RemBat
I do not presume to claim that the list below will be exhaustive; it may have to be supplemented over time. The source from which the information was taken is itself dated 2001, therefore, the list does not contain literature for the last 10 years.
Also, please take into account that some publications are included in several categories simultaneously. These are books such as: “Tanks T-54, T-55, T-55M and T-62. Consumption standards for spare parts and materials for medium and current repairs” - naturally, this book was included in sections T-54, T-55 and T-62.
So, we present to your attention a list of literature, grouped by objects and topics, the creation of which is related to the Main Auto-Armored Directorate of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation:
Tank T-80
| Name of publications | vulture | the year of publishing |
| Tank T-80. Technical description and operating instructions, book I | n/s | 1979, 1985 |
| Tank T-80B. Technical description and operating instructions, book I | n/s | 1984 |
| Object 219. Technical description and operating instructions, book II | Chipboard | 1979 |
| Object 219R. Technical description and operating instructions, book II | n/s | 1986 |
| Object 219. Manual for military repairs, part 1. Replacement and repair of units and components | Chipboard | 1980 |
| Object 219R. Manual for military repairs, part 1. Replacement and repair of units and components, book II | n/s | 1984 |
| Object 219. Military repair manual, part II. | n/s | 1980 |
| Technical requirements for defect detection and repair of main units, components and parts | ||
| Object 219R. Military repair manual, part 1. | Chipboard | 1984 |
| Replacement and repair of units and components, book II | ||
| Object 219R. Maintenance instructions | n/s | 1987 |
| Instructions for carrying out regulated maintenance on product 219 (219Р in the chassis part), part I | n/s | 1994 |
| List of a set of spare parts and materials necessary for carrying out regulated maintenance on product 219 (219Р in the chassis part), part III | n/s | 1992 |
| Object 219R. Guidelines for crew actions when arming the T-80U tank | n/s | 1996 |
| Object 219AC. Manual for military repairs, book I. Replacement and repair of units and components, part I | n/s | 1996 |
| Product 219. Consumption standards for spare parts and materials for medium and current repairs | Chipboard | 1983 |
| Product 219R. Consumption rates for spare parts and materials for medium and current repairs | n/s | 1984 |
| Object 219. Crew instruction manual | Chipboard | 1979 |
| Object 219. Manual for checking technical condition | Chipboard | 1981 |
| Object 219. Catalog of parts and assembly units | Chipboard | 1982 |
| Object 219R. Catalog of parts and assembly units | Chipboard | 1982 |
| Flow diagram for organizing regulated maintenance of products type 219, part II | n/s | 1984 |
| Site 478B Troubleshooting Guide, Part I and Part II | n/s | 1990 |
| Series of posters “Object 219”, 40 posters on 95 sheets | Chipboard | 1978 |
| Series of posters “Maintenance of facility 219R”, 14 posters on 46 sheets | Chipboard | 1981 |
| A series of posters on the device “Product 219 AC”, 35 posters on 94 sheets | n/s | 1996 |
Tank T-72
| Name of publications | vulture | the year of publishing |
| Tank "Ural". Technical description and operating instructions, book I | n/s | 1975 |
| Object 172M. Technical description and operating instructions, book II | n/s | 1975 |
| Tank "Ural". Manual for military repairs, book I. Replacement and repair of units and components, part I | n/s | 1976 |
| Object 172M. Manual for military repairs, book I. Replacement and repair of units and components, part II | n/s | 1976 |
| Object 172M. Manual for military repair, book II. Technical requirements for the repair of main units, components and parts during military repairs | n/s | 1976 |
| Object 184. Manual for military repairs, book I. Replacement and repair of units and components, part I | n/s | 1991 |
| Object 184. Manual for military repairs, book I. Replacement and repair of units and components, part II | n/s | 1992 |
| Product 184. Series of posters on the device | n/s | 1997-1998 |
| Product 172M. Consumption rates for spare parts and materials for medium and current repairs | n/s | 1980 |
| Object 172M. Crew operation instructions | n/s | 1975 |
| Object 172M. Manual for checking technical condition and contents | n/s | 1978 |
| Tank T-72 and its modifications. User manual, | ||
| book I, | n/s | 1989 |
| book II, part I, | n/s | 1989 |
| book II, part II | n/s | 1989 |
| Tank T-72A. Technical description and operating instructions, book 1 | n/s | 1987 |
| Tank T-72B. Technical description and operating instructions, book 1 | n/s | 1991 |
| Tank T-72B. Technical description | n/s | 1996 |
| Tank T-72B. User manual | n/s | 1999 |
| Tank T-72B. Military repair manual. Book 1, part 1; Book 2 | n/s | 2000 |
| Tank T-72B. Technical description and operating instructions for the 9K120 complex | n/s | 1989 |
| Tank T-72A. Technical description and operating instructions: | ||
| book I, part I, | n/s | 1992 |
| book I, part II, | n/s | 1992 |
| book II | n/s | 1992 |
| Tank T-72. Catalog of parts and assembly units | n/s | 1980 |
| Tank T-72. Catalog of components and parts, book I | n/s | 1986 |
| Product 184. Catalog of parts and assembly units, book I, book II | n/s | 1991 |
| Product 184. Series of posters on the device | n/s | 1998 |
| Series of posters “Object 172M”, 38 posters on 104 sheets | n/s | 1976 |
| Series of posters “Maintenance of object 172M”, 14 posters on 52 sheets | n/s | 1978 |
| Instructions for using special tools and accessories of product 184 and machines based on it | n/s | 1994 |
| Set of tools, accessories and spare parts for military repair of product 172 | n/s | 1984 |
| Instructions for carrying out RTO of product 172M, part I, part II, part III | n/s | 1984 |
Tank T-64
| Name of publications | vulture | the year of publishing |
| Tank T-64A. Technical description and operating instructions, book I | Chipboard | 1973 |
| Tank T-64A. Technical description and operating instructions, book I (supplement) | Chipboard | 1976 |
| Tank T-64A. Technical description and operating instructions, book I | Chipboard | 1984 |
| Object 447A. Technical description and operating instructions, book II | n/s | 1984 |
| Tank T-64B. Technical description and operating instructions, book I | n/s | 1984 |
| Object 434. Technical description and operating instructions, book I | Chipboard | 1974, 1986 |
| Object 434. Technical description and operating instructions, book II (addition) | Chipboard | 1976 |
| Product 434. Military repair manual. Technological process for replacement and repair of main units and components, part I | Chipboard | 1975 |
| Tank T-64. Military Repair Manual, Part II | Chipboard | 1974 |
| Object 434. Military repair manual, part II. Technical requirements for defect detection and repair of main parts and assembly units | n/s | 1983 |
| Tank T-64B, T-64B1. Military repair manual | n/s | 1989 |
| Tank T-64A. Military repair manual. Replacement and repair of units and components, book I, part I | n/s | 1991 |
| Object 434, 437A, 447A. Set of parts and assemblies, book I, part I, book II, part I, book III | n/s | 1989 |
| Product 434 (437A, 447A). Instructions for conducting RTO | n/s | 1989 |
| List of logistics for carrying out RTO of product type 434 based on 10 products | n/s | 1989 |
| Products 432Р and 434. Consumption standards for spare parts and materials for medium and current repairs | Chipboard, N/S | 1980, 1982 |
| A manual for checking the technical condition and maintenance of an object 434 | Chipboard | 1974 |
| Manual for checking the technical condition and maintenance of object 434, 437A, 447A | n/s | 1992 |
| Tank T-64A. Catalog of parts and assembly units | Chipboard | 1974 |
| Series of posters “Object 434”, 44 posters on 111 sheets | Chipboard | 1974 |
| Series of posters “Object 434”, addition to the series of posters from 1974, 2 posters on 6 sheets | Chipboard | 1978 |
| Series of posters “Maintenance of object 434”, 13 posters on 52 sheets. | Chipboard | 1979 |
| Series of posters “Structure of object 447A”, 41 posters on 109 sheets | n/s | 1992 |
Tank T-62
| Name of publications | vulture | the year of publishing |
| Manual on the material part and operation of the T-62 tank | n/s | 1968 |
| Tank T-62. Technical description and operating instructions | n/s | 1978 |
| Maintenance manual for the T-62 medium tank | n/s | 1969 |
| Medium tank military repair manual, part I | n/s | 1970, 1978 |
| Manual for military repairs of the T-62 medium tank, part II | n/s | 1971, 1986 |
| Addition to the manual for military repairs of the T-62 tank | n/s | 1989 |
| Tanks T-54, T-55, T-62. Technical requirements for defect detection and repair of main components and parts | n/s | 1974 |
| Tanks T-54, T-55, T-55M and T-62. Consumption rates for spare parts and materials for medium and current repairs | n/s | 1983 |
| Tank T-62. Crew operation instructions | n/s | 1974, 1979 |
| Tank T-62. Catalog of parts and assembly units | n/s | 1976 |
| Methodology for determining the technical condition of objects 155 and 166 | n/s | 1972, 1979 |
| List of logistics for carrying out RR on products 137G, 155, 155A, 166 | n/s | 1982 |
| Approximate technological diagram of the organization of RR for products 137G-2, 155, 155A, 166, part III | n/s | 1982 |
| Series of posters “Object 166”, 30 posters on 65 sheets | n/s | 1972, 1985 |
| Series of posters “Maintenance of the T-62 tank”, 12 posters on 42 sheets | n/s | 1977 |
Tank T-55
| Name of publications | vulture | the year of publishing |
| Manual on the material part and operation of the T-55 tank | n/s | 1969 |
| Tank T-55. Technical description and operating instructions | n/s | 1984 |
| T-55 tank maintenance manual | n/s | 1968 |
| Tank T-55A. Maintenance instructions | n/s | 1980 |
| Tanks T-54B, T-54M and T-55. Military repair manual. Replacement and repair of units and components | n/s | 1981 |
