Light machine gun Hotchkiss Portative / Hotchkiss .303 Portable Mk.I machine gun / Benet-Mercie machine rifle M1909 (France - UK - USA)

Light machine gun

Hotchkiss M1909 Benét–Mercié machine gun
Hotchkiss Mark I.
Type	Light machine gun
Place of origin	France
Service history
In service	1909–1945
Used	See Users
Wars	Border War World War I Russian Civil War Irish Civil War Era of the Commander Spanish Civil War World War II
Production history
Designer	Laurence Benet and Henri Mercy
Developed	1901
Manufacturer	Hotchkiss et Cie
Produced	1909
No built	40,000+ in GB; ~700 in US
Options	Hotchkiss M1909 (French Army, 8×50mm Lebel) Hotchkiss Mark I (UK, .303) Benét–Mercié M1909 machine gun (US, .30-06)
Characteristics
Weight	12 kg (26.5 lb)
Length	1.23 m (48 in) [1]
Barrel length	64 cm (25 inches) [1]
Cartridge	.303 British (Great Britain) 8 mm Lebel (France) .30-06 Springfield (USA) 7 × 57 mm Mauser (Brazil and Spain)
Caliber	.303 (7.70 mm) 8 mm .30 (7.62 mm) 7 mm
Action	Gas
Rate of fire	400-600 rounds per minute [1]
Maximum firing range	3800 m
Feeding system	30-circle feed belt or belt feed

Hotchkiss M1909 machine gun

was a machine gun in the early 20th century, designed and built by Hotchkiss ET CIE.
It was also known as Hotchkiss Mark I
,
Hotchkiss Portative
and
M1909 Benét-Mercié
.

Design[edit]

It was based on a design by Austrian nobleman and army officer Adolf Odkolek von Uezd, who sold the production rights to Hotchkiss in 1893. [ Citation needed

] Hotchkiss's American manager Lawrence Benet and his French assistant Henri developed several improved versions of the Mercié.

It was gas powered and air cooled, had a maximum range of 3,800 m (4,200 yd) and weighed 12 kg (27 lb). The original models were belt-fed for 30 rounds, but later models could be either strip-fed or belt-fed. The American types had a bipod, while some others had a small tripod. Mounted underneath the firearm, this tripod could be moved with the weapon and was very different from the larger tripods of the period.

Device

It used the 8x50 mm R Lebel cartridge - in a rigid brass tape, in addition to a fabric one. In 1900, a new version appeared - with a steel radiator and tripod, with horizontal and vertical guidance mechanisms, and a rate of fire regulator was also introduced. The machine gun uses an automatic piston engine with removal of powder gases through a transverse hole at the bottom of the barrel and a long stroke of the gas piston.

Hotchkiss machine guns were installed on some French-made armored vehicles: in particular, on Renault FT-17, CA-1 Schneider, Saint Chamond, 2C tanks.

Production[edit]

Production began at the Hotchkiss factory in Saint-Denis, Paris, but in 1914, with the German army threatening the city, French military authorities ordered the factory to be moved to Lyon. The following year, the British government invited Hotchkiss to establish a factory in Coventry. By the end of the war, more than 40 thousand M1909s were manufactured at this plant. [2]

The US version was produced by Springfield Armory and Colt's Manufacturing Company. Total production in the United States was 670. [1] This may seem small compared to the huge firearms production runs of the late 20th century, but it was a significant number for the size of the modern US Army. The adoption of the M1909 coincided with the withdrawal of manually operated .30-06 Gatling guns from US Army arsenals.

Limited sector

In the cramped interior spaces of armored vehicles, cartridge clips often limited the field of fire, so many machine guns, especially British ones, were converted to use three-round linked clips designed for use on the Hotchkiss machine guns of the 1914 pattern.

Some of these machine guns remained in service with the British Army even into 1939, while others were later used for airfield defense and merchant shipping. The Model 1909 machine gun had little effect on the development of the situation at that time. The problem was not so much its technical imperfection as the shortcomings of its application tactics. Positional warfare did not give this machine gun the opportunity to fully express itself.

It made its mark as a tank machine gun, but was less successful as an aircraft weapon because magazine feeding created too many problems in the open cockpit of an airplane.

