Rifled Weapons, Short-Barreled Hunting Shotguns, What Accuracy and Range, Caliber Table and Characteristics, Mandatory Shooting of Rifles and Carbines

A rifled firearm is distinguished from a smooth-bore weapon by helical-shaped convex rifling lines (usually within 7 pieces) inside the barrel along its entire length. They twist the bullet by a belt made of soft metal (most often brass), aligning its trajectory, causing the bullet to fly further and more accurately.

Rifled hunting weapon

Types of rifling profiles

The rifling twists both from right to left and from left to right.

Each cut has:

combat edge, which twists the bullet;
blank edge (clearly visible from the muzzle of the barrel);
bottom (“tip” of the rifling);
fields (gaps between grooves - it is by them that the caliber is measured).

Rifling design

Procedure for obtaining a license

At the initial stage, a citizen needs to prepare a package of documentation, and then contact the Licensing and Permitting Department of the territorial division of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation to write an application according to the accepted template.
The law defines deadlines for consideration of an individual’s application, but due to the high workload of the territorial departments of the OLRR, processing of documentation may take longer. Important! The application for a permit is considered within two weeks from the date of receipt of the package of documents. The period for consideration of an application for a license is slightly longer and is one calendar month.

A refusal to issue a license may be issued if an incomplete package of documentation is provided. There is also a high probability of a negative decision being made if the citizen previously committed acts provided for by the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation or administrative offenses. If the refusal is unlawful, the individual has the right to appeal it by filing a statement of claim in court.

Attention! The validity period of the license is limited by the norms of Legislative Acts and is six calendar months from the date of issue. After purchasing a sporting weapon, a citizen is required to contact the OLLR of the territorial unit of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation at the place of registration to submit an application for registration of the purchased equipment

The registration procedure also includes obtaining a special permit to store and carry sporting weapons

After purchasing a sporting weapon, a citizen must contact the OLLR of the territorial unit of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation at the place of registration to submit an application for registration of the purchased equipment. The registration procedure also includes obtaining a special permit to store and carry sporting weapons.

What is a small arms caliber?

So, the difference between a heavy machine gun and a small-caliber automatic cannon lies in their caliber. What is the caliber of a firearm?

The caliber of a rifled firearm is the distance between the fields of the rifling for rifled firearms, or the internal diameter of the bore for smooth-bore weapons. Caliber is measured in millimeters or fractions of an inch (inch = 2.54 cm). In Russia and most other countries, calibers are measured in millimeters. However, a hundred years ago, not millimeters, but lines were used for these purposes. Line = 1/10 inch. For example, the Mosin rifle model 1891/30, which is well known to us, had a caliber equal to three lines (for which it was called a “three-line”), that is, in terms of the units of measurement familiar to us, its caliber was 7.62 mm.

In the UK, gauge is measured in thousandths of an inch, and in the US in hundredths of an inch. A caliber equal to 0.5 inches in the USA will be designated - .50, and in the UK - .500, where the zero is not placed before the dot.

Comparison table of calibers:

in millimeters	in fractions of an inch (US)	in fractions of an inch (UK)	true value in mm.
5.6	.22	.220	5.42-5.6
6.35	.25	.250	6.1-6.38
7.0	.28	.280	6.85-7.0
7.76, 7.63, 7.62	.30	.300	7.6-7.85
7.7	-«-	.303	7.7-7.71
7.65	.32	.320	7.83-8.05
9.0	.35	.350	8.70-9.25
9.0, 9.3	.38	.380	9.2-9.5
10.0	.40, .41	.410	10.0-10.2
11.0	.44	.440	11.0-11.2
11.43	.45	.450	11.26-11.35
12.7	.50	.500	12..7

Caliber

Today in the world there are more than a hundred different bullets for rifled hunting weapons.

In the USA, Russia and Great Britain, caliber is usually defined differently. In the USA, caliber is measured in hundredths of an inch, in the UK in thousandths of an inch, and in Russia in millimeters.

For example, the US caliber 9 mm, well known in Russia and the CIS countries, is designated as .38 or 38 caliber, and in the UK it is caliber .0357. This is precisely what explains some of the confusion (for the uninitiated) in the calibers of rifled cartridges in retail chains.

