Description of the Pecheneg machine gun
The design is based on a 7.62 mm Kalashnikov machine gun. This made it possible to launch production in 1999 at minimal cost, as well as simplify its operation. The barrel group ensures the shooting of at least 600 rounds in long bursts without compromising shooting efficiency. When conducting a long battle, the machine gun can fire up to 10,000 rounds per hour without deteriorating combat characteristics or reducing barrel life. In general, Pecheneg retained up to 80% of the common parts with the PKM (receiver with all mechanisms, machine tool).
The Pecheneg can use the entire range of 7.62x54 mm R rifle cartridges. The machine gun uses a system of forced air cooling of the barrel using the energy of powder gases. The adjustable gas outlet mechanism allows the Pecheneg to be operated in any climatic conditions. The barrel has external fins and is enclosed in a metal casing. Powder gases leaving the barrel create a vacuum zone in the front part of the casing. In the rear part of the casing there are special ventilation windows. Thus, during shooting, cold air is continuously pumped along the barrel. Constantly cooling the barrel reduces dispersion when shooting and also increases the longevity of the barrel. The barrel life is 25-30 thousand shots when firing in intensive modes.
Strengthening the barrel made it possible to move the bipod from the gas chamber to the muzzle, which increased the support base and reduced dispersion to 70%, however, this position of the bipod is not always convenient, as it limits the sector of fire along the front without moving the shooter and/or weapon. Leveling the temperature field of the barrel made it possible to increase its resource to the level specified for the entire machine gun (or twice as compared to the PKM), as well as to reduce the drift of the aiming point during prolonged shooting to a value equal to no more than 0.001 of the range. This made it possible to abandon the second barrel (although the Pecheneg’s barrel mount remains quick-release) and, despite the installation of an additional screen on the machine gun, to reduce the carrying weight of the weapon. In addition, the design of the Pecheneg machine gun can significantly reduce the harmful effect of the upward flow of air heated by the barrel on the aiming line. The increased heat transfer of the new machine gun is noticeable in the dark even with the naked eye by the brightness of the barrels after the entire ammunition load has been fired.
Operating principle
Since "Pecheneg" –
a machine gun based on the Kalashnikov design; its automation operates on the principle of gas removal through a hole in the barrel. Above the barrel there is a gas chamber with a three-position gas regulator. The chamber is locked by turning the bolt, while the lugs extend behind special stops in the receiver. The machine gun bolt generally follows the design of the RPK or AKM. As in previous designs, the gas frame is the leading link of the automation; it is connected to the gas piston by hinges. When firing, the reloading handle is not used in any way and remains motionless, since it is not rigidly connected to the bolt frame.
Features of the trigger mechanism allow only continuous fire. To prevent accidental shooting, there is a flag-type fuse that reliably locks the bolt frame in the rearmost position. The entire trigger mechanism is assembled in the receiver. When cocked, the striking mechanism operates from a recoil spring - when firing, it moves forward and hits the protrusion of the firing pin, which is placed in a special channel in the bolt.
Pecheneg Bullpup machine gun
An assault version of the bullpup machine gun was demonstrated to the president in Izhevsk on September 18, 2013 during his visit to the Kalashnikov concern. The shortened version differs from the regular “Pecheneg” in the use of a butt plate instead of a butt and a fire control handle moved forward. Due to this, the machine gun became shorter by 27 cm and lighter by 0.5 kg while maintaining the barrel length (65 cm). Bullpup advantages:
- compactness;
- reduced weight;
- the ability to install additional tactical modules;
- improved muzzle - muzzle brake-compensator instead of a flash suppressor;
- duplicated trigger mechanism.
