance to the target.

Distance is usually determined in mils (mil) - this is 10 cm per 100 m. In the reticle of the PU sight, the thickness of the lines on the reticle is 2 mil, that is, any object or target with dimensions of 20 cm at a distance of 100 m in the sight will correspond to the thickness of the lines. In addition, there is a “base” (the clearance between the horizontal lines), which is equal to 7 mil, that is, at a distance of 100 m it will correspond to 70 cm, which is comparable to the width of the growth figure, but somewhat less. It is generally accepted that the shoulder width is 50 cm, that is, 5 mil; an example of calculating the distance is presented in the images:

Thus, by comparing the dimensions of the object that we see in the sight and imagining its real size, we can approximately calculate at what distance it is from us. It is on this simple principle that the rangefinding properties of the PU sight reticle are based.

Buying an original PU sight means becoming the owner of an indestructible, lightweight and compact low magnification optic, perfect for most tasks.

Complete with the Kochetov bracket and the base without additional modification, the PU sight is intended only for installation on the Mosin sniper rifle; installation on other types of weapons will require mechanical processing to fit and attach the Kochetov base.

Infantry and its demobilization uniform

Demobilized infantry uniform is an outdated name. Now this branch of the army is called differently - motorized rifle. What are these clothes? Judging by the examples we saw, it is similar to the Air Force uniform described above.

The differences are predictable: instead of blue velvet, black is used, specific insignia for the branch of the military: chevrons, buttonholes, badges of military affiliation, class, etc. Instead of a blue beret, black is used. In general, the cut of the field uniform, vest, aiguillettes, and sewn trousers are identical.

Ministry of Internal Affairs and Internal Troops

The demobilization uniform of the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs differs from the military one, perhaps, only in the color of the camouflage - “numbers”. Grayish colors predominate (after all, they belong to the Ministry of Internal Affairs). Another traditional color typical of the special forces of the Ministry of Internal Affairs is maroon. Representatives of the special forces units of the Ministry of Internal Affairs are especially proud of their maroon beret. Military personnel receive it only after successfully completing quite complex qualification tests, including tough and uncompromising contact hand-to-hand combat.

For demobilization of internal troops, everything is much simpler; you just need to purchase the above-mentioned beret. After all, they have long chosen both the maroon velvet shoulder straps and the maroon velvet linings on their pockets.

The demobilization form of the Ministry of Internal Affairs (the department is the same) is similar to the Internal Troops form. But the berets here are not maroon, but intense black.

To conclude the presentation of the material in this article, let us dwell on a small detail of demobilization clothing - the collar, which soldiers also succinctly call “hemming.” It is sewn on the inside of the collar for hygiene purposes. The unwritten regulation establishes the differences between the Dukhovsky collar - “herring” - and the demobilization collar: multi-layered, with a piping sewn inside to maintain a smooth volumetric contour of the upper part of the hem. Some creative demobilizers equip the collar with informative “DMB” embroidery.