In Russia, it is traditional to divide weapons into three groups based on caliber:

Small-caliber . This category includes rifled hunting rifles, adapted to fire cartridges up to 6.5 millimeters (most often 5.6 mm). It is this group that includes the popular rifled hunting carbines. It is mainly used for hunting small animals with valuable fur, since its use causes minimal damage to the animal's skin.
Medium caliber . The limits of this caliber are from 6.5 to 9.0 millimeters. Naturally, the extremely popular 7.62 mm rifled weapon also falls into this category. By the way, the Mosin rifle, which is better known among ordinary people and history experts as the “three-ruler”, received its popular name precisely from the caliber. The fact is that before the 1917 revolution, it was customary to measure caliber in lines. According to this measurement system, it was equal to 0.1 inches, or translated into the modern metric system it was 2.54 millimeters, respectively, 7.62 millimeters was exactly three (0.1 inch) lines. This type is best used for medium game, since the power is still not enough to hunt a large and strong animal.
Large caliber rifled weapon . This line starts with 9 millimeters and ends with a caliber of 20 millimeters. Anything with a higher caliber value is classified as artillery. Its destructive power is simply amazing. As a rule, these are short-barreled carbines, but there are also hunting revolvers of this caliber. Such rifled weapons are preferred by hunters who want to shoot game immediately and on the spot.

Principles of distribution of calibers according to hunting objects.

The most suitable for hunting large birds (grouse, wood grouse, sometimes goose) and small animals (fox) is a rifled weapon of .22 Hornet caliber; .222Rem; .22-250; .223Rem; 5.6x50Rmag; 5.6x39; 5.6x52R; 5.6×57; 5.6x57R and .243Win. Undoubtedly, they have different energies and indicators of bullet flatness on the trajectory, but, as a rule, they allow one to hunt the mentioned species quite successfully, without causing much damage to the carcasses or skin of the game.

The .22Hornet is used at firing distances up to 150 m, 5.6x57 and 243 up to 300 m, the rest - up to 200-250 m. It should be remembered that light .22-caliber bullets are significantly drifted by the wind along the trajectory. For example, a Norma cartridge bullet of .222Rem caliber weighing 3.24 g in an average wind of 5 m/s blowing at an angle of 90 degrees to the trajectory will deflect at a distance of 250 m by 44 cm, which will lead to a guaranteed miss when shooting at a fox looking not only directly at the shooter, but also standing sideways.

Moreover, the wind is often not constant in vector and strength, and therefore cannot be taken into account accurately. Heavier bullets are blown away by the wind much less, so a .308 caliber bullet weighing 9.7 g will be blown away by half as much in the example shown.

However, it should be remembered that in many regions hunting birds with rifled weapons is prohibited.

Medium game usually means animals weighing up to 100-150 kg, such as wolves, roe deer, small and medium wild boar, sika deer, small elk, etc. However, it is clear that the approach to shooting a European roe deer weighing 30 kg and a moose calf weighing 150 kg should be different.

It would probably be correct to divide medium-sized animals into two groups:

First group: animals weighing up to 60-80 kg. These are European and Siberian roe deer, saiga, wolf, etc. A good choice would be: 223Rem; 5.6x50R; 5.6×57; 5.6x57R with heavy expansive bullets weighing 4-5 grams at distances up to 200 m. Any options for .243Win equipment and other 6.5 mm caliber cartridges (6.5x55; x57, etc.) are good at all reasonable shooting distances. Jacketed bullets of 7 mm cartridges (7x57; x57R; .270Win; 7x64; 7x65R) and .30 calibers are suitable (7.62x39 is very good at distances up to 200 m, .308Win; .30-06 and 7.62x54R) , also at any distances that allow you to make a confident shot in place.
Second group: animals weighing 100-150 kg. These are small spotted deer, mountain sheep, reindeer, small and medium wild boar, small elk, etc. Here we can talk about the use of 6.5 mm calibers only at distances of up to 150, in extreme cases up to 200 m, and even then with the most heavy expansion bullets. 7 mm calibers with hollow-point bullets are preferred. The .30 calibers listed above are also good, in versions with hollow-point bullets. You can confidently shoot 8mm ammo (8x57, 8x64 and 8x68), with hollow point bullets only being extremely powerful in the latter two calibers. Large game for the territory of Russia usually means animals with a body weight of 150-200 kg or more. These are large deer (elk, deer, wapiti), wild boars and bears. Moreover, the last two types of game are extremely resistant to wounds.

