How they invented liquid gunpowder, or a kerosene machine gun

Gunpowder is a drug; people addicted to chemical substances use it to achieve a state of euphoria, a high and a break from reality. Jeff's drug works in a similar way to amphetamine, but is much cheaper. Therefore, it is often used by people who do not have money. Gunpowder is a psychotropic drug made from ephedrine and a mixture of other psychotropic substances produced in an artisanal way. In a short period of time, this substance can kill the functioning of the central nervous system and causes rapid dependence on gunpowder. At the beginning of the 20th century, the substance ephedrine was used in small dosages as a medicine against gluttony and epilepsy, but later people began to significantly exceed the dose of the drug and use it to obtain euphoria. It was then that the substance gunpowder got its name in drug slang. Due to the strong stimulating effect, the narcotic substance gunpowder made from ephedrine became very common among young people and students who wanted to get a state of euphoria and just relax.

The drug is produced using several methods:

• from natural raw materials;
• from medicines.

The drug is often prepared at home, and it is this fact that makes the use of this substance even more dangerous, because an ephedrine derivative can be easily obtained from some pharmaceutical drugs. It is also important that the person who prepares the dose of gunpowder may incorrectly calculate the dose of the psychotropic substance and this leads the user to serious poisoning and overdose. When the drug is ready, it looks like a white or pink powder and smells very unpleasant and strong. Most often, the addict uses this drug intravenously, but it also happens that the smoking mixture is mixed with tobacco or inhaled. When finished, gunpowder looks like a white or pink powder. It has a strong specific smell. A gunpowder addict needs to use the drug 2 to 15 times to form a serious addiction.

Content:

1. Composition and appearance of gunpowder
2. Manifestations of drug intoxication from ephedrone
3. Signs of gunpowder drug use
4. Consequences of taking gunpowder
5. Principles of treating gunpowder addiction

The psychoactive drug made from ephedrine and some other psychoactive compounds is called methcathinone, or in street slang the drug gunpowder, mulka, jeff or chicha.
The drug is made from chemical or natural raw materials; it is possible to obtain the product even in artisanal conditions. Therefore, the psychostimulant is distinguished by its cheapness and availability. Methcathinone is very popular among youth and students, since this category of the population rarely has enough money to buy more expensive drugs. Along with a strong stimulating effect, the drug is very toxic, has many side effects, and causes persistent addiction.

How to make gunpowder

The composition of this homemade drug is dangerous, first of all, due to the inclusion of a large number of various impurities . Ephedrone itself is isolated through artisanal production. This wisdom is readily taught to beginners by more “advanced” and experienced drug addicts. Potassium permanganate is often used in the manufacture of gunpowder.

The drug gunpowder is dangerous due to various additional additives that are used in its manufacture. All these inclusions are much more “deadly” in their effects than the base itself (ephedron).

Gunpowder is not just a “dirty” drug, it is also extremely insidious. Susceptibility to this substance begins to rapidly fall from the very first dose, provoking a constant increase in it. And this leads to rapid and colossal intoxication of the body. In our country, ephedron addiction ranks third, behind cannabinoid and opioid addiction.

To understand what gunpowder looks like, take a look at the following photo:

Gunpowder drug

Composition and appearance of gunpowder

The main raw material for production is ephedrine. This psychoactive alkaloid is obtained from the ephedra plant, which can be found in the mountainous areas of Central Asia, Transbaikalia, and western Siberia. The compound is also included in many pharmacological drugs.

For synthesis, an oxidative reaction is used, which results in methcathinone (ephedrine). When finished, the substance looks like a white or slightly pink powder, a crystalline composition or a colorless solution. The resulting substance has an unpleasant and pungent odor.

The danger of artisanal production is the inability to determine the composition and dosage of the constituent components, as well as the presence of toxic impurities in the finished product. This often causes severe poisoning and overdose.

The method of application depends on the shape and structure of the compound. It is mainly administered intravenously, but can sometimes be mixed with smoking mixtures or inhaled. This affects the speed and duration of action, but the effect of administration does not differ from the method of use.

Digital designations for Sunar gunpowder

Most hunters who first became acquainted with Sunar gunpowder may mistakenly assume that the digital designations used in product names indicate the recommended shot load, as is observed in gunpowders from others (Irbis). However, in the case of the Sunar, this marking does not always indicate the weight of the projectile. Sometimes we can talk about the type of material that is used to create cartridges recommended for equipping with a particular gunpowder. Here are some examples:

1. “Sunar-42”, “Sunar-46” or “Sunar-50” - are used to equip folder or plastic sleeves made of polyethylene. The difference between the presented brands is the grain size - the higher the number, the longer the cylinder. “Sunar-42” will burn the fastest, accordingly, it will give the best combat sharpness and bullet speed.
2. “Sunar-20” or “Sunar-24” are used mainly in disposable folder (cardboard) cartridges, which athletes love to use for target practice shooting. The weight of gunpowder and shot in such shells should be minimal, so they are extremely rarely used for hunting animals (except to shoot snipe).
3. "Sunar-32" or "Sunar-35" is a universal product that is suitable for equipping both plastic and lead cartridges. Such varieties are popular mainly among hunting enthusiasts. However, due to the high combustion rate, the deviation from the recommended weight should be minimal (no more than 0.05 grams).

Sunar-32 has a high combustion rate.
If you are looking for gunpowder for loading cartridges with various fractions of shot, then Sunar-32 is best suited for this purpose, since it has a very high combustion rate, but the granules are small in size, which is why the density of the combustible product in the cartridge case remains minimal . Thanks to this feature, the weight of shot in such a cartridge can vary from 28 to 36 grams.

The larger the particle size of the gunpowder, the less noise the cartridge will make when fired. Thus, “Sunar-410” is considered the “quiest” gunpowder, since it has the lowest combustion rate, but “Sunar-50” is not far behind it. But the Sunar-20 makes the most noise. Although this gunpowder has a fairly sharp fire, its combustion rate is so high that it is impossible to shoot at a shooting range without special headphones.

Manifestations of drug intoxication from ephedrone

The intake of the drug causes an increased release of dopamine and norepinephrine, affects the activation of metabolic processes, which provides a psychostimulating effect and a high from the drug.

Already 15 minutes after taking the dose, you feel relaxed, warmth spreading throughout the body, euphoria and joy. The person becomes talkative, and worries and problems fade into the background. There is a surge of energy, increased performance and physical activity, and increased sexual desire.

Along with the stimulating effect, taking gunpowder causes surges in blood pressure and heart rate. The addict cannot concentrate or complete the work he has begun; his statements become incoherent and confused.