Service [edit]

Like Hotchkiss M1909 (or Mle 1909

), firing the 8 mm Lebel caliber, it was adopted by the French Army in 1909, but was not used as an infantry weapon. The 700 examples produced were used in the fortresses of Verdun for defensive purposes, on some fighter aircraft and in Mark V* tanks purchased from the UK.

A variant using the .303 cartridge was produced in the UK at the Coventry factory as the "Hotchkiss Mark I" and was issued to some cavalry regiments. The MkI* variant, with a wooden stock replaced by a pistol grip, was widely used in British tanks during the First World War.[3]

It was adopted by the United States in 1909 as the "Benet-Mercy Automatic, .30 US Model 1909" firing the .30-06 cartridge. It has also been used by other countries including Belgium, Sweden and Mexico. [4] France and Britain used the Hotchkiss M1909 during World War I and during World War II. The Australian Cavalry, the New Zealand Mounted Rifles Brigade, the Imperial Camel Corps, and the Duke of Lancaster's Own [5] used Hotchkiss in the Sinai and Palestine Campaign (1915–17). [6] US forces used the Benét-Mercié at the Battle of Columbus in 1916 (a total of 4 guns fired 20,000 rounds), in Pancho Villa's subsequent expedition to Mexico in 1916–17, [7] and initially in France. [ citation needed

]

On American guns, firing pins and extractors often broke. Some members of the American press derisively referred to the M1909 as a "daylight gun" due to the difficulty of replacing broken parts at night and the jamming caused by inserting the charging rail upside down in the dark. [1] Major Julian Hatcher was assigned to study the problem after Columbus and found that almost all of the problems were due to insufficient preparation. American troops received additional training during the Villa expedition, and the M1909 was considered an effective weapon. [8] During US service in the 1909 Villa Expedition, was equipped with the Warner & Swasey Musket Sight Model 1908 (better known as the early telescopic sight on the M1903 Springfield rifle) to aid in long-range shooting.[9] U.S. production ceased before World War I, and only a small portion was available to the U.S. military. However, the US Navy still used them during this period.

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oPKHZHEK - YAYERNPMSHI, ETSN KHLA MEYA LERICH NR 2 DN 24 (200-2400 L). VYUYARE OSKELERNB YAMYUAFYUKH SOPNYEMMSHL OPHZHEKNL. LSYU LNTSKYU MEYARKH YABERYKHIYA YANYARYUB DK YARPEKEASH B RELMNRE. nPTSYUMYULH SOPYUBKEMH YAKSFHKH OKHYARNKERMYU PSYNYRYU H PSYNYURYU GYURSHKEMHYU. osKELER ONKSVKHKYA OPNVMSHL, YAPYUBMKHREKEMN OPNYARSHL - BYAETSN 86 DERYUKEY, DKKHMMSHI RFEKSHI YARBNK NAEYAOEVKHBYUK MEOKNUSCH AYUKKHYARKHYS.

b 1909 TsNDS THPLNI "tsNVYHYAYA" ASHKN OPEDYARYUBKEMN MU PSHMNY DBYu PSVMSHU OSKELERYU LYUJAYANI 7 X 10 YHKNTsPYULL. mu RNR LNLEMR ONMRKH "PSVMNI OSKELER" EYE ME YASYYYARBNBUKN, KH ONDNAMNE NPSFHE KHLEMNBYUKNYAE "PSFEE-OSKELER". nMH ASHKH BSHONKMEMSH MU NYAMNBE YARYUMINBNTSN OSKELERYU EE FE PYUGPUANRIH. th MYUVYUKS 1-I lHPNBNI BNIMSH BN tPYUMZHKH OSKELER ASHK OPKHMЪR MU BNNPSPHEMHE OND NANGMYUVEMHEL lle.1909, B BEKKHYNAPHRYUMKHH OND NANGMYUVEMHEL Hotchkiss .303 Portable Mk.I, YU B YANEDKHMEMM SHU YURYUU - Benet-Mercie .30 M1909 (B yuPLHH yayu MU 1916 TsND HLEKNYAE KHJE 670 OSKELERNB “tsNVYHYAYA”). b 1915 TsNDS YUMTSKKHVYUME ONYARYUBHKH OPNKHGBNDYARBN OSKELERNB B schMTHKDE X ynBEMRPH (ON GYUYUGUL NR tPYUMZHKH BSHOSYAYUKNYAE NYNKN 700 EDHMKHZH B LEYAZH). DYUMMSHE OSKELERSH YAMYUAFYUKH YAYKYUDMSHLH YANYYULH, YNKEZHNL MU YARBNKE I ZHUOTYULH OND KETSYSC RPEMNTSS, LNTSKYU SYARYUMYUBKHBUREYA GYUDM NONPU. pSVMNI OSKELER "tsNVYHYA" RÜYFE ONYARYUBKKYA B ъONMKHCH, tsPEZHKHCH, hYAOYUMKHCH, mNPBETSKHCH, aPYUGKHKHCH X pnyayahiyaysch KHLOEPHCH.