The minimum suitable for hunting these animals seems to be a weapon of .30 caliber (however, in no case is it 7.62x39, but .308Win; 7.62x54R; .300Win Mag; .30-06) with the heaviest expansive parts possible in them bullets and at distances up to 200 m. 8 mm ammunition, also with hollow-point bullets, would be much more suitable. But the best performance in this case is provided by .338Win Mag cartridges; .35Wheelen (up to 200 m); 9.3x74R; 9.3×62 and 9.3×64, as well as .375H&H Mag, allowing you to confidently not only hit the game, but in most cases quickly enough to stop it at the point of impact of the bullet, or not far from it.

Selection of rifled weapons

In order to decide on the choice of rifled weapon, you first need to decide for yourself what animal you will hunt, in what way and from what distance.

According to the principle of operation, rifled weapons for hunting are divided into two types:

Bolt-action rifled hunting weapon
Rifled semi-automatic self-loading hunting weapon

Each of these types has its own advantages and disadvantages.

The advantages of rifled weapons with a bolt action include:

Higher accuracy and hence shot accuracy
Easy to clean and maintain

The disadvantage of this type of weapon is the inability to quickly fire the next shot, which is extremely necessary for some types of hunting.

The advantages of semi-automatic self-loading rifled weapons include:

The ability to quickly fire the second and subsequent shots if necessary.

The disadvantage of this type of weapon is:

Less accuracy and, accordingly, shot accuracy compared to rifled weapons with a bolt action.
Need for more thorough cleaning and maintenance

The main objects of hunting with rifled hunting weapons in Russia are wild boar and elk. If you prefer hunting wild boar from a tower, your best choice is a rifled weapon with a bolt action, but if you prefer driven hunting for wild boar or elk, then the optimal choice would be a semi-automatic self-loading rifled weapon.

Fittings

Initially, rifled guns loaded through muzzles, which were used from the 16th to the 19th centuries, were called fittings. They were two to three times superior to smooth-bore weapons, and were also distinguished by good shooting accuracy, so they were widely used among the troops. In the middle of the 19th century, up to a third of the soldiers of the advanced armies fought with fittings. However, the low rate of fire and high cost limited the use of such rifles.

In the modern understanding, fittings are a special type of hunting weapon, a rifle with breaking barrels. Such guns are rarely chosen as the first rifled weapon; they are usually purchased after gaining experience in using a carbine. Many experienced hunters prefer them.

The main advantages of fittings:

the second shot can be fired almost instantly, since all you need to do is move your finger to the other trigger;
unions have better balance than bolt-on carabiners, although this is not true for all models.

At the same time, in terms of shooting accuracy, the fittings are inferior to bolt-on carbines.

In total, three types can be distinguished:

with one barrel;
with two barrels;
combination fittings with two, three or four barrels.

A double-barrel fitting can have barrels of the same caliber or different ones. Combined models combine rifled barrels with smoothbore ones. The most popular are rifles and combination shotguns with two or three barrels. The nozzle barrels can be positioned vertically and horizontally. Vertical models provide better shooting accuracy and are therefore more preferable.

The initial speed of a fired bullet can exceed one and a half kilometers per second, while the firing range without changing the trajectory is about four hundred meters. Possible fitting calibers are from 6.99 to 15.25 mm. They are used primarily for hunting large and strong animals. The longest-range models are almost as good as carbines in their characteristics.

Examples of double-barreled shotguns and combination shotguns:

MP-251;
Finnsport 512;
BRNO ZH 340;
Antonio Zoli Express;
Antonio Zoli Corona;
Browning Express Erice;
Beretta S689 Silver Sable;
Blaser 95;
Blaser 97;
Merkel 2022.