The movement of methcathinone throughout the body when administered intravenously begins from the circulatory system, and when inhaled and smoked, from the respiratory organs. With the first method, it only takes a few seconds for the toxins to reach the brain and then spread throughout the body. Decay products are retained for about 12 hours and excreted through the kidneys.

Therefore, all organs and systems suffer from the negative effects of ephedrone. After the “arrival” ends, the person’s condition worsens:

• lethargy and indifference;
• depression and irritability;
• metallic taste in the mouth;
• attacks of nausea and vomiting;
• digestive disorders;
• chest pain;
• pressure surges and breathing failures;
• tremors and spasms of the limbs;
• hallucinations and depression.

The drug addict exhibits inappropriate behavior and suicidal tendencies. Only the next dose of the drug helps improve the condition and return to previous activity.

What to expect

The consequences of addiction to ephedrine drugs affect almost all internal systems and organs. In the most common cases it is noted:

• complete tooth decay;
• profound disorders in the functioning of the central nervous system;
• serious problems with heart function;
• premature and rapid aging of the body.

In every third case, the addict experiences intoxication psychosis . This condition occurs in the form of paranoia. And in this case, when the next dose is administered, instead of relaxation, the addict experiences completely different sensations: anxiety, fear, a feeling of death. Then delusional states, hallucinations, and persecution mania develop. Being under such influence, a drug addict poses a threat to himself and others.

When using homemade gunpowder, the addict rapidly experiences personality changes. They appear in the following form:

• constant deceit;
• external sloppiness;
• emotional rudeness;
• decline in working capacity.

Then there is a persistent decline in intelligence and memory. During this period, the addict quits work, school, and begins to steal. If potassium permanganate was used in the production of gunpowder, there is a high chance of getting encephalopathy.

Encephalopathy is a persistent brain lesion that occurs against the background of massive death of brain cells.

Ephedrine-based drugs destroy the entire human body

Long-term use of gunpowder affects the somatic state of a person. The addict suffers from enterocolitis and chronic gastritis. When the structures of the cardiac system are damaged, myocardial dystrophy develops. Women have to experience amenorrhea and men become impotent.

Signs of gunpowder drug use

Due to the fact that the drug is very toxic and poses a serious threat to health and life, starting treatment in the early stages is important. People addicted to methcathinone rarely recognize the problem on their own and seek medical help.

Therefore, the task of family and friends is to identify addiction in time and sound the alarm. It is not difficult to recognize a drug addict by the following manifestations:

• restless and anxious behavior;
• sleep disorders;
• muscle cramps;
• tremor of hands and feet;
• severe migraines;
• attacks of aggression;
• psychotic states;
• squeezing pain in the chest area.

A “powder” addict experiences red spots on the skin, dilated pupils, lack of eye reaction to light, and a significant increase in temperature and pressure. If you have the slightest suspicion about the addiction of your relative or friend, then immediately contact a drug treatment clinic.

Powder and shot weighing

The ballistics of the shot will depend not only on what gunpowder you choose to load your cartridges with, but also on what load you choose. Well, the mass of gunpowder and shot depends on the caliber of the cartridge used for the equipment. Considering that the combinations between different types of powders, shot weights and case sizes can be very different, we have compiled several tables that list the optimal parameters for equipping 12, 16 and 20 caliber projectiles.

Attachment for 12 gauge

12-gauge cartridges are popular mainly among hunters (both professionals and amateurs). Using the attachment described in the table below, such ammunition is suitable for hunting ducks and geese, as well as for hunting elk or wild boar. The most important thing is to choose the optimal fraction number, and also follow the recommendations from the manufacturer:

As for 12-gauge cartridges intended for training shooting, it is best to use fast-burning gunpowder “Sunar-20” or “Sunar-24” to equip them. The recommended weight depends on what ballistic performance the athlete wants to achieve. However, it is usually 28 grams of shot and 1.6 grams of gunpowder.

Attachment for 16 gauge

Despite the fact that 16-gauge has recently begun to lose its popularity, some hunters still use such guns to hunt animals. The load in such cartridges should be somewhat smaller than in 12-gauge ammunition, but not as small as in 20-gauge shells. Here is the table recommended by the manufacturer:

Such ammunition is used mainly for catching medium-sized fur-bearing animals and shooting large birds. When equipped with cartridges taking into account the maximum load, you can also hunt small deer. However, if the mass of a mammal is more than 200 kilograms, then this is already work for 12-gauge cartridges.

Sunar 42 is used when hunting big game.

Attachment for 20 gauge

20 gauge cartridges are very popular among both athletes and hunters. The latter can use the table below to equip ammunition to hunt the beast. Of course, it is best to hunt medium and small game birds with such ammunition, but if the cartridge is equipped with the maximum load, it is also suitable for shooting fur-bearing animals:

But for athletes who prefer to use 20-caliber shotguns, it is best to give preference to Sunar-46 or Sunar-50 gunpowder, and also purchase cheap folder cartridges. At the same time, the recommended shot weight for such shells is no more than 23 grams, and the mass of gunpowder is no more than 1.5 grams.

To load cartridges sharpened for shooting from small-caliber rifles (28, 32, 36), you can safely use Sunar-410 gunpowder. The mass of the ballistic projectile and gunpowder in this case is usually calculated individually. For example, for hunting hazel grouse with a 410 caliber cartridge, the shot weight is 20 grams, and the gunpowder weight is 1.4 grams.

Consequences of taking gunpowder

The use of ephedrone affects the central nervous system, heart, blood vessels, digestive organs, and immune defense. But first of all, the psycho-emotional state suffers from the toxic influence.

Many addicts develop intoxication psychosis, which is characterized by excessive anxiety, delusions of persecution and aggression. Such complications can be dangerous for the patient himself and his immediate environment. Moral principles are changing, and social alienation is observed.

A person under constant psychostimulating effects stops paying attention to the appearance and opinions of others. He looks sloppy and untidy, his behavior becomes inappropriate, and his actions become incomprehensible to other people. A drug addict's mental abilities decrease and he loses interest in his previous hobbies and activities. In life, there is only one goal for him - the search for the next portion of gunpowder.

Among the severe consequences for physical health, it is necessary to note:

• liver and kidney failure;
• digestive disorders;
• depression of respiratory functions, up to respiratory arrest;
• tachycardia and myocardial infarction;
• sexual dysfunction;
• infectious diseases: AIDS, hepatitis;
• cirrhosis and liver necrosis.

With systematic use of the narcotic substance gunpowder, the likelihood of death from severe poisoning, overdose, failure of vital internal organs and suicide increases several times. To avoid such disastrous consequences, you need to contact specialists as early as possible.