Disadvantages of Bullpup:
- lack of open sights;
- the inability to quickly replace external sights due to the use of a Picatinny rail;
- inability to carry weapons normally due to the sights located on the handle;
- the fuse is located in the same place, you have to be distracted to switch it, which is completely inconvenient in the absence of a normal butt;
- access to the gas regulator when installing the laser center and flashlight becomes inconvenient;
- the tilted position of the box with cartridges causes the belt to bend, which can cause difficulty in feeding ammunition, and puts a strong load on the trigger guard;
- when servicing a weapon, you will have to remove it to remove dirt from under the forend, which is a little difficult to do in the field and without tools;
- inconvenient fastening of the belt on the butt;
- impossibility of fighting using the machine;
- violation of the weapon's weight distribution, which will clearly affect the accuracy of the battle, although for urban combat this is not very important.
Modifications
Together with the modernized Kalashnikov machine gun, its armored personnel carrier version, the PKMB, was also created. The weight of the latter dropped to seventeen and a half kilograms. To equip peacekeeping force patrols, the motorcycle unit with which the PKM was equipped was returned. The machine gun was also equipped with a new 6T5 tripod machine developed by Stepanov. The design of the latter uses the principle of multifunctionality for parts.
The need to improve shooting efficiency required finding ways to eliminate factors that impair accuracy. These include the natural vibrations of the barrel when fired, disruption of its straightness due to uneven heating of the internal surfaces along the length and cooling of the external ones, the formation of a flow of heated air above it, etc.
Employees of the Central Research Institute Tochmash of the city of Klimovsk carried out work to study the possibility of increasing accuracy with bursts of various durations, as well as reducing aiming errors, without changing the design, dimensions and automation device. As a result, a single “Pecheneg” (index 6P41) was created, based on a PKM machine gun.
Since this weapon is not sold in stores, it would be superfluous to talk about its cost.
Pecheneg-SP machine gun
Pecheneg-SP (GRAU index - 6P69) - modernization of external devices of the Pecheneg machine gun and replacement of the barrel with a finned one without a casing with forced cooling. They include a low-noise firing device (tactical silencer), a front handle on the gas outlet, and a quick-release bipod. The cartridge box is lined with plastic inside. Picatinny rail on the receiver cover for mounting a unified optical sight 1P89-3. Adjustable in length, folding stock. The aiming bar of the mechanical sight is marked up to 800 meters.
Modifications
The main standard machine gun of the Russian infantry, the Pecheneg, is produced in four modifications. The most common of them is 6P41, equipped with a rail sight. The easel model is designated by the alphanumeric code 6P41S; it is distinguished by higher accuracy and accuracy, but is heavier and larger. The hand-held model for night shooting has an additional letter “N” in its name (6P41N), like the easel model, it is equipped with an infrared sighting device (6P41SN).
The machine gun is produced in the city of Kovrov, at the plant named after. V. A. Degtyareva.
There is also a modification “Pecheneg-SP” (6P69), characterized by the absence of a barrel casing, the presence of a tactical silencer, a quick-release bipod and a folding butt.
In 2013, a “bullpup” version was also proposed with a forward trigger device and handle, which in general follows the Pecheneg PKP. Photos of new variants, not yet put into production, are regularly published by the press.
Photo of the Pecheneg machine gun
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Project ideology
The development of the Pecheneg PKP began in the late fifties, and in 1961 its first version appeared. The need for a new machine gun arose in connection with the obsolescence of the RP-46 and SGM, which was revealed during several armed conflicts (they took place outside the USSR). The task assigned to Tochmash was common for that time. It was necessary to create something that had all the advantages of previous models, but devoid of their disadvantages
At the same time, attention should also be paid to the economic side - the military budget is not rubber, and it must be spent carefully. In the sixties, this approach often justified itself; based on this doctrine, new modifications of the Kalashnikov 101-108 assault rifle were created, the modernized PM (PKM)
PKP "Pecheneg" was designed according to the same principle, but much more creative ideas were used in it. The team consisted of many talented gunsmith designers, among whom A. S. Neugodov, N. N. Denisov, A. A. Deryagin and other prominent specialists stood out. While introducing their new inventions, they nevertheless realized that their design was an improvement on the PKM (modified Kalashnikov machine gun), so they kept the name of the main author, although encoded, in the title - PKP “Pecheneg”. The decoding means “Kalashnikov infantry machine gun.”