An example of a three-barrel model is Antonio Zoli Drilling. This gun has two smooth barrels and one rifled barrel.

Shooting from rifled weapons

Shooting from rifled weapons and smooth-bore weapons has a common base. Many hunters who are accustomed to shooting from a shotgun make a mistake. And it lies in the fact that he forgets about the sighting devices of the carbine and the fitting. Many, having seen the animal, shoot offhand, not noticing the sight slot, not the front sight and, accordingly, a miss. To properly aim a rifle with open sights, it is necessary to align the cut of the front sight with the upper edges of the sight slot.

When aiming with a ring sight, it is necessary that the top of the front sight is inside the ring, and then aligned with the target. When shooting with open and ring sights, three points are aligned: the sight slot, the front sight and the target. Often you have to shoot at a moving target. If the animal passes across the shooting plane at a trot at a distance of up to 50 m from the hunter, you should not take the lead.

Which one to choose

In Russia, it is customary to divide rifled hunting rifles into three large, fundamentally different groups, without taking into account the caliber of rifled weapons:

Semi-automatic rifled hunting weapon (quite often called self-loading). As a rule, such a gun has a removable (or stationary) magazine for five or ten rounds. Reloading occurs automatically due to energy transmitted using powder gases.

Non-self-loading. In this type, reloading occurs after manually pulling the shutter

A tangible advantage compared to a semi-automatic one is reliability, but the disadvantage is the low rate of fire, which is vital for hunting large animals.

Combined rifled hunting weapon. Feature – the presence of two types of trunks

As a rule, there are two smooth barrels, and under them there is one large-caliber rifled barrel. Quite often it is located on top and has a small caliber and is used for hunting small animals. The disadvantage of this species is its heavy weight, which requires the hunter to be in good physical shape.

Hunting long-barreled pistols and hunting revolvers are a separate category.

Review of popular domestic models

Domestic-made hunting barrels are very popular in Russia. Nowadays there are quite a lot of new rifled hunting weapons, but among the popular models of Russian hunting weapons it is worth highlighting several.

Carbine Elk

Self-loading carbine chambered for 7.62 caliber cartridges. The magazine is non-removable and can hold five rounds. The sight allows you to hit targets at a distance of 100 meters to half a kilometer. Optics can be used. The weight of the carbine is 3,200 grams. Designed for operation in the temperature range from -50 to +50 0C.

Carbine Vepr

In fact, it is a slightly truncated version of the Kalashnikov light machine gun. Caliber - 7.62. Magazine capacity 3.5 or 10 rounds. Self-loading. Sight up to 350 meters. Optics can be used. Weight 4,000 grams.

Carbine Sobol

Caliber 5.6 millimeters. The carbine has three magazines of five rounds each. The sight allows you to conduct accurate fire at targets at a distance of 25 and 75 meters. Optics can be used. It weighs 3,000 grams.

Carbine Tiger

Created on the basis of the Dragunov rifle. Caliber 7.62. Has a magazine for 5 or 10 rounds. The sight allows shooting at a distance of up to 300 meters. Optics can be used. Weight 4,100 grams.

Saiga carbine

It has several modifications with calibers of 5.45, 5.56 and 7.62 millimeters, which allows it to be used for various types of hunting. Magazine for 5 or 10 rounds. The sight is possible at a distance of up to 300 meters. Optics can be used. The rifled carbine weighs 3,600 grams.

Foreign models are also represented on the Russian market. Unfortunately, hunting revolvers, popular in Europe and the USA, are not widely used in Russia.

Rules for hunting with rifled weapons 2022

A very pressing question regarding the use of rifled weapons when hunting.

All other representatives of upland and mountain game are not subject to spring hunting with weapons that have rifling in the barrel.

In this understanding, rifled weapons include not only long-barreled single-barreled firearms with rifling throughout the barrel, but also the rifled barrel of a combination gun

Now you just need to find out which bird belongs to upland and mountain game in order to finally understand the ban on feathered game.

Borovaya game

They consider hazel grouse, partridge (tundra and white), woodcock, black grouse and wood grouse.