Historical excursion

Ancient world

The history of the creation of gunpowder is not reliably known. According to some sources, it was used in ancient India around the 15th century BC. According to other sources, this explosive was developed by the Chinese in the 1st century AD. Moreover, it was originally intended not for military purposes, but for medical purposes. A mixture of saltpeter and honey was set on fire, producing “medicinal” smoke.

However, the generally accepted opinion is that gunpowder was invented later. Presumably it was first invented by the Chinese alchemist Sun Simiao in the 7th century. As a result of mixing saltpeter, sulfur and locus tree bark and heating the mixture in a crucible, an unusually powerful flash of flame occurred. This fact led the alchemist to think about the possibility of using the substance for pyrotechnic purposes.

Gunpowder began to be used to organize fireworks. This material was poured into bamboo and then set on fire, pointing the stems into the sky. There are also references to the use of gunpowder for military purposes: bombs were made with its help. Bombing was carried out using a catapult.

Appearance in Europe

Over time, the secret of gunpowder production spread throughout the world. First, the Indians mastered its production, then the Arabs, and finally the technology reached Europe. Moreover, the Europeans rethought the very idea of ​​​​using gunpowder, starting to use the power of gas to launch projectiles.

There are other theories regarding the appearance of gunpowder in Europe. According to them, the method of its manufacture was invented by the Europeans themselves. According to some reports, the championship belongs to the Englishman Roger Bacon; he invented the first gunpowder known in Europe and mentioned this substance in his scientific work of 1242. Be that as it may, gunpowder was not actively used in those days.

In the 14th century, the second “invention” of gunpowder occurred. This time it was associated with the name of the famous alchemist - Berthold Schwartz. The discovery took place, as often happens, by chance. When mechanically applied to a mixture of saltpeter, coal and sulfur, it ignited. It is believed that Schwartz first introduced the idea of ​​​​using gunpowder in artillery.

In 1346, the British first used gunpowder artillery charges in battle against the French. A charge was placed in the cannon, the fuse protruded outward, and there was a core (stone or metal) in the barrel. The lit fuse transferred the fire to the gunpowder, causing the gases to push the cannonball out. The use of such charges in artillery radically changed the nature of warfare.

At the end of the 19th century, the French chemist Viel developed smokeless pyroxylin gunpowder. In 1888, Alfred Nobel created a recipe for ballistic gunpowder. A year later, cordite gunpowder was invented in England.

Gunpowder in Russia

In 1887–1891 Russian chemist-inventor Mendeleev developed pyrocollodion gunpowder. Mikhailo Lomonosov also contributed to the technology even earlier.

The production of powder substances began in the 15th century, when the first enterprises of this profile opened in Russia. The industry developed especially rapidly under Peter I, who founded three large factories in St. Petersburg and its environs.

Modern production

Currently, gunpowder is still widely used in various fields, primarily military. The available varieties are usually divided into the following categories according to their chemical composition:

1. Mixed species. These include smoky (aka black) gunpowder.
2. Aluminum. A variety of mixed compositions.
3. Nitrocellulose (smokeless) varieties. The group includes pyroxylin, ballistite and cordite gunpowder.

Principles of treating gunpowder addiction

Relatives and friends of an ephedrone addict need to understand that they must give up the addiction on their own. Only comprehensive medical measures with the participation of narcologists, psychotherapists, psychologists, physiotherapists, and rehabilitation specialists can help overcome unhealthy cravings.

All stages of treatment must take place in a hospital setting under the supervision of experienced specialists. A full-fledged program of medical care for overcoming addiction to gunpowder includes several stages:

1. Detoxification and withdrawal symptoms involve cleansing the body of toxic decay products using infusion-drip techniques or hardware methods: hemosorption, plasmapheresis, forced diuresis, hemodialysis. To relieve withdrawal symptoms, painkillers and symptomatic medications are used.
2. Drug therapy is aimed at overcoming concomitant ailments and complications caused by the consumption of a psychostimulant. The basis of this treatment are pharmacological agents: sedatives, nootropics, sedatives, antidepressants, tranquilizers, hepatoprotectors.
3. Psychotherapeutic support helps to determine persistent motivation, overcome mental disorders, and develop a focus on a healthy future without psychostimulation.
4. Auxiliary methods are in addition to the main treatment plan. Doctors prescribe electrical stimulation, acupuncture, physiotherapy, and massage.
5. Rehabilitation is an integral part of medical interventions to cure addiction. Staying in a specialized center protects the patient from possible relapses and a return to the drug past.

Numerous forecasts from narcologists are generally not very favorable for “powder” drug addicts. This is especially true for teenagers with their emotional and psychological instability and physically unformed bodies. Such patients experience short periods of remission and low ability to socially adapt.

Therefore, it is very important to begin treatment when the first symptoms of gunpowder drug addiction are detected in order to protect the victim from the harmful consequences of taking a psychoactive drug.

What are the forecasts

Dependence on artisanal ephedrone is one of the most unfavorable and malignant . In most cases, this is explained by the young age of drug addicts, their emotional, volitional and psychological immaturity. Associated pathologies based on long-term use of gunpowder - HIV, hepatitis - also play a major role.

If you have severe infections, the chances of completely getting rid of ephedrine addiction are significantly reduced.

In general, narcologists give unfavorable prognoses for these patients. Such addicts are characterized by stable social decompensation and short periods of remission. Such conditions persist even after complete cessation of drug use.

Literature:

1. Mikhailov, Mikhail Albertovich. Psychopathological structure and dynamics of acute ephedron-“pervitin” and opium intoxication: abstract of dissertation. ... Candidate of Medical Sciences: 14.00.45, 14.00.18 / Institute of Clinical Medicine. Narcology Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. – Moscow, 2002. – 22 p.
2. Ivanova, Eva Borisovna. Socio-demographic, clinical and statistical patterns and prevention of ephedrone addiction: abstract of thesis. ... candidate of medical sciences: 14.00.45 / St. Petersburg State. honey. University named after I. P. Pavlova. – St. Petersburg, 2000. – 22 p.
3. Drugs and drug addiction: history, background, consequences / City Hall of Yaroslavl, City Scientific and Methodological Center for Social Policy; [under. ed. S.V. Zueva]. – Yaroslavl: City Scientific and Methodological Center for Social Policy, 2007. – 55 p.
4. Egorov, Alexey Yurievich. Identification of psychoactive substance abuse among children and adolescents / A. Yu. Egorov, A. A. Dreizin. – Kaliningrad: Publishing house Kaliningr. state University, 2005. – 155 p.