| Tanks T-54, T-54M, T-55 and T-62. Consumption rates for spare parts and materials for medium and current repairs | n/s | 1983 |
| Catalog of components and parts of the T-55 tank | n/s | 1972 |
| Series of posters “Tank T-55”, 28 posters on 58 sheets | n/s | 1971 |
Tank T-54
| Name of publications | vulture | the year of publishing |
| Manual on the material part and operation of the T-54 tank | n/s | 1969 |
| Manual on the material part and operation of the T-54A tank | n/s | 1970 |
| Manual on the material part and operation of the T-54B tank | n/s | 1971 |
| Tank T-54B. Technical description and operating instructions | n/s | 1984 |
| Tank T-54M. Technical description and operating instructions | n/s | 1982 |
| Manual for military repair of tanks T-54 and T-54A | n/s | 1968 |
| T-54 Maintenance Manual | n/s | 1967 |
| Manual for the design and operation of equipment for underwater driving of medium tanks and the BTS-2 tractor | n/s | 1968 |
| Catalog of components and parts of the T-54 tank | n/s | 1971 |
| Catalog of components and parts of the T-54B tank | n/s | 1973 |
| Series of posters “Tank T-54”, 27 posters on 45 sheets | n/s | 1970 |
| Series of posters “OPVT-54”, 8 posters on 13 sheets | n/s | 1969 |
Tank PT-76
| Name of publications | vulture | the year of publishing |
| Manual on the material part and operation of the PT-76 and PT-76B tanks | n/s | 1967 |
| Maintenance manual for light tanks and armored personnel carriers based on them | n/s | 1968 |
| Manual for military repair of tanks PT-76, PT-76B and armored personnel carriers BTR-50PK, BTR-50P, BTR-50PU | n/s | 1971 |
| Technical conditions for defect detection and repair of main components and parts of objects 740, 750, 750PK, 160 and 750K in military repair facilities | n/s | 1965 |
| Tank PT-76. Consumption rates for spare parts and materials for medium and current repairs | n/s | 1983 |
| A manual for checking the technical condition and maintenance of light tanks and armored personnel carriers based on them | n/s | 1975 |
| Catalog of components and parts of the PT-76 and PT-76B tanks, the BTR-50PK armored personnel carrier and the BTR-50PU vehicle | n/s | 1973 |
| Series of posters “Tanks PT-76 and PT-76B”, 38 posters on 68 sheets | n/s | 1968 |
| Temporary standards for the consumption of spare parts and materials for medium and current repairs of objects 740, 740B, 750, 750PK, 750K, 160 | n/s | 1963 |
BMP-1, BMP-2, BMP-3
| Name of publications | vulture | the year of publishing |
| BMP-1 infantry fighting vehicle. Technical description and operating instructions | Chipboard | 1979 |
| Manual for military repair of object 765 | n/s | 1972 |
| Series of posters “BMP-1 infantry fighting vehicle”, 43 posters on 98 sheets | n/s | 1979 |
| Series of posters “Maintenance of the BMP-1 infantry fighting vehicle”, 12 posters on 42 sheets | n/s | 1977 |
| Catalog of components and parts of the BMP-1 infantry fighting vehicle | n/s | 1971 |
| Technical requirements for defect detection and repair of main components and parts of the BMP-1 infantry fighting vehicle during military repairs | n/s | 1974 |
| BMP-1 infantry fighting vehicle. Consumption rates for spare parts and materials for medium and current repairs | n/s | 1980 |
| BMP-1 infantry fighting vehicle. Crew operation instructions | n/s | 1974 |
| A manual for checking the technical condition and maintenance of the BMP-1 infantry fighting vehicle | n/s | 1974 |
| Object 765, 673, 774. Catalog of parts and assembly units, book I, book II | n/s | 1992 |
| BMP-2. Technical description and operating instructions, part I, part II | n/s | 1987 |
| and 2000 | ||
| BMP-2. Crew operation instructions | n/s | 1986 |
| Object 675 catalog of parts and assembly units | n/s | 2003 |
| A manual for checking the technical condition and maintenance of the BMP-2 infantry fighting vehicle | n/s | 1987 |
| BMP-2 infantry fighting vehicle. Manual for military repair, part I. Replacement and repair of assembly units, part II | n/s | 1985 |
| and 2000 | ||
| A series of posters on the design of the BMP-2, 42 posters on 99 sheets | n/s | 1984 |
| Series of posters “Maintenance of the BMP-2 infantry fighting vehicle”, 12 posters on 42 sheets | n/s | 1989 |
| Series of posters “Maintenance of infantry fighting vehicles BMP-1 and BMP-2”, 14 posters on 48 sheets | n/s | |
| Product 688. Operating instructions | n/s | 1990 |
| BMP-3. Technical description | n/s | 1993 |
| BMP-3. User manual | n/s | 1993 |
| A series of posters on the material part of the BMP-3, 34 posters on 86 sheets | n/s | 1996 |
| BMP-3 maintenance poster series, 8 posters on 18 sheets | n/s | 1997 |
| BMP-3 infantry fighting vehicle. Temporary manual for military repairs, part I. Replacement and repair of hull assembly units | n/s | 1996 |
| Guidelines for arming the BMP-3 infantry fighting vehicle | n/s | 1990 |
BMD-1, BMD-2, BTR-D
| Name of publications | vulture | the year of publishing |
| BMD-1 airborne combat vehicle. Technical description | Chipboard | 1973 |
| Object 915. Operating Instructions, Part I | n/s | 1973 |
| BMD-1 airborne combat vehicle. Operating Instructions, Part II | n/s | 1974 |
| BMD-1P, BMD-1PK. Technical description | n/s | 1991 |
| BMD-1P, BMD-1PK. Operating Instructions, Part I, Part II | n/s | 1991 |
| BMD-1 airborne combat vehicle. Manual for military repairs, part I. Replacement and repair of units and components | n/s | 1978 |
| BMD-1 airborne combat vehicle. Military repair manual, part II. Technical requirements for defect detection and repair of main parts and assembly units during military repairs | n/s | 1980 |
| Airborne combat vehicle BMD-1 and BTR-D. Consumption rates for spare parts and materials for medium and current repairs | n/s | 1982 |
| BMD-1 airborne combat vehicle. Crew operation instructions | n/s | 1985 |
| BMD-1 airborne combat vehicle. Manual for checking technical condition | n/s | 1977 |
| 1989 | ||
| Series of posters “Airborne combat vehicle BMD-1”, 36 posters on 76 sheets | n/s | 1982 |
| A series of posters on the BMD-2 device, 8 posters on 24 sheets | n/s | 1991 |
| Series of BMD-1P maintenance posters, 13 posters on 42 sheets | n/s | 1991 |
| BTR-D. Technical description and operating instructions | n/s | 1988 |
BRM-1K
| Name of publications | vulture | the year of publishing |
| Command combat reconnaissance vehicle BRM-1K. Technical description and operating instructions, part I | Chipboard | 1979 |
| n/s | 1987 | |
| Object 676. Technical description and operating instructions, part II | Chipboard | 1982 |
| n/s | 1987 | |
| Object 676. Manual for military repairs, part I. Replacement and repair of units and components (Addition to the manual for military repairs of object 765) | Chipboard | 1977 |
| n/s | 1994 | |
| Object 676. Military repair manual, part II. Technical requirements for defect detection and repair of main components and parts | n/s | 1977 |
| Manual for checking the technical condition and maintenance of BRM-1K | n/s | 1987 |
| Product 676. Consumption standards for spare parts and materials for medium and current repairs | n/s | 1981 |
| Object 676. Catalog of parts and assembly units | Chipboard | 1979 |
| Series of posters “Object 676”, 50 posters on 106 sheets | n/s | 1983 |
BTR-70, BTR-80
| Name of publications | vulture | the year of publishing |
| Armored personnel carrier BTR-70. Technical description and operating instructions | n/s | 1982 |
| 1989 | ||
| Armored personnel carrier BTR-70. Manual for military repairs, part I. Replacement and repair of units and components | n/s | 1982 |
| Armored personnel carrier BTR-70. Military repair manual, part II. Technical requirements for defect detection and repair of main components and parts | n/s | 1983 |
| Armored personnel carrier BTR-70. Consumption rates for spare parts and materials for medium and current repairs | n/s | 1982 |
| Armored personnel carrier BTR-70. Manual for checking technical condition | n/s | 1985 |
| Armored personnel carrier BTR-70. Catalog of parts and assembly units | n/s | 1980 |
| BTR-70. Crew operation instructions | n/s | 1985 |
| Series of posters “Armored personnel carrier BTR-70”, 41 posters on 85 sheets | n/s | 1981 |
| A series of posters for the maintenance of BTR-70, 13 posters on 46 sheets | n/s | 1985 |
| BTR-80. Technical description and operating instructions, part I, part II | n/s | 1989 |
| and 2000 | ||
| BTR-80. Military Repair Manual, Book I | n/s | 1991 |
| BTR-80. Military Repair Manual, Book II | n/s | 1992 |
| Armored personnel carrier BTR-80. Catalog of parts and assembly units | n/s | 1989 |
| A series of posters on the design of the BTR-80, 38 posters on 92 sheets | n/s | 1997 |
| Series of posters “Maintenance of BTR-80” | n/s | 1990 |
BRDM-2
| Name of publications | vulture | the year of publishing |
| Manual on the equipment and operation of the armored reconnaissance and patrol vehicle BRDM-2 | n/s | 1967 |
| Armored reconnaissance and patrol vehicle BRDM-2. Technical description and operating instructions | n/s | 1987 |
| Maintenance manual for armored reconnaissance and patrol vehicle BRDM-2 | n/s | 1967 |
| Armored reconnaissance and patrol vehicle BRDM-2. Military repair manual | n/s | 1982 |
| 1995 | ||
| Armored reconnaissance and patrol vehicle BRDM-2. Technical requirements for defect detection and repair of main components and parts during military repairs | n/s | 1976 |
| 1995 | ||
| Standards for the consumption of spare parts for medium and current repairs of the BRDM-2 armored reconnaissance and patrol vehicle | n/s | 1995 |
| Armored reconnaissance and patrol vehicle BRDM-2. Crew operation instructions | n/s | 1973 |
| 1995 | ||
| A manual for checking the technical condition and maintenance of the BRDM-2 armored reconnaissance and patrol vehicle | n/s | 1973 |
| Armored reconnaissance and patrol vehicle BRDM-2. Catalog of parts and assembly units | n/s | 1979 |
| Series of posters “Armored reconnaissance and patrol vehicle BRDM-2”, 25 posters on 45 sheets | n/s | 1966 |
| 1988 | ||
| Instructions for carrying out RR on BRDM-2 and their modifications | n/s | 1989 |
GM-575
| Name of publications | vulture | the year of publishing |