Snowcocks and chukars are considered to be mountain game

This is especially true for hunting periods. I think the federal document should set only framework values, and the subjects of the federation should have the authority to determine for themselves when to open or close hunting for certain species. The same applies to the possibility of dividing the territories of the subjects into zones, establishing different hunting periods in the zones. Here I mean, first of all, the timing of the spring hunt.

II. Spring hunting dates

If we talk about the timing of spring hunting, then it is necessary to return to the 16-day spring season according to the pen. 16 days is two weeks and three days off. No matter how changeable the spring weather is, during this time it will give the hunter a holiday at least once. And with a 10-day period, it’s a complete guessing game: if you get in, you won’t get in.

Moreover, by virtue of the “Model Safety Rules for Handling Hunting Weapons and Conducting Hunts Using Hunting Firearms on the Territory of the RSFSR” of 1983, zeroing is provided.

Zeroing is a separate independent type of shooting and does not apply to training or practice shooting.

Performed during the production, repair and operation of weapons.

LRR, as a structural subdivision of the Russian Guard, the federal executive body (FOIV), is not vested with the right to clarify federal legislation, especially not related to its field of activity: hunting.

Hunting issues are controlled by the Ministry of Natural Resources of the Russian Federation.

Accordingly, any explanations from employees of the Russian Guard, especially on hunting issues, are obviously illegal and have no legal significance.

My first firearm. Part 2: Which rifled weapon to choose?

At the moment of transition to the “major league” of rifled weapons, even an experienced “smoothbore” operator’s eyes widen and he wants to buy everything: a sniper rifle, definitely some kind of Kalashnikov, something from the times of the Great Patriotic War, the “Arch” of a potential enemy and “ Wow, wrap up that machine gun too!”

Let's start with the fact that if you didn't just keep some kind of double-barreled shotgun in a safe for 5 years, but trained and improved your shooting skills, you may come to the conclusion that, in general, you don't need a rifled gun. This may well be the case. Judge for yourself: rifled weapons are not cheap, stores don’t supply cartridges for free either, and a smoothbore requires regular “walking.”

But, of course, I’m lying =)

Saiga MK in caliber 7.62×39 and Saiga 9×19.
Photo by the author. I don’t know a single person who shoots who has voluntarily refused to own a firearm with a rifled barrel. The ability to shoot at 100 meters and much further, the beauty and aesthetics of a unitary bullet cartridge, the variety of calibers and the sound of falling cartridges - it’s hard to resist.

Which manufacturer and cartridge factory to indirectly attribute your money to, as in the case of a smoothbore, depends on what you want and your financial capabilities. I will not repeat the disclaimer about practicing athletes and hunters from the 1st part of the article: these categories of shooters are beyond the scope of this article.

The content of the article

The blood of a sniper flows through my veins!

Shooting at a distance of 100 meters.
Photo by the author. This is great, you have chosen a very interesting shooting discipline. Currently, sports (civilian) sniping in our country is developing very actively, and reloading rifled cartridges is no longer illegal, but first things first.

Civilian sniping requires a shooter with good shooting skills, a fairly accurate bolt-action or semi-automatic rifle, an optical sight and an accurate cartridge. There are many variables and options in this complex; it makes no sense to sort them all out. I will only emphasize the main thing. A "reasonably accurate" weapon means a weapon that is truly accurate, not just something with a scope. Optics only make it possible to aim better and quickly make adjustments.

However, no scope, even the most expensive, will perform a miracle with a weapon!

So, if someone thinks that they will take a “Saiga” or “Vepr”, put an optical sight on it, a cheek rest, a bipod and shoot far and accurately, they will be disappointed. The “Tiger” (the civilian version of the SVD) will most likely also become a disorder, since even “two-minute” barrels, not to mention “one-minute” ones, are quite rare. To shoot for “a minute” (29 mm at the centers of holes at 100 meters) from this legendary sniper, as they say, “out of the box” (that is, from the factory), you must be very lucky with the weapon! In other words, miracles do not happen - what is Caesar's is Caesar's.