Characteristics of gunpowder

A few words about the ballistic characteristics that Sunar gunpowder boasts. Here are three important points to pay attention to:

1. Pressure. Considering that the combustion rate of Sunar gunpowder is on average 10% higher than that of Sokol, the pressure from the shot will be approximately 10% less. This is especially noticeable in the “Sunar-20” and “Sunar-24” gunpowders, which have the highest burning rate.
2. Ballistic projectile speed. The rate of combustion of gunpowder also affects the initial speed of the bullet. For a 12-caliber bullet equipped with maximum load, this figure is 720 m/s, and for a 410-caliber bullet - 320 m/s.
3. Accuracy of battle. Provided that the 12-gauge cartridge is properly loaded, this figure is 55% when shooting from 35 meters (10-15% less than the Falcon). Gunpowders "Sunar-20" and "Sunar-24" perform a little better - 60% when shooting from 35 meters.

The characteristics of the battle depend on the climatic conditions in which the shooting is carried out. These parameters were measured at the shooting range, but outdoors may vary. In the winter season, the manufacturer recommends using shells with reinforced weights, since gunpowder has a lower combustion rate. If you are already using the maximum weight, then it is recommended to switch to gunpowder marked “N”, for example, “Sunar-35N”. This product is similar to Sunar-35, but has a smaller volume, which allows you to pour a larger amount of gunpowder into the cartridge case.

How they invented liquid gunpowder, or a kerosene machine gun

In the summer of 1942, in the village of Bilimbae, a group of engineers from an aircraft plant evacuated from Moscow tried (privately) to find a means of significantly increasing muzzle velocities, and therefore the armor-piercing power of bullets and shells.

These engineers graduated from the Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics of Moscow State University, had a satisfactory knowledge of mathematics and mechanics, but in the field of firearms they were, to put it mildly, amateurs. This is probably why they came up with a weapon that “shoots kerosene”, because if a decent artilleryman told him this, it would only make him smile.

First, the long-known circuit of an electric gun in the form of two solenoids, a stationary part—the barrel—and a moving part—the projectile—was subjected to calculations. The resulting power requirements were such that the size and weight of the capacitor grew unacceptably. The electric gun idea was rejected.

Then one of these engineers, who had previously worked at the rocket research institute in S.P. Korolev’s group on powder cruise missiles and knew about the regressiveness of the pressure curve of powder gases in the rocket chamber and the bore of a weapon (at the RNII he sometimes leafed through Serebryakov’s “Internal Ballistics”), proposed to construct a weapon loaded with ordinary gunpowder, but with a charge distributed along the bore in separate chambers communicating with the channel. It was assumed that as the projectile moves along the barrel, the charges in the chambers will begin to ignite in turn and maintain the pressure in the space behind the projectile at an approximately constant level. This was supposed to increase the work of the powder gases and increase the muzzle velocity while maintaining the same barrel length and the maximum permissible pressure in it.

It turned out to be cumbersome, inconvenient to use, dangerous, etc., as a result of which the scheme was also rejected. After the war, in some magazine or newspaper there was a photograph of such a gun, created by the Germans and, apparently, also rejected.

Our efforts reached a dead end, but chance came to the rescue. One day, on the shore of the factory pond, a liquid-propellant rocket engine, being tested at a neighboring plant, by chief designer Viktor Fedorovich Bolkhovitinov, rumbled, where BI-1, the first fighter with a rocket engine in the USSR, was then being created.

The roar of the rocket propeller gave us the idea of ​​using liquid rocket fuel instead of gunpowder in a firearm, with its continuous injection into the space behind the projectile throughout the entire duration of the shot.

The idea of ​​“liquid gunpowder” also attracted inventors because the specific energy intensity of known liquid mixtures, say kerosene with nitric acid, significantly exceeded the energy intensity of gunpowder.

The problem arose of injecting liquid into a space where the pressure reached several thousand atmospheres. Memory came to the rescue. Once upon a time one of us read a book translated from English by P.W. Bridgman's "high pressure physics", which describes devices for experiments with liquids under pressure of tens and even hundreds of thousands of atmospheres. Using some of Bridgman's ideas, we came up with a scheme for supplying liquid fuel to a high-pressure area by the force of that same pressure.

Having found schematic solutions to the main issues, we began to design liquid weapons (unfortunately, immediately automatic) for the finished barrel of the Degtyarev anti-tank rifle of 14.5 mm caliber. We carried out detailed calculations, in which invaluable assistance was provided by my now deceased friend at the RNII, a prominent scientist-engineer Evgeniy Sergeevich Shchetinkoe, who then worked at the V.f. Bolkhovitinov Design Bureau. The calculations gave encouraging results. We quickly produced drawings for a “liquid automatic weapon” (LWW) and put it into production. Fortunately, one of the co-authors of the invention was the director and chief designer of our plant, so the prototype was produced very quickly. Due to the lack of standard PTRD bullets, they sharpened homemade ones made of red copper, loaded the weapon with them, and on March 5, 1943, in a shooting range made up of the casings of destroyed cupola furnaces (the aircraft plant was located on the territory of a former pipe foundry machine gun. An automatic burst of shots should have followed, equal to the number of bullets , enclosed in the magazine box. But there was no follow-up. There was only one, judging by the sound, a full-fledged shot.

It turned out that the column of bullets in the barrel was subjected to such gas pressure from the side of the projectile space that the mechanism for automatically feeding bullets and the liquid fuel component jammed.

The mistake of the inventors, who decided to immediately create a machine gun to finalize the single-shot system, was noted in his (mostly positive) review of the invention by the deputy. Chairman of Artkom, Lieutenant General E.A. Berkalov. We immediately took this into account.

The red copper bullet from the first liquid shot penetrated an 8mm steel plate and lodged in the brickwork against which the plate was leaning. The diameter of the hole significantly exceeded the caliber of the bullet and from the side of impact, clearly visible in the photo, there was a crown of steel splashing towards the bullet, which reformed into a “mushroom”. Artillery scientists decided that the splash of material at the entrance of the bullet into the plate should apparently be explained by the high speed of the encounter, as well as the mechanical properties of the plate and bullet.

A model of the weapon from which, according to artillery scientists, the first shot in history with liquid “gunpowder” was fired, is stored in the plant museum.