NPSFEIMSHY NRDEK YUPRYNLYU TSYUS YAPYUGS FE PEHK HYAOSHRYURE "RUFEKSHI NAPYUGEZH" KHLECHYKHI PUDHYURNP H ASHIARPNYALEMMSHI YARBNK B PNYAYAHH. x UNR KHYAOSHRYUMKH, OPNBNDHLSHE MU pSFEIMNL ONKKHTSNME, ASHKKH OPEYPYUYEMSH HG-GYU ONKNLYKH YARBNKEMNI YNPNAIKH, NPSFEIMSHY NRDEK, "SVKHRSHBUYU... PUYAOPNYARPYUMEMKHE B YUPLKHU KHMNYARPYUMMSHU TSNYASDYUPYARB MYUPDS I OSKELERNL X PSFEY-OSKELERNB" (ъONMHЪ, yayu) PEHK OPNDNKFKHRE HYAOSHRYUMHЪ, X BSHDYUK GYUYUG EYE MU 3 OSKELERYU "tsNVYHYA". b 1912 TsNDS THPLNI ASHK OPEDYARYUBKEM "NAPYUGEZH DK BNGDSMNTSN TKNRYU", KHLECHYKHI BLEYARN OPKHYKYUDYU OKHYARNKERMSCH PSYNJRYS, YAOEZHYUKEMSHI OPHZHEK KH BEPRKCHFMSCH SYARYUMNBYS. 23 KhChKЪ 1914 TSNDYU THPLYU BSHYAKYUKYU 4 YNLOKEYRYU MEONYAPEDYARBEMMN B nTKHZHEPIAYSCH YARPEKINBSCH YINKS.

OSKELER Hotchkiss llE.1909 YANUPYUMHK TSYUGNNRBNDMSHI DBKHTTSYUREKE YUBRNLYURKHYH (NRBND ONPNUNBSHU TSYUGNB NYASYYYARBKKYAK VEPEG ONOEPEVMNE NRBEPYARKHE MYUNDYEEYYAMHGS YAR BNKYU) X DKHMMSHL UNDNL TSYUGNBNTsN ONP'M KHLECHYETSN OYURPSANY. PECSKRNP TSYUGNBNI YULEPSH OPEDYARYUBKK YANANI BSHBKHMVKHBUELSHI ONPEME, PUYAONKNFEMMSHI BOEPEDH YULEPSH X TSMYZHNMHPNBYUBKHI ON OPHMZHKHOS KHGLEMEMKH NAZELYU. nRPYUANRYUMMSHE TSYUGSH YAAPYYASHBUKH VEPEG NRBEPYARKH, MYUNDYKHEYA B TsYUGNBNL ZHKHMDPE. BNGBPYURMSCH OPSFHMS PUYAONKYUTSYUKH B YUMYUKE RNNYU ONP'M. aSHK KHGLEMEM SGEK GYUOHPYUMKH - MU ANEBNI KHVKHMYE GYURBNPYU KH MU YUGEMMNI VYUARKH YARBNKYU BSHONKMKYUYAE OPEPSHBVYURYU MYUPEGYU. YAZHEOKEMKHE YUGEMMNI VYUYARKH YARBNKYU H ANEBNI KHVHMYKH GYURBNPYU OPNHGBNDHKNYAE ONBNPNRMNI LSTRNNI I BMSRPEMMHLH YAYERNPYULKH, ITS NYAECH BPYUYEMH YAKSFHK YARBNK, YURNY ONP'M OPNKHGB NDHK ONBNPNR. shRNI MEYAINKEIN TSPNLNGDYNI YAHYARELNI NAEYAOEVKHBYUKNYAE OPNVMNE GYUOHPYUMKHE KH GYUYKHRYU YARPEKYU OPH OPNPSHBE VEPEG OYURPNMMKHY ONPNUNBSHU TSYUGNB. mu DSKEMNI VYUYARKH YARBNKYU YPEOHKYUYAE LSTRYU I OPHKHBNL DK YANEYE H LSYNI. pSYNЪRYU OEPEGYUPFYUMH RUYFE ЪBKЪKYUYAE OEPEBNDVHYNL-OPEDNUPYUMHREKEL. onNBNPNRNL PSYNYRYKH B ONOEPEVMNI OKNYAYNYARKH NOPEDEKKYA PEFHL - OPEDNUPYUMHREKE (NRLERYU "S", MYUNDHKYUYAE MU GYUDMEI YAREMYE YARBNKEMNI YNPNAIKH), NDHMNVMSHI NTsNME ("R") , MEOPEPSHBMSHHI NTSNME ("yu"). ONDBHFMYU YAHYARELYU YUBRNLYURHYH HLEKYU DKHMS UNDU PYUBMSCH 106 LHKKHLERPYUL.