| Tracked vehicle GM-575. Manual for military repairs, part I. Replacement and repair of units and components | n/s | 1975 |
| Tracked vehicle GM-575. Military repair manual, part II. Technical requirements for defect detection and repair of main components and parts | n/s | 1976 |
| Tracked vehicle GM-575. Catalog of components and parts | n/s | 1974 |
| 1989 | ||
| Tracked vehicle GM-575. Manual for checking technical condition | n/s | 1976 |
| Products GM-575, GM-568 and GM-578. Consumption rates for spare parts and materials for medium and current repairs | n/s | 1987 |
GM568 and GM578
| Name of publications | vulture | the year of publishing |
| Tracked vehicles GM-568M1 and GM-578M1. Manual for military repairs, part I. Replacement and repair of units and components | n/s | 1976 |
| Tracked vehicles GM-568M1 and GM-578M1. Military repair manual, part II. Technical requirements for defect detection and repair of main components and parts | n/s | 1976 |
| 1989 | ||
| Tracked vehicles GM-568 and GM-578. Manual for checking technical condition | n/s | 1976 |
Product 123 and 124
| Name of publications | vulture | the year of publishing |
| Product 2P24. Military repair manual. Replacement and repair of units and parts of the product 123 | Chipboard | 1975 |
| Product 124. Manual for military repairs, part I. Replacement and repair of units, components and parts | n/s | 1977 |
| Product 124. Military repair manual, part 11. Technical requirements for defect detection and repair of main components and parts | n/s | 1976 |
| 1986 | ||
| Products 2S4, 2S3M. Instructions for carrying out routine maintenance | n/s | 1988 |
| Product 124. Catalog of parts and assembly units | n/s | 1977 |
| Checking the technical condition of base tracked vehicles of objects 123 and 124. Manual | Chipboard | 1978 |
| Products 118, 118-2, 123, 124, 303, 305 and 307. Consumption rates for spare parts and materials for medium (only for training vehicles) and current repairs | n/s | 1983 |
Tractor units BTS-4 and BTS-4A
| Name of publications | vulture | the year of publishing |
| Tractor units BTS-4 and BTS-4A. Technical description and operating instructions | n/s | 1976 |
| BTS-4 tractor. Military repair manual | n/s | 1975 |
BREM-1
| Name of publications | vulture | the year of publishing |
| BREM-1. Technical description and operating instructions | n/s | 1994 |
Motorcycles K-750 and MV-750
| Name of publications | vulture | the year of publishing |
| Motorcycle K-750V (device, care and operation) | n/s | 1963 |
| Manual for military repair of motorcycles K-750V and MV-750 | n/s | 1967 |
| Catalog of components and parts of the K-750V motorcycle | n/s | 1962 |
| Catalog of components and parts for the MV-750 motorcycle | n/s | 1973 |
| A series of posters on the K-750V motorcycle | n/s | 1964 |
| Consumption rates for spare parts and materials for average and current repairs of motorcycles K-750, K-750V and MV-750 | n/s | 1970 |
Repair shops
| Name of publications | vulture | the year of publishing |
| Instructions for the MTO-60 maintenance vehicle | n/s | 1969 |
| MTO-70 maintenance workshop. Technical description and operating instructions | n/s | 1974 |
| MTO-80 maintenance workshop. Technical description and operating instructions | n/s | 1983 |
| Series of posters “MTO-80”, 16 posters on 20 sheets | n/s | 1990 |
| MTO-BTR maintenance workshop. Technical description and operating instructions | n/s | 1977 |
| 1993 | ||
| Instructions for a mobile tank repair shop type. A (TRM-60) | n/s | 1967 |
| Mobile tank repair shop type A (TRM-A-70). Technical description and operating instructions | n/s | 1971 |
| Mobile tank repair shop type A. Technical description and operating instructions | n/s | 1977 |
| Mobile tank repair workshop TRM-A-80. Technical description and operating instructions | n/s | 1980 |
| 1993 | ||
| MTP technical assistance vehicle. Technical description and operating instructions | n/s | 1974 |
| Technical assistance vehicle MTP-2. Technical description and operating instructions | n/s | 1976 |
| MTP-2. Consumption rates for spare parts and materials for medium and current repairs | n/s | 1994 |
| Instructions for a mobile tank repair shop type B (TRM-B-60) | n/s | 1968 |
| Instructions. Mobile workshop for repair of electrical equipment (MERO-60) | n/s | 1969 |
| Electrical equipment workshop MES. Technical description and operating instructions | n/s | 1977 |
| Instructions for the mobile repair and charging station PRZS-60A | n/s | 1969 |
| Mobile repair and charging station PRZS-70. Technical description and operating instructions | n/s | 1972 |
| Instructions for the mobile electric gas welding workshop EGSM-60U | n/s | 1968 |
| Mobile electric gas welding workshop (EGSM-70). Technical description and operating instructions | n/s | 1970 |
| Series of posters “EKUP and EKSK for military repair of tanks and infantry fighting vehicles”, 3 posters on 4 sheets | n/s | 1993 |
Tank engines
| Name of publications | vulture | the year of publishing |
| Tank engines V-2 and V-6. Technical description | n/s | 1975 |
| Series of posters Engines type V-2 and V-6, 38 posters on 70 sheets | n/s | 1972 |
| Engine GTD-1000T. Technical description | Chipboard | 1980 |
| Series of posters GTD-1000TF engine, 20 posters on 36 sheets | n/s | 1985 |
| Engine V-46 and V-46-6. Technical description | n/s | 1983 |
| Diesel V-84M (V-84, V-84-1). Technical description | n/s | 1991 |
| A series of posters on the design of the V-46-1 engine | n/s | 1989 |
| Series of posters “V-46 Engine”, 14 posters on 25 sheets | n/s | 1974 |
| Engine V-46-6. Catalog of parts and assembly units | n/s | 1985 |
| Engine 5TDF. Technical description | n/s | 1977 |
| Engine 5TDF. Catalog of parts and assembly units | n/s | 1974 |
| Series of posters “5TDF Engine”, 28 posters on 50 sheets | n/s | 1980 |
| 1992 | ||
| Engine UTD-20 and 5D-20. Technical description | n/s | 1972 |
| Diesels type 20. Catalog of parts and assembly units | n/s | 1985 |
| A series of posters on the design of the UTD-20 engine | n/s | 1982 |
| A series of posters on the design of the UTD-29 engine | n/s | 1990 |
| Engine 6-TD. Technical description | n/s | 1988 |
| A series of posters on the design of the 6-TD engine | n/s | 1988 |
| Catalog of components and parts of the UTD-20 engine | n/s | 1971 |
| Series of posters “UTD-20 Engine”, 15 posters on 24 sheets | n/s | 1982 |
Night-vision devices
| Name of publications | vulture | the year of publishing |
| Tank night vision devices. Technical description and operating instructions | n/s | 1973 |
| 1988 | ||
| TVNE-4PA device. User manual | n/s | 1986 |
| TVNE-1PA device. User manual | n/s | 1991 |
| Technical conditions for military repair of night vision devices of BT equipment | n/s | 1966 |
| Series of posters “Observation device TKN-2”, 3 posters on 5 sheets | n/s | 1961 |
| Series of posters “Observation device TKN-3”, 3 posters on 5 sheets | n/s | 1977 |
| Series of posters “BPK-1 device”, 4 posters on 5 sheets | n/s | 1981 |
Navigation equipment
| Name of publications | vulture | the year of publishing |
| Manual on the material part and operation of tank navigation equipment | n/s | 1968 |
| Series of posters “Navigation equipment TNA-2”, 6 posters on 13 sheets | n/s | 1974 |
| Series of posters “Navigation equipment TNA-3”, 7 posters on 14 sheets | n/s | 1973 |
| Tank navigation equipment. Technical description and operating instructions | n/s | 1988 |
| Product TNA-3. Military repair manual | n/s | 1977 |
| Series of posters “Navigation equipment”, 8 posters on 15 sheets | n/s | 1976 |
| Series of posters “Tank navigation equipment TNA-4”, 10 posters on 16 sheets | n/s | 1981 |
Electrical equipment
| Name of publications | vulture | the year of publishing |
| Lead-acid starter batteries. Management | n/s | 1983 |
| Application of automated silicon rectifiers of the VAC network. Benefit | n/s | 1976 |
| Technical conditions for military repairs of electrical equipment of BT equipment | n/s | 1976 |
| Series of posters “General electrical equipment of BT equipment”, 14 posters on 35 sheets (posters No. 5, 6, 7 have not been published) | n/s | 1969 |
| 1991 | ||
| Series of posters on tank batteries, 2 posters on 6 sheets | n/s | 1985 |
| Lead-acid starter batteries. User manual | n/s | 1991 |
| Technical conditions for military repair of electrical equipment of BT equipment, part I | n/s | 1968 |
| Technical conditions for military repair of electrical equipment of BT equipment, part II | Chipboard | 1968 |
Tank guns
| Name of publications | vulture | the year of publishing |
| 30 mm automatic cannon 2A42. Technical description | n/s | 1991 |
| 30 mm automatic cannon 2A42. User manual | n/s | 1991 |
| 115 mm U-5TS (2A20) tank gun. Technical description and operating instructions | n/s | 1986 |
| 73-mm smoothbore gun 2A28. Technical description and operating instructions | n/s | 1986 |
BTT operation and armored service
| Name of publications | vulture | the year of publishing |
| Operation of tanks, self-propelled guns and tracked armored personnel carriers in various climate and terrain conditions | n/s | 1968 |
| Technical conditions for the acceptance and transfer of armored vehicles in the army | n/s | 1988 |
| Standards for loading BTI on trucks, road trains and trailers. Directory | n/s | 1985 |
| Safety instructions for the operation and military repair of armored vehicles | n/s | 1979 |
| Armored Vehicle Maintenance Tools Guide | n/s | 1972 |
| Documents on armored service. Collection | Chipboard | 2001 |
| Standards for tank technical support | secret | 1986 |
| Tank technical support for tank (motorized rifle) units in combat conditions | n/s | 1989 |
| Methodological manual for the maintenance of tracked armored vehicles as part of units | n/s | 1975 |
| Guide to evacuation of BT equipment. | n/s | 1981 |
| The use of sets of devices, special wrenches and hand-powered tools in the military repair of armored vehicles. Instructions | n/s | 1977 |
| Instructions for the use of devices and special keys during military repairs of objects 172M and 434 | n/s | 1976 |