After the first, not entirely successful (the machine gun did not work) test of a liquid automatic weapon on March 5, 1943, we began testing a shot from a PTRD with a unitary cartridge, filled with liquid components of fuel and oxidizer instead of gunpowder. For a long time they shot with homemade copper bullets, but with the return of the plant from evacuation in the summer of 1943 to Moscow, with the help of Central Committee workers I.D. Serbin and A.F. Fedotikov, received a sufficient number of standard anti-tank rifle cartridges and began firing “liquid gunpowder” at the armor plates with armor-piercing incendiary bullets. Having brought the thickness of the pierced plates to 45 mm, with a charge of 4 grams of kerosene and 15 grams of nitric acid, instead of 32 grams of the standard powder charge, we compiled a detailed report and sent it to Stalin.

Soon, an interdepartmental meeting was held in the People's Commissariat of Armaments, chaired by General A.A. Tolochkov, with the participation of representatives of the People's Commissariat of Aviation Industry, Arms, Ammunition and the Artillery Committee. A decision was made: NKAL - to submit to the People's Commissariat of Armaments working drawings and technical specifications for the manufacture of a pilot plant for studying the internal ballistics of liquid weapons; The People's Commissariat of Armaments is to manufacture a device at one of its factories and transfer it to the People's Commissariat of Ammunition for research. As far as I remember, the meeting entrusted the general scientific management of all the work to Artcom.

...Time has passed. And one day, after a whole series of approvals, connections with the plant, with the Research Institute of the People's Commissariat of Ammunition, we finally received an invitation for one of the employees of this research institute, Comrade Dobrysh, to defend his PhD thesis on the topic “Internal ballistics of a gun...” (followed by the name of one of the inventors - according to the tradition of gunsmiths: “Mosin rifle”, “Kalashnikov assault rifle”, “Makarov pistol”, etc.). The defense was successful. The authors of the invention were mentioned in the report, and the applicant noted their merit. More years passed, about ten years after the invention of ZhAO, the authors were invited to defend their second dissertation. This time, Adjunct of the Art Academy, Lieutenant Colonel I.D. Zuyanov on a topic with a title approximately - “Theoretical and experimental studies of artillery systems using liquid explosive mixtures.” The authors of the invention were pleased to read I.D.’s dissertation in the abstract. Zuyanoea their names, remembered with a kind word. The applicant’s thesis supervisor was Professor I.P. Grave.

The secretary of the party committee of our plant, N.I., also came to defend his dissertation. Shishkov. A. A. Tolochkov after the debate, after the speech of Professor I.P. Grave gets up and says that the founders of liquid weapons are in the hall and that he asks one of us to share with the scientific council information about how we started our brainchild. The people applauded in unison, and our comrade, to whom we had whispered instructions to speak as best he could, lost his soul. But there was nothing to do, he went and spent about twenty minutes talking about how, where and why the idea of ​​liquid weapons was born and how it was realized at its initial stage. Presumably, dissertations vols. Dobrysha and Zuyanova are stored in the archives of the Higher Attestation Commission, and our report, with all our “drawings, calculations and results of firing kerosene-acid charges, sent to Stalin, lies in another archive, perhaps Artkom. I hope that the minutes of the meeting held by A.A. are also alive. Tolochkov in the People's Commissariat of Armaments.

We don’t know what the future fate of our invention is, but we know from foreign open press that since the 70s, many patents and works have appeared in the USA, England and France on the topic of liquid fuel firearms.

Persons known to me who contributed to the work on liquid weapons, in alphabetical order: Baydakv G.I. - director of a branch of the aircraft plant mentioned above. Berkalov. E.A. - Lieutenant General, Deputy Chairman of Artcom, Grave I.P. - Major General, Professor of the Art Academy, G.E. Griichenko - plant turner, Dryazgov M.P. - beginning brigades of the plant's design bureau, Efimov A.G. - factory turner. Zhuchkov D.A - head. laboratories of the plant, Zuyanov I.D - lieutenant colonel, adjunct of the Art Academy, Karimova XX - calculation engineer of the plant's design bureau, Kuznetsov E.A - design engineer of the plant's design bureau, Lychov VT. - factory mechanic, Postoya Ya" - factory mechanic, Privalov A.I. - director and public designer of the plant, Serbian Publishing House - employee of the Central Committee of the party, Sukhov A.N. - plant mechanic, AA Tolochkov - major general, deputy. prev NTK of the People's Commissariat of Armaments, Fedotikov A.F. - employee of the party Central Committee, Shchetknkov E.S. - chemical safety engineer at the aircraft plant, headed by V.F. Bolkhovitinov.

M. DRYAZGOV, laureate of the USSR State Prize

PS Everything would be fine... But it turns out that many years ago, Lieutenant Colonel I.D. Zuyanov, who became a candidate of sciences for the ZhAO, discovered that his dissertation in the archives of the Higher Attestation Commission was obscenely worn out. That is, someone studied it. Who is not established. And you can’t ask Lieutenant Colonel Zuyanov, he’s dead.

Homeopathy

My report will be devoted to a drug that until today was little known to you, namely black powder, also known as gun powder.

, which almost everyone has heard of, but few people use. The two largest Ukrainian homeopathic pharmacies, namely the Odessa Homeopathic Pharmacy and the Kiev Lucky Pharma, together sold about 50 packages of the drug in potencies from 6D to 1000C over the past two years, and the Pyatigorsk Gutta is, as far as I know, the only pharmacy in Russia, which prepares the black powder preparation, and which also sends homeopathic medicines to Belarus and Kazakhstan - about 25 packages over the same period of time. That is, the quantities of the drug sold are absolutely insignificant, and probably some Latin American beetle with symptoms obtained from the meditative proving of two people, or a drug whose properties were determined by divination on the Periodic Table, is prescribed in quantities that are immeasurably larger. I hope that upon completion of my report you will consider adding this drug to your arsenal, but in a few years, who knows? - repeat, paraphrasing Winston Churchill, who said about British military pilots that “never in the history of human conflicts have so many been indebted to so few,” and never in the history of homeopathy have so many been indebted for the healing of so many - a simple and accessible medicine, whose entire fault until now was only in his lack of fame.

What is gunpowder? This is a complex solid explosive mixture; gunpowder belongs to the class of propellant explosives. The history of the discovery and use of gunpowder is quite interesting in itself, but this is not the subject of my report. I will just mention that the birthplace of gunpowder is China, where the basis of gunpowder, saltpeter (in the broad sense of the word, by saltpeter we mean minerals containing nitrates of alkali and alkaline earth metals and ammonium, in the narrow sense - potassium nitrate), has been known since the 1st century. n. e., and was used mainly for medical purposes. The first mention of an explosive mixture vaguely reminiscent of gunpowder dates back to the 8th century, and to the middle of the 11th century. Gunpowder is already well known, and recipes for its production are mentioned in one military treatise. From China, gunpowder comes to the Middle East, from there to Europe, where it becomes known in the middle of the 14th century, and almost until the very end of the 19th century. The same black, or as it is also called, smoky, gunpowder is used with slight modifications. Then new varieties of gunpowder appear and have since been used, which no longer have the slightest relation to the topic of my report.