So what does the author want to say with this? - you ask. Here's what:

Get your money ready

Photo by the author.
Sniping is not a cheap activity: accurate weapons, which still need to be found under sanctions, cost a lot, and the price of an optical sight is often commensurate with the cost of a good barrel. But this is bought once, and “consumables” - cartridges - can be easily purchased at weapons retail, where there is a large selection of them.

I will immediately upset the reader who breathed a sigh of relief at this: it will not be possible to unlock the potential of an accurate, good rifle with purchased cartridges. Even if we are talking about expensive domestic and extremely expensive foreign ammunition. You will have to make the heap cartridge yourself. I am convinced that reloading is a separate direction in the hobby of shooting, and therefore it deserves a separate discussion. Therefore, that’s all about sniping for now.

I want it like special forces!

Photo by the author.
Despite the fact that clearly defined and formalized shooting disciplines of this type are still in their infancy, there is nothing reprehensible in practicing tactical (let’s call it that) shooting. And if you are also not unfamiliar with external surroundings - camouflage, unloading and other military equipment - then you will not only shoot cool, but you will also look cool at the same time. I'm not being ironic at all.

Let me give you just one piece of advice. Whatever carbine you choose, don’t rush into its “merciless” tuning. Telescopic stocks, sports triggers, rails, handles, collimators, tactical belts - these are all great, but they are often distracting and sometimes even harmful. To master a weapon in its original form: with a standard stock, with open sights, without any bells and whistles - it’s worth a lot.

Having learned to shoot, aiming with a front sight in the rear sight, you will shoot faster and more accurately with a collimator, but only this way, and not vice versa; By forming a uniform insert into the weapon, you will intelligently approach the height and length of the butt.

You will understand how comfortable it is for you to carry a weapon, which belt will interfere when shooting from the left shoulder, and which will not. Many other useful thoughts will come to your mind: about the futility of chasing magic DTKs (muzzle brakes-compensators), and about the optionality of camouflage painting of weapons, and even about the fact that you can wait a little while buying a front handle with a bipod extending out of it.

It's understandable to want to make your gun look as good as in the movies, but don't let it overshadow the development of your shooting skills and take a toll on your wallet.

Two words about “little things”

Photo by the author.
Small bore rifles chambered for rimfire are more common in indoor shooting ranges than on shooting ranges. Often their destiny is 50 m. This is due not only to the usual length of the old Soviet shooting ranges, but also to the ballistics of the 5.6 mm (.22 LR) cartridge - the distance of a direct shot from a small-caliber weapon is very small, the subsonic bullet is very sensitive to wind and narrower after 200 m it decreases almost vertically.

But at fifty meters this is a very accurate weapon, and shooting from small guns should not be underestimated.

In addition, a shot from a small-caliber weapon is not loud, meaning hearing protection is not required; the return is very small; Side-fire cartridges are relatively inexpensive, and the benefits of thoughtful shooting at paper are difficult to overestimate.

Mosin, Weaver, Picatinny...

Rifled weapons from the times of the Great Patriotic War undoubtedly have a certain appeal. Maybe this is due to childhood memories of war films. Or maybe just the understanding that the defenders of our Motherland went into battle with these weapons makes owning such items special.

Mass-produced weapons, which include small arms from the Second World War, were produced primarily based on simplicity and low cost of production, as well as reliability in operation. It is not for nothing that one of the best examples of that time is considered a simple, stamped submachine gun of the Sudaev system.

The Mosin, Tokarev rifles, Simonov carbines and other models that are often found on sale cannot but please the shooter’s eye. Shooting with them is interesting, educational and useful, and the cartridges are not so expensive.

What surprises me personally is the undisguised desire of some manufacturers to offer all kinds of tuning for such weapons, and, even more, the willingness of shooters to buy them.

Mosin rifle in a stock from the Orsis company. Photo by the author.

For heaven's sake, why does SKS have a detachable magazine? To make a Kalashnikov out of him? It still won’t work: it will still be the same SKS, but not with a clip, but with a magazine. Why does the legendary Mosin rifle need a milled stock with all sorts of adjustments and slats? Yes, such a stock costs more than a rifle, even in the sniper version! And that bar over there - is it for a pre-objective attachment worth half a million? Are you serious? The only thing more senseless and more harmful than this is the “castration” of such weapons to a state of emasculation.