oKHRYUMKHE NYASYYARBKKNYAE NR FEYARINI KEMRSH MU 30 YUMTSKKHIYAYKHU HKKH 24 TPYUMZHSGYAYKHU OYURPNMYU. KEMRS OPNDBKHTSYUK OYUKEZH PSHVYUTSIU, YNRNPSHY YABGYUM I ONDBHFMNI YAHYARELNI. lyuyayayu KEMRSH ASHKYU TSNPYUGDN LEMEYE, VEL S LYUTSYUGKHMYU, MN NMJU PUANRYUKYU LEMEE MYUDEFMN, YU GYUPFYUMKHE OSKELERYU NYNAEMMN GYURPSDMKNYAE MNVECH. MU DEPEBMMNL OPHYKYUDE HLEKHYAE OKHYARNKERMSHI BSHYARSO KH SGYU EYYU DK NUBURYU KEBNI PSYNI, OKEVEBNI SONP. b OPHYKYUDE HLEKNYAE NRDEKEMHE DK PUGLEYEMKH LYUYAKEMYKH.

pNYAYAKH OPHNAPEKYU 540 PSFHEI-OSKELERNB “tsNVYHYAYA” 1909 TSNDYU, B ZHEKNL ONYARYUBYS GUYNMVHKH B OMBUPE 1917 TSNDYU. b pNYYAKHCH Y "tsNVYHYAAS" BSHYASHKYUKH LYUREPVYURSHE KEMRSH, NDMUYN PUANRYU OSKELERNB ASHKYU MUYARNKEIN MEMUDEFMNI, VRN NMH ASHKH OPEDEKYUMSH OND FEYARYSC KEMRS. nPSFHE ME ONYUGYUKN YUYHU-RN NYNASHU DNYARNKHMYARB YPNLE YAPYUBMKHREKEMNI OPNYARNRSH SYARPNIYARBU. b NYAMNBMNL, NMH HYAONKEGNBYUKNYAE B YUBHYUZHHH. b KhChME 1917 TsNDYu B beKKHYNAPHRYUMKH OPKHMKKH LNDKHTHYUZHCH Mk.l KHLECHYKHI ONKSFEYARYSCH HKKH FEYARYSCH KEMRS - ShchRS YaYULSC SDYuVMSCH LNDKHTHYUZHKH PSVMNTSN "tsNVYKHYU", B NYAMNBM NL, HYAONKEGNBYUKH YUY RYUMINBSHI OSKELER. ONGFE B SHRNL YYUVEYARBE NM ONOYUKYU B PNYAYAKHCH BLEYARE I YUMTSKKHIYAYHLH RYUMYULH.