The ingredients of black powder are potassium nitrate, sulfur and charcoal; potassium nitrate is an oxidizing agent (promotes rapid combustion), charcoal is combustible (oxidizable by an oxidizing agent), and sulfur is an additional component (just like coal, being a fuel in the reaction, it improves ignition due to its low ignition temperature). This is purely background information so you know what chemical compounds we are talking about. Before us is a mixture that includes substances well known to us from Materia Medica - Kali Nitricum, Carbo Vegetabilis and Sulfur, all three are powerful and exceptionally deeply effective homeopathic medicines known to us. By combining three drugs, the result is something original and, in a certain sense, unexpected.

We associate the use of gunpowder in homeopathy with the name of Dr. John Henry Clarke, one of the most famous homeopaths. Since we are already talking about him, I will talk briefly about this man so as not to return to him tomorrow in my report on homeopathic literature. Henry James Clark, born in 1853 and died in 1931, was one of the most prolific writers in the history of homeopathy, and wrote not only about homeopathy. He is surpassed, I think, by one Georg Heinrich Gottlieb Jahr (1800-1875), whose gigantic literary heritage amounts to about 250 works, among them a huge number not related to homeopathy (information from “Faces of Homeopathy” by Julian Winston, I quote it here without comment - Most of Yahr's works were never translated into English and therefore remained unknown to the general reader). It must be said that Clark’s fertility is exceptional. He authored 25 works on various aspects of the history, theory and practice of homeopathy, including Materia Medica (especially the gigantic Dictionary of Practical Materia Medica), repertories, books on the treatment of individual diseases, polemics, biographical sketches of famous English homeopaths Thomas Skinner (1825-1906) ) and James Compton Burnett (1840-1901) - Clark’s essay about the latter is available on the “1796” website, and he also managed to become famous in the field of anti-Semitism (according to Wikipedia, he was the most prominent anti-Semite in Great Britain), simultaneously hated the Germans and believed that they are related to the Jews, and the latter prompted the former to start the First World War in order to destroy Christian civilization in England; Until his death, he was vice-president and treasurer of the Britons, later to become the British Union of Fascists, which aimed to force all Jews in England to emigrate to Palestine. Clark was a fan of racial and conspiracy theories, to which he dedicated four books, written from 1917 to 1923, wrote two books about the poet William Blake (1757-1827), whose poetry he fell in love with towards the end of his life - in short, Clark’s literary heritage totals over 30 books. In addition, in 1885, he accepted the post of editor of the journal Homoeopathic World from James Compton Burnett and remained there until 1908, when, due to disagreement with the policy of approving vaccinations, he left it for 15 years, returning to this post only in 1923, and in total he headed the magazine, which was at that time probably the best homeopathic journal in Great Britain, for 29 years. For the first 10 years of the 20th century. English homeopathy lost almost all of its most famous homeopaths - Compton Burnett, Hughes, Cooper, Skinner, Dudgeon, Dice-Brown died one after another, and the next generation (Wheeler, Tyler, Weir, Boland) was just approaching, and Clarke was at that time the most famous and in many ways the most influential English homeopath. It’s interesting how one person sometimes combines seemingly completely incompatible things. His student and close friend was the German emigrant J. Ellis Barker (1870-1948), who was on the other side of the political barricades, and after Clark’s death in November 1931, he headed Homyopathic World in the spring of 1932 and remained in this post until his last days . Clarke made great efforts to popularize homeopathy among the general public, rejecting the traditional aristocratic image of the former in England, and it was largely thanks to him, and then Ellis Barker, that homeopathy stayed afloat in Great Britain in the first half of the last century.

Of the 25 homeopathic books that I mentioned, two small works are devoted to individual medicines. These are “Radium as an Internal Remedy” (1908) and “Gunpowder as a Military Medicine” (1915). These drugs, which Clark wanted to popularize, are unfortunately used in homeopathy today much less than they deserve.

We find the first mention of gunpowder in Volume II of the Dictionary of Practical Materia Medica (1900). It was an impressive three-volume work, which Clark said he wrote to save himself time in the future. The Dictionary remains to this day one of the most comprehensive guides to materia medica. In it, Clark quoted extensively from clinical information obtained at Cooper Club dinners, primarily from Burnett and Cooper. This book is also available in Russian, published in the Moscow “Homeopathic Medicine” 10 years ago, and I took a quote from it. In the chapter on Kali Nitricum

Clark writes:

Saltpeter with sulfur and charcoal is part of gunpowder for guns. A full teaspoon of this mixture, diluted in hot water, was a favorite remedy for gonorrhea among soldiers in the days when black powder was still used. In low dilutions it was used to treat ascariasis in adults. In some experiments I conducted on myself with gun powder

2X developed severe herpes affecting the right eyebrow and the right half of the nose.

Clark later reported that the information that prompted him to prove on himself was shared with him by Robert Cooper (1844-1903), “an indefatigable explorer of untrodden paths in medicine.” About the Cooper Club, which originally included Cooper, Skinner and Burnett, and later joined by Clarke, followed by Charles Wheeler, Margaret Tyler and Sir John Weir (the same one who treated six monarchs), which existed until 1914, you can read on the “1796” website.

What is interesting for us here is that a little earlier (before mentioning gunpowder) Clark reports about kali nitricum

:

...Many unusual symptoms from the nose: “painful contractions in the eye, forehead and face concentrated at the tip of the nose”, “swelling sensation in the right nostril, painful when pressed”, “sharp pain in the upper part of the right nostril with increased external sensitivity.” These last two symptoms led to the cure of a large nasal polyp in a girl.

You see that the symptoms of proving gun powder

and symptoms of
Kali Nitricum
. Right eye, right half of nose, right nostril. Take note of this.

It does not appear that Clark had any recollection of gunpowder before 1911, when "Notes on the Use of Black Powder" appeared in the Homyopathic World, signed "Layman," i.e., layman, layman. Subsequently, Clarke named the author of the publication - it was his friend and student, the parish priest from Stradbroke in Suffolk, Rev. Roland Upcher (1849-1929). The priest wrote that for 40 (!) years he had known, including from personal observations, about the effect of black gunpowder as a means for all kinds of blood poisoning.

The conditions of poisoning which require gunpowder are almost invariably abscesses, boils or carbuncles. They often, though not always, cause swelling of the poisoned limb, accompanied by a change in color of the skin, so that the arm from the tips of the fingers to the axillary glands becomes almost violet or black. In such cases, black powder, whether in large or small doses, works like magic.