| Guide to instrumentation of armored vehicles and mobile workshops | n/s | 1982 |
| Series of posters “Maintenance equipment for armored vehicles”, 30 posters on 47 sheets | n/s | 1974 |
| A series of posters “Checking the technical condition of armored vehicles by the head of the KTP before leaving the park and upon returning to the park, 7 posters on 18 sheets | n/s | 1991 |
| Series of posters “Safety measures during operation and repair of armored vehicles, 41 posters on 61 sheets | n/s | 1987 |
| Album of TCB for armored vehicles | n/s | 1988 |
Storage of armored vehicles
| Name of publications | vulture | the year of publishing |
| Armored Vehicle Storage Guide | Chipboard | 1985 |
| Guidelines for the storage of armored equipment at bases, warehouses and in troops | Chipboard | 1985 |
| Instructions for storing mobile tank repair shops | n/s | 1970 |
| Instructions for short-term and long-term storage of BT equipment objects with sealing in semi-cases (cases) made of polymer films | Chipboard | 1972 |
| Instructions for storing lead-acid starter batteries | n/s | 1990 |
Parks and their equipment
| Name of publications | vulture | the year of publishing |
| Guide to the design and equipment of tank and motorized rifle unit parks | Chipboard | 1974 |
| Park equipment for operation and maintenance of armored vehicles. Album of drawings | n/s | 1974 |
| Standards for providing military units with park equipment for maintenance of tracked armored vehicles | Chipboard | 1982 |
| Manual for the head of the control and technical point for checking armored vehicles | n/s | 1976 |
| Series of posters “Design of parks”, 15 posters on 27 sheets | n/s | 1976 |
| Park equipment for maintenance and repair of armored vehicles and armored vehicles, book I, book II | n/s | 1989 |
Educational and methodological aids
| Name of publications | vulture | the year of publishing |
| Driving and evacuation of armored vehicles (textbook) | Chipboard | 1978 |
| Textbook for tank sergeants, book. II | n/s | 1983 |
| Operation of armored vehicles | n/s | 1989 |
| Motorized Rifle Sergeant's Manual, Book II | n/s | 1978 |
| Combat vehicles of motorized rifle units (manual) | n/s | 1978 |
| Training manual for technical training of tank crews | n/s | 1973 |
| Logistics support for a tank company | n/s | 1968 |
| Material part of tank weapons. Fundamentals and rules of tank shooting (tutorial) | n/s | 1970 |
| Methodological manual for technical training | n/s | 1975 |
| Methodological manual for technical training of tank units | n/s | 1977 |
| A manual for leaders of technical training classes for motorized rifle units. Book V. (Plans for conducting practical classes in departments and assignments for students to perform work) | n/s | 1971 |
| A manual for leaders of technical training classes for tank crews. Book III. | n/s | 1973 |
Tank T-72BA – description, photo report and photo detailing
Any borrowing and use of photographic materials posted here is only with the permission of the administration of the “Courage” website and the author of the photographs
T-72BA tank in the Russian armed forces goes back to the early 90s of the twentieth century. In 1991, the Nizhny Tagil "Uralvagonzavod" continued production of the T-72B , its export modification T-72S , together with UKBTM, it carried out work on modernizing and improving "object 184" , preparing for mass production of "object 188" , in parallel, work was carried out on even more promising machines. At the same time, the Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant was also involved in the production of Beshka. However, the collapse of the Soviet Union put an end to production plans. The abrupt cessation of funding for defense programs has brought enterprises to the brink of survival. Serial production of the T-72B was curtailed at both plants. Moreover, at ChTZ the production of tanks was curtailed completely and forever. For some time, UVZ continued to produce export products, engineering vehicles and cherished hopes of deploying a large series of T-90 (“object 188”) . However, the landslide conversion of 1992 forced Uralvagonzavod to take up a new business for itself - to master the repair of T-72B , as well as the repair of T-72A with modernization to the T-72B . This seemingly uncomplicated task required considerable elaboration. It was necessary, first of all, to determine the workshop where the machines would actually be disassembled. To develop defect detection technology, to develop measures for organizing and sending components and assemblies to workshops and third-party repair plants. Organize fuel and oil drainage and much more. During 1992, UVZ, for experimental purposes, repaired 10 vehicles in the T-72B and B1 . At the same time, the cost of repairing the T-72A with modification to the T-72B amounted to 8,400,000 rubles, and to the T-72B1 - 6,850,000-6,400,000 rubles, respectively. At the same time, for reference, the cost of the T-72S manufactured during the same period was 14,500,000 rubles * [internal prices at the time of the events described are indicated]. Thus, the modernization cost 44-58% of the cost of a new tank. The quality of repairs directly at the manufacturer was recognized as higher than repairs carried out by the TRZ MO, but its high cost compared to the same TRZ was deterrent. However, the management of UVZ, represented by General Director V.S. Seryakov. arrived with good hopes, planning to carry out repairs of up to 40 cars per month in 1993. Together with UKBTM, 3 options for deep modernization were developed:
1st option “B” with the installation of VDZ, “Curtains” and KUV “Svir” ;
2nd option “B1” with installation of VDZ and “Curtains” ;
3rd option “so-called ideal" with the installation of the 1A45 , closed charger, VDZ, "Curtain" and KUV "Reflex" .
But these good intentions were not destined to come true, because... the deep modernization program was not continued due to lack of funds from the Ministry of Defense. Instead, in 1993, UVZ carried out simple repairs in small batches with minimal modifications to the products. From 1994 to 1997 inclusive, no modernization or repair work on the T-72 .
With the change of general director (Nikolai Aleksandrovich Malykh took over this position in July 1997), work in the field of repair/modernization of T-72s also intensified. In 1998, in order to practice modernization skills, it was decided to take 20-30 products from the Ministry of Defense for major repairs. In March 1998, the ideology of the improvements was determined. For “object 172M” it consisted mainly of replacing the B-46 with a B-84 , installing an automated control system, a thermal imager and a Kontakt-5 . By the end of the year, the first vehicle, modernized according to this scheme, went into service, and the second was completed by installing the turret on the hull. Both cars were supposed to be shown at an exhibition in Abu Dhabi. However, this option again turned out to be expensive for the native Moscow region. “object 184” and “object 172M” vehicles were overhauled . The scope of improvements, like 5 years ago, was small. The following year, 1999, MSZ UVZ repaired 30 T-72B and B1 . The time has come to “legalize” the improvements carried out during the repair, and therefore, in the period from 15.10. On November 26, 2000, state tests of the modernized tank were carried out. After their successful completion, the tank was adopted by the Russian Army under the designation “T-72BA” ( “object 184A” and “object 184A1” according to internal factory documentation).
The first series of vehicles modernized in this way (1998-2000) were equipped with a complex of mounted dynamic protection "Contact" (part of "Kontakt-5" ), modified to the level of the T-72B of the latest production series (1991) OMS 1A40-1 . DVE-BS atmospheric conditions sensor in the rear part of the turret . The transcription “DVE-BS” stands for “capacitive wind sensor with an interface unit.” It is the interface unit that is responsible for the integration of this sensor into the 1A40-1 . The control system provides fully automatic operation, but the entry of the total correction remained manual. Later, the T-72BA 1A40-1M control system, modernized by Krasnogorsk Zenit . Distinctive features of the modernized complex are:
• the presence of a tank ballistic computer (TBC) on a microprocessor;
• taking into account side wind, roll, angular velocity of the target, individual departure angles and deviation of the initial velocity of projectiles;
• automatic input of aiming angles and lateral lead when firing from a cannon and a coaxial machine gun;
• semi-automatic tracking of a moving target;
• calculation of aiming angles and lateral lead for the commander's sight.
1A40-1 and 1A40-1M control systems include the Svir with 9M119 and 9M119M . 1K13-49 periscope passive-active night sight .
In 2005, after further modifications, it was put into service and the 1A40-M2 .
2E28M and 2E42-2 weapon stabilizers were replaced with the new 2E42-4 . Weapon stabilizer 2E42-4 “Jasmine” is two-plane with an electric machine drive in the horizontal plane and an electro-hydraulic drive in the vertical plane. Provides an average value of stabilization accuracy in the main mode: vertically 0.4 etc., horizontally 0.6 etc.
Instead of the V-84-1 and V-84M T-72B tank , which have the problem of overheating and burnout of the exhaust manifold, the T-72BA is equipped with an improved engine of this family - the V-84MS . The exhaust manifolds of this engine are equipped with bellows that mix exhaust gases with atmospheric air, which improved the temperature conditions of the manifold and reduced the thermal signature of the tank. Such engines were first installed on the export version of the T-72B - the T-72C “Shilden” . Similar to the T-90 mod. In 1993, the transmission was modified. Since 1999, the modernized T-72BA has been equipped with a new undercarriage with a caterpillar track with a parallel RMS (drawing 172.55.010sb1) and with the ability to install asphalt shoes (drawing 188.91.009sp); accordingly, a new idler and drive wheel sprocket were used.