In conclusion, let me make one last statement. I am convinced that historical weapons deserve to remain in their original form: beautiful and not very, practical and not quite, but, without a doubt, charismatic. The way it was intended by the designers and accepted by the army under the conditions of that time. But “squeezing” improved accuracy and ergonomics out of such weapons using tuning, trying to make a modern weapon out of it, is a dead end.

However, all flowers bloom, and everyone decides for themselves. Have fun shooting and accurate shots!

Posted by Russ | Tac-T.ru

Types of hunting rifles:

1. Regular.

2. Magnum weapon (hereinafter referred to as MO).

In both cases, the caliber is selected depending on the size of the animal and the hunting strategy. For example, hunting a large game will be more effective with a caliber of 7-8 mm. Fans of hunting from towers and approach should bet on non-collapsible models, which are more stable in comparison with collapsible weapons and give a more concentrated fight (by at least 15%).

The further away the target, the less energy the bullet hits it. Therefore, experienced hunters try to reduce the distance to potential prey as much as possible. Conventional guns, as a rule, please with their accuracy at 150-200 meters, and MO in capable hands - at a 300-meter distance. It is noteworthy that MO is also deadly for more distant game.

But the beast is not an easy target, so the shot is calculated with certainty. For this purpose, tables are used containing information on the power (J) of cartridges and ammunition bullets. In this regard, it will be useful to know that the same cartridge can contain different amounts of gunpowder, bullets...

Methods for creating rifling

cut through with a cutter one at a time (the highest quality);
cut through everything at once;
push with a “toothed” mandrel (quickly and cheaply);
forge, placing it on a core of the desired shape (quickly and reliably);
cast by placing it on a core of the desired shape;
wash electrolytically (often used for artillery).

See also the article Artillery Parabellum and its characteristics

Getting permission

The thing is that the rules provide for the possession by a citizen of a hunting weapon with a smooth barrel for the previous five years. They issue a license for the purchase of rifled weapons from the police, from the department at the citizen’s place of residence, or from the LRO department. Therefore, you should first prepare documents for the LRO. There are no fundamental differences between rifled and smooth-bore weapons.

The LRO requires:

Hunter's ticket.
The presence of a place equipped according to specially approved requirements in which storage will take place (this can be a safe or a durable metal box tightly attached to the wall) in the house or apartment where the rifled gun will be located.

It is worth noting that obtaining a license for a rifle is a necessary and very responsible action. After this, you should undergo an examination by specialists at a medical institution and receive a certificate 046-1. Having received a license for a rifled weapon, you can go to the store to purchase rifled hunting weapons (it is worth remembering that a license for a rifled weapon has a strictly limited validity period, determined by the legislation of the Russian Federation at six months).

After purchase, you must register with the LRO. You must register your weapon within 14 days from the date of purchase (the store must note the date of purchase). It is the registration of the purchase with the LRO that provides the answer to the question of how to obtain a permit for a rifled weapon, since when registering a weapon with the LRO, a permit for a rifled weapon is also issued at the same time, which is valid for five years.

To reissue a permit, you must contact the LRO with the following documents:

Hunter's ticket (a copy of it is included in the package of documents).
A permit (previously issued and expiring), to ensure completeness of the package of documents, you should also take care of its copy.
A document that proves your identity. As a rule, this is a passport (in addition, the LRO requires additional copies of pages from it, which contain information about registration and a photograph of the citizen).
Statement.
Certificate from a medical institution in form No. 046-1.
A report written by the district inspector, which describes the results of his personal inspection of conditions and compliance with storage rules.
Two 3x4 photographs.

In addition, you must have the weapon itself, the permit for which is being renewed. It should also be remembered that an application for renewal of a permit for rifled hunting weapons should be submitted before the expiration date specified in it. If this requirement is ignored, a fine may be imposed or even the weapon itself may be confiscated.

The period for consideration of an application to extend a permit is limited by law to two weeks. As for consumables, cartridges for rifled hunting weapons are purchased in specialized stores.