Upcher further reported that his father, also a country priest, who had a parish in Norfolk, was also a farmer and had shepherds working for him. They often suffered from various kinds of wounds, forcing them to seek treatment from local doctors and to refuse work for some time, this was the order of the day. These problems especially occurred when shepherds treated the feet of sheep affected by a disease called foot rot. But then a shepherd appeared who did not suffer from wounds at all, and it was like this for many years. When Upcher's father began to ask him what was the matter, it turned out that for lunch he used raw gunpowder, simply sprinkling it on the cheese with which he ate bread. Over time, this shepherd rose to a higher position in the local economy, and another took his place. One day this new shepherd complained of a completely swollen hand, black from the fingers to the armpit. Upcher's father did not hesitate for a long time: he poured a teaspoon of gunpowder into half a glass of water, made a paste, then added more water, obtaining some semblance of a drink, and gave it to the shepherd to drink all at once. The result was a quick and complete cure. From that time on, all the priest's shepherds ate sandwiches with cheese and gunpowder, and swollen, sore hands became a thing of the past. However, the priest did not rest on this and began to treat his entire parish with gunpowder. Roland Upcher, author of a publication in Homyopathic World, recalls that from childhood he weighed out portions of gunpowder with which his father treated parishioners, and always successfully. Boils, carbuncles, abscesses, blood poisoning due to alveolar pyorrhea, which we today call periodontal disease - all this, according to Upcher, falls within the scope of action of gunpowder. In addition, Upcher confirmed Clark's earlier observation about herpes, noting that he used gunpowder to cure herpes in his practice. After he came across a mention of gunpowder in the chapter on Kali Nitricum

in the Dictionary of Practical Materia Medica, he began to experiment with the lowest potencies, the 1st, 2nd and 3rd decimal.
The priest gave the following explanation for the action of gunpowder: sulfur
is known for being used against boils, rashes, itching, eczema, suppresses impurities and rashes,
carbo vegetabilis
, and
kali nitricum
has a powerful effect on the skin, opening the pores.

To Clark's surprise, no one else paid attention to the note except himself, and Clark himself began to use gun powder

in my practice in the third decimal trituration and get very good results.
In February 1913, he reports three cases (a mosquito bite, a knife cut and swelling of the right arm and enlargement of the lymph nodes in the armpit, also on the right, as a consequence of sewer gas poisoning) in a small publication in the Journal Belge d'Homeopathy, which also runs unnoticed. Then, in the January 1914 issue of Homyopathic World, he published the article “Gunpowder for Artillerymen,” where he recommended that all his friends going into the army take with them a box of gun powder
in the third rubbing, produced by the homeopathic pharmacy Epps, Thatcher and Co. ", and use it for poorly healing wounds and food or water poisoning.
After some time, the article begins to attract attention: in the summer of the same year, the First World War begins, many wounded, many infected wounds, a quarter of a century before the advent of the first antibiotic, Clark is quoted in popular English magazines of the time, and he in August 1915 year, he published his 30-page essay “Gunpowder as a Military Medicine”, a significantly expanded version of the article, as a separate brochure, and from this time we count our acquaintance with gunpowder as a homeopathic medicine. In the brochure, Clark notes that gunpowder was previously used by soldiers, who mixed it with hot water and drank it, and by shepherds, who sprinkled it on bread and cheese and ate it - both did this to prevent wounds from festering. Raw gunpowder, whether in water or with a sandwich, did not taste very pleasant, and therefore Clark suggested using it in potentized water, which, in his words, makes the medicine much more convenient to take, and without losing its healing properties. Clark himself used the third decimal trituration, the medicines were given in the form of powder or tablets. In the article, Clark gives instructions for using gun powder
for septic suppuration: for fever - 1 tablet every 2 hours, and if the temperature is normal, then 3-4 tablets per day.
For prevention - 1 tablet once a day. For local wounds, he suggested washing with cooled boiled water, even better with tincture of calendula
or
witch hazel
, which he took in the proportion of 1 tsp. half a pint, that is, about one glass of water.

Clark writes:

I must assume that it will be effective in typhus, or cerebrospinal meningitis. In this case, if the disease appears in a given area, take one tablet three times a day. For boils, carbuncles and other skin lesions, including eczema, abscesses, septic or non-blood poisoning insect bites, poisoning from cadaveric poison from improperly stored food - a tablet once every hour or two, depending on the condition. The greatest area of ​​action of gun powder

- conditions with septic suppuration or, in other words, wounds that have been poisoned by putrefactive microbes.
But gun powder
can also be used as a prophylactic.
This means that it can not only be used to treat a pre-existing septic condition, but will protect the body from pathogens so that wounds are less likely to become septic. So, the main clear indication for gun powder
, which can hardly be missed, is blood poisoning.
The poison quickly penetrates the blood - boils, carbuncles, abscesses, rashes and other manifestations appear, unmistakably indicating that the blood is poisoned. For all these conditions, gun powder
acts as an antidote.

In conclusion, Clark recommended that all general practitioners and surgeons make extensive use of potentized gunpowder to treat their patients. Despite the undoubted demand, gun powder

Still, as far as one can judge, it was not used en masse by the troops. Clark's recommendations went no further than suggesting that each soldier buy a bottle of tablets in the third decimal potency and use them as needed.

The next author who drew attention to gun powder

, there was also an English homeopath, Dr. Dorothy Shepherd (1871–1952), a student of Clarke. Dorothy Shepherd has two books devoted to “small dose magic,” one a continuation of the other, “Small Dose Magic” (1946) and “More Small Dose Magic” (1949). Both books were published several years ago in the Novosibirsk “Homeopathic Book”, from where I took the quotes below, and I strongly recommend that my colleagues read these books. Believe me, there are a lot of interesting things there. In "The Magic of Small Doses" we read:

Gun powder

3X is a completely safe home remedy... Abrasions will not fester if you rinse them well with chilled boiled water and apply
gun powder
, taking it three to four times a day... This technique is much better than cauterizing the skin with iodine tincture.
Gun powder
3X will quickly heal suppuration after mosquito bites. On the advice of Dr. Clark, I have often used this remedy for small pustular lesions of the skin in schoolchildren, with excellent results.