In the area where the driver's seat is located, the underbody PMZ was strengthened. A transverse pillar and two additional stiffeners under the bottom were installed under the driver's seat. A spacer post is installed next to the seat, and the driver's seat itself is suspended from the roof of the hull. Overhead armor plates are installed between the stiffening ribs (optional).
During repairs, the fenders are modified to comply with drawing 185.40.005sb adopted on the T-72B since 1989, while the front metal mud flaps are necessarily replaced with “soft” rubber-metal ones.
The next series of vehicles (1999-2002) was generally similar to the first, but already had the Kontakt-5 . “Kontakt-5” , and in 2000 there were vehicles with NDZ, so the division into series adopted by the author is somewhat arbitrary.
Since 2003, a unified MTO with a 1000-horsepower V-92S2 , tested on the T-90S of the Indian order, similar to the MTO installations on the T-90A the T- . In addition to the engine, this includes a reinforced transmission, aluminum radiators with increased heat transfer, and a modified air cleaning system with a long confuser pipe. IR camouflage capabilities similar to the T-90A . The chassis has been improved - the dynamic travel of the rollers has been increased. Installed software with control system 3ETs13-1 . Complex of communications equipment “Paragraph” , which includes UKB radio station R-173 , radio receiver R-173P , antenna filter unit and AVSK R-174 . The radio station operates in the frequency range 30-76 MHz and has a memory device that allows ten communication frequencies to be prepared in advance. It provides a communication range of at least 20 km both on the spot and while moving over moderately rough terrain. a TVN-5 driver's night device are installed .
All tanks leaving the factory after modernization are painted with standard protective paint. Camouflage, if necessary, is applied to combat units. Moreover, the deforming painting schemes are variations of the schemes prescribed by the 1978 instructions.
Modern deformation painting schemes developed by the Steel Research Institute together with UKBTM are not used for unknown reasons.
T-72B of various production series and submodifications are received for overhaul and modernization At the same time, during the repair process, depersonalization and bringing to a single standard occurs. So, for example, in 2006, 2 T-72B , produced by UVZ in the spring of 1991 according to the specification “Object 184 with TShU” . During the inspection of the machines, it was decided not to restore the TSU complex, but to carry out repairs according to standard repair documentation. The only differences that remain between vehicles that have undergone repair and modernization work relate to the level of protection. Thus, during the serial production of the T-72B from 1985 to 1991, the design of the combined filling of the hull VLD and chines in the turret was repeatedly changed. The repair documentation for “Object 184A” and “Object 184A1” does not provide for interference with the existing armor structure. If there is combat damage to the hull and turret, they are repaired in accordance with the “BP Repair Instructions”; in extreme cases, the turret can be replaced with a similar one removed from an early scrapped tank. For the purposes of such repairs, as well as for the modernization of vehicles of very early production, GABTU creates a reserve of tank turrets, and the reserve includes only turrets of drawing 172.10.100sb and produced no earlier than 1989. Cases of repairing vehicles with battle damage are not so rare.
As a clear illustration, we can recall the repair work of 5 vehicles with “holes” in the hull and turrets that arrived at the plant in 2005. Among them was found the “seventy-two” who took part in the 1996 battles for Grozny. During the battle, at the moment when the gun was already loaded, the tank “caught” an RPG grenade in the side projection of the turret. The crew in the tower was killed. After removing the remains of the bodies of the dead tankers, the vehicle was sent first to a collection and evacuation point, and then for storage. There, at one of the armored personnel carriers, the vehicle stood for almost 9 years with OFS in the barrel. In the spring of 2005, as part of a batch of approximately 30 vehicles, it arrived at Uralvagonzavod for repairs. During the examination, traces of blood and half-decomposed remains of human tissue were found. A gun and a kind of “gift” were immediately discovered in the gun chamber. The vehicle was evacuated to the artillery and ammunition range of the Metal Testing Institute, where it was unloaded with the necessary caution. In general, the condition of the vehicles coming to the plant from the troops cannot be criticized. Often everything that can be looted, broken, dismantled. Moss, grass, and even... birch trees grow on the armor and on the shelves!
The scheme of repair and modernization work looks approximately as follows:
1. Delivery of a batch of vehicles to a plant with a chemical or military unit
2. Unloading
3. Draining fuel, oils and other liquids
4. Complete dismantling
5. Defects of components and assemblies
6. Shot blasting
7. Modification of the housing for installation of the engine, transmission, control drives and engine systems
8. Modification of the turret for the installation of a fire control system, a gun, and a modified automatic loader
9. Coloring
10. Repair of components and assemblies
11. Manufacturing and purchasing of new components and assemblies
12. Installation of systems, components and assemblies (both new and overhauled) in the housing:
• modification and installation of modernized final drives and internal gearboxes;
• installation of a new or overhauled engine;
• installation of a new transmission;
• installation of new engine systems;
• installation of new control drives;
• installation of a new chassis;
• installation of new electrical wiring and electrical equipment;
• installation of software system;
• installation of new means of communication;
• installation of a new automatic loader, etc. and so on.
13. Installation of systems, components and assemblies (both new and overhauled) in the tower and on the tower:
• installation of lining and overlay;
• installation of weapons;
• installation of control system elements;
• installation of new communication means, etc. and so on.
14. Mounting the tower on the hull
15. Installation of the remote sensing complex
16. Setup and testing work
17. Coloring
18. Acceptance tests
19. Shipment
This scheme explains the high costs of modernization relative to the release of a new machine. Technologically, modernization, in essence, turns out to be identical to the creation of a new car. The difference in costs is only that in the case of modernization there are costs for disassembling the machine and preparing the hull with the turret for subsequent installation work, and with new production there are costs for procuring materials and the actual manufacture of the hull and turret. It may seem that making from scratch is a more labor-intensive and expensive process. However, it is not. The design of Soviet-generation machines provides for conveyor-line serial production with a high level of automation and mechanization of work. This leads to a significant reduction in the cost of hull work and, as a result, the entire machine. In addition, the State, through the institution of military acceptance, very strictly controls the cost of work performed and the level of their profitability, even in our modern completely market capitalist conditions. The work of dismantling and disassembling a machine that has come for major repairs is mostly manual and labor-intensive. Manual hull work during modernization is also very labor-intensive - cutting and welding. All this makes a simple overhaul completely unprofitable for the manufacturer, and repairs with modernization unprofitable for the customer. It is no coincidence that for the purpose of major repairs in the USSR, a whole network of centrally subordinate tank repair plants was created within the Ministry of Defense. The lower cost of repairs for them was due to the absence of commercial costs for the enterprise and the practically zero level of planned profitability. Spare parts and equipment necessary for repairs were supplied either from storage and the State Reserve or through mass serial orders. In addition, armored personnel carriers, as a rule, did not perform complex hull work. A roughly similar scheme for carrying out major repairs and modernizations exists abroad. Particularly in the USA. In addition to the fact that all work related to the repair and modernization of armored vehicles is carried out at state arsenals, their profitability is also determined by the higher commercial cost of the new vehicle.
The paradox of the situation is that in the USSR and Russia, saving on the purchase of new equipment, strictly controlling its cost, we ourselves make further improvement of the machine and its modernization during overhauls impractical from an economic point of view. Although the modernization of the same “seventy-two”, but delivered for export, say, to India or Algeria, is quite a profitable undertaking for both the contractor and the customer, precisely because the cars were initially sold at a higher, “commercial” cost.
The first appearance of the T-72BA in public took place in July 2000 during the arms exhibition “Ural Expo Arms - 2000” at the Nizhny Tagil artillery range “Staratel”. To demonstrate the capabilities of the Kurgan Rusich , Uralvagonzavod, as a hospitable host, provided a machine to “load” the conveyor. This vehicle turned out to be a T-72BA, which was being prepared for delivery to the troops. At that time, the NDZ complex had not yet been installed on it, and there were no on-board screens. So that the “seventy-two” would not confuse the public and distinguished guests with its somewhat “unfinished” appearance, the car was carefully wrapped in a tarpaulin, so much so that only part of the trunk could be distinguished. There was also a curiosity: a video from this demonstration shown in one of Channel 1’s “Strike Force” programs, flavored with comments about the imminent appearance of a new promising tank in Russia, gave rise to a wave of rumors that a fundamentally new Russian combat vehicle was hiding under the tarpaulin (see . video tank_T-72AB.avi ). The reality was much simpler and more banal...
Currently, most of the modernized T-72BA are located in units of the Purvo. At the moment, T-72BA have appeared in the 276th motorized rifle regiment, 239th infantry regiment of the 34th motorized rifle division, as well as in the 81st motorized rifle regiment and 152th infantry regiment of the 27th motorized rifle division. Almost every year they can be seen at demonstrations of military equipment dedicated to the Victory Day holiday in the cities of Yekaterinburg and Samara. T-72BA regularly participate in PUrVO exercises, including such large-scale ones as “Southern Shield-2006”, the summer 2008 exercises in Ashuluk, and the autumn maneuvers “Tsentr-2008” . Moreover, the following fact was noticed during the exercises: T-72BA are usually the vehicles of platoon commanders.
Further deliveries of T-72BA , judging by some reports, are planned for units of the North Caucasus Military District (Vladikavkaz).
At the behest of the times, a containerized computerized training complex, designated MKT-184A T-72BA . At the time of publication, it is known that at least two sets of this complex have been supplied to military units stationed in the cities of Yekaterinburg and Vladikavkaz, respectively.
It is quite difficult to assess this modernization option. In terms of its ideology, it is 15 years out of date, but is fully consistent with the modern technical level, adjusted for operating conditions in the modern Russian Army. Particularly strong criticism, apparently, should be subjected to the fire control system for the absence of a thermal imager in its composition. However, this version of the control system was implemented by UKBTM in several more expensive T-72 . In 1998-99 The factory's selling price for these machines was 13-34% lower than their cost. Those. UVZ modernized tanks for our Army at a loss. Today, the Moscow Region is also in no hurry to become generous - supplies are on the verge of profitability. Thus, the T-72BA can be called a “modernization for money” - what you paid for is what you got! There is no point in blaming UVZ and UKBTM for their conservative approaches and technical backwardness. At the moment they are only fulfilling customer requirements with very meager funding.
Next - photo reports and photo detailing of the T-72BA >>>
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T-72 Ural
DATA FOR 2013 (standard update)| T-72 "Ural" / "object 172M" | T-72B/B1 |
| T-72 "Ural-1" / "object 172M1" | T-72S / T-72M1M |
| T-72K "Ural-K" / "object 172MK" | T-72BK |
| T-72A / "object 176" | T-72B(M) / T-72BM |
| T-72AK / "object 176K" | T-72BA |
| T-72M/M1 |
Medium and main tank. Design Bureau "UralvagonUralvagonzavod" has developed a modification of the T-64A tank with a V-45 diesel engine ("object 445"). Adopted into service in 1973. Serially produced at (UVZ, Nizhny Tagil, production capacity - 1200 tanks/year) since 1974 (the first modifications were in production until 1979). During the period from 1974 to 1990, Uralvagonzavod produced 20,544 T-72 tanks of various modifications. The largest number of T-72 tanks—1,559 units—were produced in 1985 (source).
Description of modifications is in the Modifications section (see below). If the name of the modification is not specified, then the data applies to all major modifications of the tank.
T-72AV tank of the Syrian armed forces. The photo is probably from 2012-2013. (source).
T-72C tanks of the Indian Armed Forces, probably spring 2012 (https://www.militaryphotos.net).
Main tank T-72BA (photo by S.V. Andreev, Samara, May 9, 2008)
Early Western representation of the appearance of the T-72 main tank, 1975-1976.
(The Soviet War Machine. An encyclopedia of Russian military equipment and strategy. NY, Chartwell Books, 1977.). Crew - 3 people (driver, gunner, commander) Design - typical classic - control compartment in the front part of the hull, fighting compartment in the central part and engine compartment in the aft part. The body is welded from rolled sheets with a thickness of 70.8 and 85 mm. The frontal part of the hull has a three-layer combined armor - steel, fiberglass, steel. The turret is a cast hemispherical streamlined shape with a narrow embrasure for the cannon. The front part of the turret has combined armor on the prototypes “object 172” and “object 172M”. Starting from the first production T-72, the turret is made of a monolithic cast with variable thickness. On the serial T-72 / “object 172M1” the hull and turret armor has been improved. The T-72A uses combined armor filled with sand cores in the frontal part of the turret. The export version of the T-72A, the T-72M, is distinguished by its turret armor. On the export T-72M1, the armor of the upper frontal part of the hull was reinforced (a 16 mm thick sheet was welded on) and the turret armor was combined like the T-72A - with a filler of sand cores. Reservations:
| Body forehead (mm) | Tower forehead (mm) | |
| “object 172”, “object 172M”, T-72 export | 205 | 400-410 |
| T-72 serial. 1976 (results of comparative tests with T-80) | 305 | 410 |
| T-72M (export) | 60+105+50 | 450 |
| T-72M1 (export) | 60+105+50+16 | 530 |
T-72 / “object 172M” - four rotating anti-cumulative shields are installed on the sides of the hull (similar to the T-64A). After testing the experimental T-72 of the first series with rubber side screens at the training ground of the Research Institute of Armored Vehicles in Kubinka, side screens began to be installed on production tanks (since 1979). The export T-72M is equipped with rubber side screens (optional) or anti-cumulative shields similar to the first T-72 (optional). T-72M1 - side rubber screens. Mounted dynamic protection has been used since the T-72M1 (1982) - mounted armor for the turret and upper part of the hull appeared. T-72AV (1985) - a mounted dynamic protection complex is used, similar in composition to the T-64BV set (about 200 containers). The T-72B is equipped with a similar set of mounted dynamic protection - used in several different configurations (at least three) - consisting of 227 containers (including 61 containers on the upper part of the hull), and since 1988 on the T-72B and In modifications, built-in dynamic protection is installed, which is sometimes supplemented with a hinged one. The export modification of the T-72S uses a set of mounted dynamic protection similar to the T-72B, but consisting of 155 containers. T-72BK / T-72BM / T-72BA - a complex of built-in dynamic protection of the second generation "Contact-5" (developed by the Steel Research Institute, 1986, Moscow). 4S22 protection elements are used. In terms of nomenclature and design, it is similar to the first series of T-90.
Built-in dynamic protection "Contact-5" on the frontal upper part of the T-72BA hull (photo by S.V. Andreev, Samara, May 9, 2008)
Built-in dynamic protection "Contact-5" on the frontal upper part of the T-72BA hull (photo by S.V. Andreev, Samara, May 9, 2008)
Built-in dynamic protection "Contact-5" on the left side of the T-72BA turret, front view (photo by S.V. Andreev, Samara, May 9, 2008)
Built-in dynamic protection "Contact-5" on the roof of the T-72BA turret, front view (photo by S.V. Andreev, Samara, May 9, 2008)
Built-in dynamic protection "Contact-5" on the right side of the T-72BA turret, side view (photo by S.V. Andreev, Samara, May 9, 2008)
Side screens of the T-72BA (photo by S.V. Andreev, Samara, May 9, 2008)
Chassis: 1) “object 172” - similar to the chassis of the T-64A. 2) “object 172M” and T-72 - the chassis was created using the chassis of the experimental tank “object 167”. Engine : 1) “object 172” (until November 1969) - V-45 diesel with a power of 780 hp. 2) “object 172” (from November 1969), “object 172M”, T-72, T-72K, T-72M, T-72M1 - V-46 diesel engine with 780 hp. 3) T-72 / “object 172M1”, T-72 export, T-72A / AK, T-72AV - diesel B-46-6 with a power of 780 hp. 4) T-72B / B1, T-72S, T-72BK, T-72BM - diesel V-84-1 with a power of 840 hp. 5) T-72B2 “Slingshot” - V-92S2 diesel engine with a power of 1000 hp. With.
| volume 172 | volume 172M | T-72 / ob.172M T-72K | T-72 / ob.172M1 | T-72 export | T-72A T-72AK T-72M/M1 | |
| Combat weight (t) | 41 | 42 | 41 | 41,5 | 41,5 | 41-41,5 |
| Fuel capacity (l) | nd | nd | 705+495 765+495 (K) | 705+495 | nd | 705+1045 |
| Length (mm) | 9530 | 9530 | 9530 | 9530 | 9530 | 9530 |
| Case length (mm) | 6860 | 6860 | 6860 | 6860 | ||
| Width (mm) | 3370 | 3370 | 3460 | 3466 | 3570 | 3590 |
| Height (mm) | 2190 | 2200 | 2190 | 2190 | 2208 | 2190 |
| Ground clearance (mm) | 500 | 470 | 470 | 470 | 469 | 470-495 |
| Specific ground pressure (kg/sq.cm) | 0,9 | 0,85 | 0,85 | 0,83 | 0,83 | 0,84 |
| Specific power (hp/t) | 19 | 18,6 | 19 | 18,8 | 18,8 | 18,8-19 |
| Speed (km/h) | 60 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 60 |
| Cruising range (km) | 650 | 650 | 500 | 500 | 500 | 460-650 |
| T-72AV | T-72B T-72B1 | T-72S | T-72BK T-72BM | |
| Combat weight (t) | 43 | 44,5 | 44,5 | 44,5 |
| Fuel capacity (l) | 705+1045 | 1200+400 | nd | 1200+400 |
| Length (mm) | 9530 | 9530 | 9530 | 9530 |
| Case length (mm) | 6860 | 6860 | 6860 | 6860 |
| Width (mm) | 3590 | 3460 | 3590 | 3460 |
| Height (mm) | 2140 | 2226 | 2222 | 2226 |
| Ground clearance (mm) | 470 | 470 | 490 | 470 |
| Specific ground pressure (kg/sq.cm) | 0,87 | 0,9 | 0,85 | 0,85 |
| Specific power (hp/t) | 18,1 | 18,9 | 18,85 | 18,9 |
| Speed (km/h) | 55 | 60 | 60 | 60 |
| Cruising range (km) | 500 | 500 | 600 | 500 |
Obstacles to be overcome: - climb - 30 degrees. — roll — 25 degrees. — wall — 0.85 m — ditch — 2.6-2.8 m — ford — 1.2 m — OPVT — 5 m depth of obstacle, length up to 1000 m Fuel consumption during military operation (T-72, 1974-1975) — 4.5 l/km Armament :
| Tank type | Main weapon | Twin systems | Anti-aircraft installation | Additional weapons |
| object 172 (1968) | 125 mm D-81T cannon, 39 rounds of ammunition. | 7.62 mm PKT machine gun, 2000 rounds of ammunition. | 12.7 mm machine gun NSVT-12.7, ammunition 300 rounds. | No |
| object 172M (1971) | 125 mm D-81T cannon, 45 rounds of ammunition. | without changes | without changes | No |
| T-72 (1973) | 125 mm D-81TM cannon, 39 rounds of ammunition. | without changes | without changes | No |
| T-72K (1974) | 125 mm D-81TM cannon, 31 rounds of ammunition. | without changes | without changes | No |
| T-72 export (1975) | 125 mm D-81T cannon, 44 rounds of ammunition. | without changes | without changes | No |
| T-72A/AK (1979) T-72M1 (1982) T-72AV (1985) | 125 mm 2A46 cannon, 44 rounds of ammunition. T-72AK - 36 rounds. | without changes | without changes | No |
| T-72M (1980) | 125 mm D-81 cannon, 44 rounds of ammunition. | without changes | without changes | No |
| T-72B/B1 (1985) T-72S (1987) T-72BK (1987) T-72BM (1988) | 125 mm 2A46M cannon, 45 rounds of ammunition. | without changes | without changes | ATGM 9K120 "Svir" (T-72B and T-72BM only) |
Smoothbore 125 mm cannon D-81T with a two-plane stabilizer 2E28 - “object 172” and “object 172M”. The “object 172M” and T-72 have an electromechanical automatic loader with separate supply of projectile and cartridge case. The T-72 of the first series was equipped with a 2E28M two-plane stabilizer. starting with the T-72 / “obekt 172M1”, a heat-protective gun casing is installed. The export T-72 (1975) is equipped with a D-81T cannon with a heat-protective casing and a 2E28M stabilizer. Smoothbore 125 mm gun 2A46 with a heat-protective casing and a two-plane stabilizer 2E28M (since 1982 - 2E42-2) - T-72A (1979). On the T-72B / T-72B1 / T-72S / T-72BK / T-72BM there is a modification of the 2A46M gun with the possibility of using an ATGM, a heat protection casing and a 2E42-2 stabilizer.