Now about another interesting aspect of the action of gun powder

, which Clark does not mention and which falls sharply outside the traditionally considered scope of this medicine. In my opinion, this deserves attention and further study. I quote Dorothy Shepherd's book again:

I don't think it's gun powder

has ever been tested on women, but one patient who took
gun powder
reported the following.
She was taking Gun Powder
3X for a minor but annoying pustular rash and noticed that her periods were heavier.
Usually they were scanty and painful, and the more abundant they were, the less bothersome the pain was. Since its discovery, she has regularly taken gun powder
3X at the beginning of each cycle and it has consistently increased the amount of menstrual blood.
Previously, menstruation was not only very scanty, but also intermittent: menstruation began, but soon stopped for 12 hours, after which it resumed. Gun powder
12X prevented this 12 hour gap and increased the amount of blood released.
Typically, the patient took the medication every two hours, and then less frequently as her condition improved. The following information is also interesting: among the working class, gun powder
is well known and is used as an abortifacient, naturally, in coarse doses. It undoubtedly has a rejecting effect on the uterine mucosa.

Probably gun powder

can be used for certain types of infertility associated with the impossibility of implantation of a fertilized egg into the uterine mucosa.

It is also noteworthy here that Shepherd, who in the preface to the book declares herself an adamant follower of high potencies, mechanically repeats Clark's recommendation for a third decimal potency, which is completely uncharacteristic of her practice.

Now about the article “ Gan powder

“A Little-Known Drug Shows Real Power in Wound Treatment,” published in the first issue of the American journal Homyopathy Today in 2007.

Its author, Shirley J. Casey, is an interesting person whose experience is especially valuable because she is neither a homeopath nor even a physician. Her profession is called wildlife rehabilitator, I find it difficult to translate into Russian in two words, and I assume that there is no such profession in post-Soviet countries. Literally it means “involved in the rehabilitation of wild animals.” This is a formal profession that requires education and licensing. I didn’t delve too deeply into this topic, since the details are not so important for us, but I realized that these are people who work in reserves and receive salaries from the authorities of their state. I'll suffice it to tell you that she and her husband, Allen Casey, run their own small animal rehabilitation center in Evergreen, Colorado. They select wounded, sick, orphaned animals, provide them with the necessary assistance within their competence and, if possible, quickly return them to natural conditions. Wild animals really need help: they get hit by cars and in traps, receive gunshot wounds, can be bitten by domestic or other wild animals, and can be harmed when using garden tools (lawn mowers). Accordingly, wounds - bruises, abrasions, fractures, stab and gunshot wounds, burns. Where special skills are required—to treat and stitch up a wound, for example—veterinarians come into play. This creates problems with antibiotics. Many wild animals, when receiving antibiotics, lose their appetite and suffer from diarrhea. Some bacteria turn out to be resistant to antibiotics, it is often difficult to determine the dose for very small or very large wild animals, and antibiotics are difficult to administer. So, in the treatment of wild animals, an alternative to antibiotics is more than desirable.

Casey first heard about this medicine in 1996, purchased Clark's brochure and distributed it to several veterinarians and her colleagues, inviting them to try it. Since wild animals usually have sufficient vitality, and keeping them in cages to treat with low potencies for a relatively long time meant adding stress and worsening the prognosis for successful rehabilitation, some of those who agreed to use gun powder

They gave it in potencies of 30 and 200C.

Having obtained good results in over a hundred cases of various types of injuries and injuries, in 2002 Casey gave a presentation at a joint conference of the American Academy of Veterinary Homeopathy and the American Holistic Veterinary Association, and in December of the same year she published an article in the Journal of the American Holistic Veterinary Association, and thereby attracted the attention of the public to this medicine. According to her, by the time the article we are talking about was published - let me remind you that this is 2007 - she “became aware of hundreds, if not thousands” of cases of successful treatment of wild animals using gun powder

.
The article under discussion cites four successful cases, one with a baby squirrel and three with birds, in which gun powder
was exceptionally successful.
The gunshot wound, fractures, and wounds from cat bites were literally healed in a matter of days. Injured animals and birds were usually given aconite
to bring them out of shock, then the wound was treated and
gun powder
.
The cure was not only faster than with antibiotics, but was also not accompanied by their side effects, which I mentioned. Shirley Casey points out that gun powder
is an important remedy for the treatment of bites, especially highlighting cat bites, but not excluding bites from venomous animals, as well as stings.
Gunshot wounds, cuts, festering, gangrenous wounds - all these are indications for the use of gun powder
.

In conclusion, I will list the main indications available today for the use of gun powder.

.

• Boils, carbuncles, abscesses, rashes
• Septicemia, pyaemia, septic processes
• Osteitis, osteomyelitis
• Fractures, compound fractures
• Poisoning from spoiled food and water
• Post-vaccination complications
• Shot and cut wounds
• Bites, especially cat bites, insect stings
• Poorly healing, festering wounds
• Black color of limbs
• Oligomenorrhea
• Parasites, especially roundworms, in children.

A few words about differential diagnosis. There is practically no information on this topic in the literature, so here it would be appropriate to recall several drugs that have similar indications for use. For other drugs associated with gun powder

, there is only a remark by the priest Upcher that certain intermediate doses
of hepar sulfur
enhance the effect
of gun powder.
The closest drug is pyrogenum

, and I can assume that
gun powder
and
pyrogenum
are interchangeable.
Their main common feature is a septic condition, what Upcher and Clark called blood poisoning. Pyrogenum
has been studied much better, it was very fond of being used by Dr. John James Drysdale (1816-1890), who proposed it in 1880, and his previously mentioned student, Dr. James Compton Burnett, its pathogenesis is presented in sufficient detail.
Gun Powder
and
Pyrogenum
are available , I would choose
Pyrogenum
if extreme physical restlessness and trembling were present.
Also in favor of pyrogenum
are constipation, the disgusting smell of all discharge, a very fast pulse, and a tendency to vomit.
It is quite possible that pyrogenum
should be considered as the next stage in the development of the septic condition.
Gan powder
corresponds to its initial stages,
pyrogenum
- to its advanced stages.
Another drug to keep in mind is tarentula cubensis
.
It is also a remedy for septic conditions and a remedy for carbuncles and boils, and its distinguishing feature is this: the patient very early falls into a state of prostration, suffering from extremely severe pains, which can only be compared with the pains of anthracinum
.
Of course, both Gunpowder
and
Pyrogenum

Tarentula
has such unbearably strong pain .
The pain of anthracinum
is monstrous, the patient describes it as if the affected part of the body is being burned with fire.
Three remedies which have very severe burning pains are Tarentula Cubensis
,
Arsenicum Album
and
Anthracinum
, but in the latter they are extreme and completely intolerable.
Just like gun powder
,
anthracinum
has swelling of the limbs and blackening of the skin, and can be used after insect bites and for festering ulcers. At the same time, there is a noticeable aggravation from cold applications and improvement from hot ones.