Anti-aircraft machine gun mount with a 12.7 mm NSVT-12.7 “Utes” machine gun with manual control.
ZPU of the main T-72BA tank without an anti-aircraft machine gun (photo by S.V. Andreev, Samara, May 9, 2008)
The 9K120 Svir ATGM is included in the T-72B (1985) and T-72BM (1988) weapons. The application is provided by the 1A40-1 weapon control system with a 1K13-49 laser sight-rangefinder. Equipment : Weapon control system: 1A40 with laser sight-rangefinder TPD-K1 - T-72A / AK / M1, T-72AV 1A40-1 with laser sight-rangefinder 1K13-49 - T-72B, T-72B1, T-72BK , T-72BM Optical sight: TPD-2-49 (tank sight-rangefinder) - “object 172”, “object 172M”, T-72, T-72K Laser sight-rangefinder: TPD-K1 - T-72A / AK / M1, T-72AV 1K13-49 - T-72B, T-72B1, T-72S, T-72BK, T-72BM Night sight: TPN-1 with IR spotlight - “object 172″,”object 172M” TPN -1-49-23 with IR spotlight - T-72, T-72K TPN-3-49 with IR spotlight - T-72A / AK / M1 / AV Observation device: TKN-3 Radio station: R-123 - " object 172", "object 172M" R-123M - T-72, T-72A, T-72M1, T-72AV R-123, R-130 HF range - T-72K R-123M, R-130M HF- range - T-72AK R-173 with digital control - R-72B, T-72B1, T-72S, T-72BM R-173 and HF radio station of the R-130M class - T-72BK Navigation equipment: Gyropolukopas GPK-59 - T-72, T-72A TNA-3 - T-72K, T-72AK, T-72BK
Equipment for setting up smoke screens TDA (thermodynamic equipment). Since 1979, the T-72 (and later modifications) have been equipped with 902B “Tucha” launchers for setting up smoke screens (12 launchers on the turret in different combinations). The first series of T-72A tanks were not installed. The T-72AV / T-72B / B1 / S is equipped with 8 902B launchers.
Launchers of the 902B “Tucha” system on the T-72BA tank, left side (photo by S.V. Andreev, Samara, May 9, 2008)
Anti-nuclear protection equipment (except for export modifications). Underwater tank driving equipment (OPVT) ensures overcoming water obstacles up to 1000 m wide and up to 5 m deep. T-72 / T-72A tanks (and modifications released later, including the export T-72S) are equipped with a mount for a roller mine trawl KMT-6 and equipment for self-digging. Modifications : “object 172” (1968) - experimental medium tank, several samples were produced. According to the design documentation of “object 445” transferred from KhZ, the tanks were assembled with a B-45 engine. After testing in 1968-1969, diesel engines were replaced by B-46 (November 1969). The tank did not go into mass production at Uralvagonzavod. “object 172M” (1971) - an experimental medium tank, several samples were produced based on the “object 172” with the installation of a V-46 diesel engine and using the chassis of the experimental tank “object 167”. Developed by the UVZ design bureau, a pilot series was produced "UralvagonUral" / "object 172M" (1973) - the main tank, developed on the basis of the experimental medium tank "object 172M" at the design bureau "UralvagonUral-1" / "object 172M1" (1973). ) - main tank, modification of the T-72 with improved armor and a modified location of the night sight searchlight. Entered into service in 1973, mass-produced in 1975-1979. T-72K "Ural-K" / "object 172MK" (1974) - command version of the main T-72 tank. Adopted into service in 1974, mass-produced by UVZ. Additionally, an HF radio station, navigation equipment and an AB-1 P/30 gas-powered electric unit were installed. In design, engine and armament, the tank is similar to the T-72 / “object 172M”. T-72 export (1975) - the main tank, an export modification of the T-72 with a modified design of the frontal part of the turret, without anti-nuclear protection, with a D-81T cannon (and not the D-81TM as on the serial ones for the USSR Armed Forces) and with others set of ammunition. It was serially produced at UVZ starting in 1975. Otherwise, the tank is similar to the serial T-72. T-72A / “object 176” (1979) - main tank, modification of the T-72 / “object 172M1”. development began by decree of the USSR Council of Ministers dated December 16, 1976 at the UVZ design bureau. Entered service in 1979. The tank differs from the base model by installing a laser sight-rangefinder and updated equipment. The design of the frontal part of the turret has been changed - combined armor with a filler of sand cores is used. Since 1982, the gun stabilizer has been replaced with 2E42-2. UVZ was serially produced in 1979-1985. T-72AK / “object 176K” (1979) - main tank, command modification of the T-72A. Additionally, an HF radio station, navigation equipment and an AB-1 P/30 gas-powered electric unit were installed. Structurally and in terms of armament, it is no different from the T-72A. T-72M (1980) - main tank, export modification of the T-72A with a modified design of the turret armor protection, without anti-nuclear protection, with a D-81 cannon with a heat-protective casing, without 902B mortars, with side rubber screens and another set of ammunition. It was serially produced at UVZ starting in 1980. Otherwise, the tank is similar to the serial T-72A. T-72M1 (1982) - main tank, export modification of the T-72A - modernization of the T-72M with increased armor for the upper frontal part of the hull, combined armor for the turret similar to the T-72A type - with a filler of sand cores. The rest of the tank is similar to the serial T-72A and T-72M. T-72AV (1985) - main tank - modification of the T-72A with installation of a mounted dynamic protection kit on the hull and turret. Developed by the UVZ design bureau, put into service in 1985, modernization was carried out by repair plants of the USSR Ministry of Defense since 1985. T-72B (1985) - the main tank - created on the basis of the T-72A with the installation of the Svir ATGM and a set of mounted dynamic protection . Developed by the UVZ design bureau, put into service in 1985, UVZ has been mass-produced since 1985. Later modernized (1988) with the installation of built-in dynamic protection. T-72B1 (1985) - main tank - a variant of the T-72B tank without the Svir ATGM. Adopted into service in 1985, UVZ has been mass-produced since 1985. Later modernized (1988) with the installation of built-in dynamic protection.
T-72B(M) / T-72BM / “object 184” (1985) - main tank, a modernized version of the T-72B. The tank was developed by the UVZ design bureau, put into service in 1985, and was mass-produced by UVZ from 1988 until the start of production of the T-90 (1992). The design is similar to the T-72B, but with the installation of built-in dynamic protection.
T-72S / T-72M1M (1987) - main tank, export version of the T-72B without the Svir ATGM and with a modified set of mounted dynamic protection. When developed by UVZ Design Bureau, the tank was designated T-72M1M. UVZ has been in serial production since 1987. T-72BK (1987) - main tank, command modification of the T-72B. Additionally, an HF radio station, navigation equipment and an AB-1 P/30 gas-powered electric unit were installed. UVZ adopted it for service and has been mass-produced since 1987. Its design is similar to the T-72B. T-72BU / “object 188” / T-90 (1989) - an experimental prototype of an improved modification of the T-72 adopted for service and began mass production in 1992 as the T-90. Developed by Design Bureau "Uralvagonobject 184M" (2006) - an experimental tank with a modernized 2A46M5 gun and a new set of equipment. The artillery gun has increased fire accuracy, installed a special device for increasing firing accuracy, a multi-channel (sighting, rangefinder, thermal imaging channels and a channel combined with them for guiding guided missiles) gunner's sight "Sosna" manufactured by OJSC "Peleng" (Belarus), equipped with a thermal imaging camera of the second generation of French production CATHERINE by Thomson-CSF, the tank is equipped with dynamic protection of the modular type "Relic", a new V-92S2 engine with a power of 1000 hp. With. The tank is also equipped with an auxiliary power unit (APU), an electromagnetic protection system that provides protection against anti-tank mines with magnetic fuses. The T-72B2 tank was first demonstrated at an exhibition in Nizhny Tagil in 2006. It is not mass-produced. Probably, in 2011, deliveries began in the form of a modification of the T-72BM to replace the T-72B1, at least in part of the Southern Military District of the Russian Armed Forces.
Tank T-72B2 “Slingshot” at an exhibition of equipment in Nizhny Tagil, 2009 (photo - A. Khlopotov, https://btvt.narod.ru).T-72B3 / T-72BM1 (?) / “object 184M1 (?)” (2012) - a production tank with a modernized 2A46M5 gun, with a new set of equipment. Production is carried out by the Uralvagonzavod PA under the State Defense Order of 2012. First mention in the media - 09/03/2013 (RIA Novosti). “As part of the implementation of the program for rearmament of troops of the Western Military District (WMD) with new types of weapons and military equipment in the motorized rifle formation of the 20th Guards Combined Arms Army, stationed in Nizhny Novgorod, the replacement of outdated tanks with new deeply modernized T-72B3 tanks was completed,” reports press. The re-equipment of the brigade completely with new tanks will be completed by the end of 2013. A new fire control system is installed on the tank. “The thermal imaging channel of the main sight ensures reliable operation of guidance devices in all weather conditions, regardless of the time of day. In addition, the tank’s armament allows the use of new types of ammunition with increased armor penetration.” T-72B3 tanks entered service with the Western Military District in accordance with the state defense order in 2012. Uralvagonzavod made an early delivery of T-72B3 tanks to the troops from the 2013 stock. In total, as of October 14, 2013, the formations of the 20th Guards Combined Arms Army had received more than 150 new T-72B3 tanks since the beginning of the year (source).
Based on the T-72, the following were created : - BREM-1 - armored repair and recovery vehicle - MTU-72 - tank bridge layer Status : USSR / Russia
— 1974 — 1990 — total production of T-72 tanks of various modifications “Uralvagonobject 172M1”.
— 1979 — 1985 - serial production of T-72A.
— 1985 — 1988 - serial production of T-72B.
- 1985 - within a year, about 130 T-72B tanks arrived at UralvagonUralvagonzavod for major overhaul and modernization. Repairs and modernization of this batch of tanks are planned to be carried out as part of the state defense order for 2012. The tanks will be equipped with a new engine, fire control complex and modern communications equipment, which will increase the effectiveness of their use on the battlefield.
- 2012, beginning of May - The Russian Ministry of Defense and Uralvagonzavod signed a contract for the modernization of 360 T-72 tanks over three years in the amount of 19.5 billion rubles. The work will be paid in advance annually.
- 2013 October 14 - since the beginning of the year, the formations of the 20th Guards Combined Arms Army (Nizhny Novgorod) as of October 14, 2013 received more than 150 new T-72B3 tanks (source).
— 2013 November 6 — T-72B1 tanks will arrive in motorized rifle brigades of the combined arms formation of the Eastern Military District by the end of the year. During November-December, it is planned to receive 50 T-72B1 tanks from factories (source). Summary table of T-72 receipts in the Armed Forces of the USSR and Russia (* and italics indicate estimated data not confirmed by third-party sources, 2010):
| T-72BA | T-72B1 | T-72B3 | Total |
| 2006 | 155-186 | Kris Kelvin data | |
| 2007 | 155 | Kris Kelvin data | |
| 2008 | 217 | Kris Kelvin data | |
| 2009 | |||
| 2010 | 198* | presumably a government order | |
| 2011 | |||
| 2012 | -40 | tanks were sent by units of the Southern Military District to storage bases | |
| 2013 | 150 | arrival of new tanks in parts of the Western Military District | |
| 2013 | 50 | arrival of new tanks in parts of the Eastern Military District |
Export : The T-72 was widely exported; production of the first export modification began in 1975.
Azerbaijan : - 2008 - 62 T-72 tanks were delivered; - 2009 mid - 182 T-72 tanks in service; - March 2010 - Israeli company Elbit Systems announced a contract with a state in Asia for the modernization of tanks in the amount of 56 million USD. Under the contract, it is planned to install new battle control systems and surveillance devices. - 2010 October 18 - the media announced that the Israeli company Elbit Systems won the tender to modernize the T-72 tanks of the Azerbaijani army.
T-72B of the Azerbaijani Army, 2011 (https://mediaforum.az).
Algeria : - 2007 in service with 350 T-72s. A tank modernization program has been launched jointly with Russia.
Angola - 2007 in service with 50 T-72s along with T-80 and T-84 (Ukraine).
Bulgaria
Hungary
Venezuela : - 2009 - Russia provided an export loan for the purchase of 92 T-72B1 tanks and other equipment. - 2010 October 15 - the Russian Prime Minister announced the possible supply of T-72M1M tanks in the amount of 35 units. In the near future, an export loan in the amount of more than 4 billion USD has been signed. — 2011 May 31 — a batch of 35 T-72B1 tanks was received by sea from Russia. - 2012 April 12 - information appeared in the media about the completion of the delivery of a batch of 92 T72B1 tanks under a 2009 contract. Before delivery, the T-72B1 tanks underwent repairs and modernization at the 103rd tank repair plant in Transbaikalia.
GDR/Germany - 1990 - in service with NVA. - 1990 - a modernization project was considered by Giat (France) and DMD (Slovakia) for the fleet of NATO M-60 and Leopard-1 tanks. One of the rearmament options included the installation of a T-72 turret manufactured by the Slovak company DMD with a NATO 120 mm cannon. The project did not move beyond the discussion of plans.
Hypothetical image of a Leopard 1 tank with a T-72 turret and a NATO 120 mm gun (Stern, 1990).
Georgia: - 2005 - 16 T-72 tanks were delivered from Ukraine to the state. - April 2007 - from Ukraine, Ukrspetsexport Group of Companies, from the base in Ilyichevsk, 1 piece of T-72B and T-72BK was delivered to Georgia. Both tanks are equipped with the Kontakt dynamic protection system. A contract for the supply of 20 T-72 tanks has been agreed. — August 2007 — 12 T-72 tanks and spare parts for them were delivered to Georgia, presumably by the American company VVS Engineering LTD. Presumably from Ukraine. — 2007 December 26 — 1 T-72B tank with Kontakt dynamic protection and a spare parts set-1 was delivered. The delivery was made from Ukraine, Ukrspetsexport Group of Companies, from a base in Ilyichevsk. - May 2008 - a contract was signed for the supply from Ukraine in the second half of the year of 20 T-72 tanks, which are being removed from service with the Ukrainian Armed Forces. - August 2008 - T-72 Georgian Armed Forces take part in the Georgian-Ossetian conflict, with heavy losses during the assault on Tskhinvali and in the future.
T-72 tanks of the Georgian Armed Forces, probably spring 2012 (https://www.militaryphotos.net).
India : - 2011 - about 2000 T-72 tanks are in service with the ground forces.
- 2011 May 23 - the media stated that in the next few years the Indian Ministry of Defense intends to modernize the existing fleet of T-72 tanks. T-72 tanks will receive 1000 hp engines, enhanced armor, and new fire control and communications systems. After modernization, T-72 tanks will be able to be integrated into a unified automated combat control system (lenta.ru). Congo : - 2010 - Ukraine supplied 100 tanks, probably from Soviet stocks. Libya :
- 2010 - a modernization program for T-72 tanks is underway (modernization is carried out by Russia).
Poland:
Romania
Syria : - 2010 - a modernization program for T-72 tanks is underway (modernization is carried out by Russia). - 2012 - T-72AV tanks are in service.
Sudan : - 2010 - 60 T-72M1 tanks were delivered from Ukraine, probably from Soviet stocks. USA : - August 2007 - 12 T-72 tanks and spare parts for them were delivered to Georgia, presumably by the American company VVS Engineering LTD. Presumably from Ukraine.
Ukraine: - 1992 - the Ukrainian Armed Forces have more than 1000 T-72 tanks. - 2005 - 16 tanks were delivered to the Georgian state. - April 2007 - from Ukraine, Ukrspetsexport Group of Companies, from the base in Ilyichevsk, 1 piece of T-72B and T-72BK was delivered to Georgia. Both tanks are equipped with the Kontakt dynamic protection system. A contract for the supply of 20 T-72 tanks has been agreed. — August 2007 — 12 T-72 tanks and spare parts for them were delivered to Georgia, presumably by the American company VVS Engineering LTD. Presumably from Ukraine. - 2007 December 26 - 1 T-72B tank with Kontakt dynamic protection and a spare parts set-1 was delivered to Georgia. The delivery was made from Ukraine, Ukrspetsexport Group of Companies, from a base in Ilyichevsk. - May 2008 - a contract was signed for the supply from Ukraine in the second half of the year of 20 T-72 tanks to Georgia, which are being removed from service with the Ukrainian Armed Forces.
T-72B of the Ukrainian Armed Forces in training, 2011 (https://vkontakte.ru).
Finland
Czechoslovakia : - 1994 - start of development of a modernization option for T-72 tanks - T-72M4CZ. T-72 tanks are in service (more than 140 units). - 2000 - completion of tank development, start of military tests; — 2001 spring — testing of the tank’s weapon systems, adoption of the Government’s decision to modernize 140 T-72 tanks. - August 2001 - decision to modernize for economic reasons 30 T-72 tanks according to the T-72M4CZ standard. - 2003 - release of the first series of modernized tanks from the VOP-25 plant, technical tests of serially modernized tanks. the first 10 tanks were transferred to the armed forces. — 2004 — 10 more tanks were transferred. — 2005 — transfer of 8 modernized tanks. - February 2006 - transfer of the last 2 modernized tanks from a total batch of 30 units. The total cost of modernization was 156 million USD or 5.2 million USD per 1 tank. - 2011 August 24 - the media announced that the Government of the Republic had decided to sell 100 T-72 tanks in the reserve of the Czech Armed Forces. It was decided to keep the T-72M4CZ tanks in service until 2025, when their service life expires.
TTX T-72M4CZ: Weight - 48 tons Maximum speed - 61 km/h During the modernization, equipment and systems produced in the USA, Great Britain, Italy and Israel were used.
Tank T-72M4CZ of the Czech Armed Forces, photo no earlier than 2008 and no later than 2010 (photo by Jan Kouba, https://www.acr.army.cz).
Ethiopia : - 2011 - 200 modernized T-72 tanks were purchased from Ukraine. Yugoslavia
Sources: Armed forces of foreign countries. // Foreign Military Review. No. 7 / 2007 Karpenko A.V. Review of domestic armored vehicles (1905-1995). St. Petersburg, Nevsky Bastion, 1996 Lenta.ru. Website https://lenta.ru, 2010-2012 Russian Ministry of Defense. Website https://www.mil.ru, 2012. Leopard-1 tank with a T-72 turret. // https://alternathistory.org.ua, 2009. Armada Ceske republiky. Website https://www.acr.army.cz/, 2008 Kris Kelvin, Repair, modernization and procurement of military equipment for the RF Armed Forces, https://paralay.iboards.ru, 2010 MilitaryPhotos.Net. Website https://militaryphotos.net, 2008-2011