b YUBKHYUZHKH yuMRYUMRSH OSKELERSH tsNVYHYAYA, ME YALNRP, MU PUMMKHI YARYUPR, UBNYNTSN PUYAOPNYARPYUMEMKH ME ONKSVHKH. YaYUGYUKYAE MEDNYARYURNVMYU MUDEFMNYARE. b YYUVEYARBE MYUYARSOYUREKEMNTSN BNNPSFEMKH HYARPEAHREKEY, B NYAMNBMNL, HYAONKEGNBYUKHYAE YUMTSKKHIYAYHE bHYYEPYASH, YU B NANPNMHREKEMSHU RSPEKEMSHU SYARYUMNBYUU MYUDNKTSN GYUM JK YABNE LEYARN KECHKHA. REL ME LEMEEE, TPYUMZHSGYAYU YUBKHYUZHKH BYACH BNIMS HYAONKEGNBUKH YUY Hotchkiss Mle 1909, RYU X RFEXHI Hotchkiss Mle 1914. oPHVEL, ONYAKEDMKHI ONKSVKHK DUFE ANKEYEE PUYAOPNYAR YUMEMHE. nM LNMRKHPNBUKYA B OEPEDMKHU YUAHMYU YAELEIYARBU "HYARPEAHREKEY-RNKYUVEI" tyuPLUM. dK OSKELERNB Hotchkiss, HYAONKEGSELSHU ​​B YUBHYUZHKH, YUY OPYUBHKN, HYAONKEGNBYUKKHYAE KEMRNVMSHE ONDYUVH, DK VETSN ASHKH PYUGPYUANRYUMSH YURSYH-ANAKHMSH, LNMRKHPSELSHE I OPYUB NI YARNPNMSH OSKELERYU, MN OPHLEMKHYAE KH FEYARIKHE NANILSH. dKЪ tsNVYHYAYU Mle 1909 ASHK RUYFE PYUGPYUANRYUM BYUPHYUMR BYUPHYUMR YNPNAVYURNTSN LYUTSYUGHMYU, BYARYUBKBIETSNYA YABEPUS, YUMYUKNTSHVMN OSKELERS LYUDYEM, MN ANKENNTSN PU YAOPNYARPYUMEMKH RYYNI BYUPHYUMR ME ONKSVHK.

b 1916 TsNDS DK ANPEASH I MELEZHYHLH ZHEOEKKKHMYULH X YUSCHPNYARYURYULH ASHK PUGPYUANRYUM YPSOMNYYUKHAEPMSHI BYUPKHYUMR OSKELERYU tsNVYHYAYA OND 11-LL OYURPNM tsPYYYA I KEMRNVMNI ONDUVEI, YNRNPSHI ASHK SYARYUMNBKEM MU NDMNL HG YAYULNKERNB TUPLUM MF-11. YaYULNKER ONKSVHK NANGMYUVEMKHE "LEUUMHVEYAYYU YANBU" KH OPHLEMKYA MY TPNMRE. oPUBDU DUKEMEYETSN PUYAOPNYARYUPMEMHЪ 11-LL tsNVYHYAYASH ME ONKSVHKH, YU 11-LL OYURPNMSH 11U59R ASHKH OPHLEMEMSH B OSKELERYU BHYYEPYA.

osKELERSH “tsNVYHYAYA” PUMMKHU LNDEKEY ME ONKEGNBYUKYA NYANANI ONOSKPMNYARECH MH B NDMNI YARPYUME LHPYU. nM YAVKHRYUKYA YUOPKHGMSHL X LYUKNMYUDEFMSHL, VRN OPYUBDU, ME ONLEYUKN ELS YANYARNRE MU BNNPSFEMKHH B 20 YARPIUMYUU, BSHOSYAYUREYA TSPNLYUDMSHLH RKHPYUFYULH OND YAYULSHE PU GMSHE ANEOPHOYUYASH. RNKain NTHHHYUKEMN TsNVYHYAYA B KMDHiyani YPLHH YARNKHM MU BNNPSFMHH DN 1930 Tsndu, b APHRUMYYYYNIA √ DN 1939 Ts., BN TPUMZHSGYYUKHAYU YNCHEU DNKEIE. I MYUVYUKNL 2-I lHPNBNI BNIMSH OSKELERSH TSNVYHYA Mle.1914 B ANKEHU YNKHVEYARBUU ONOYUBKHE Y MELZHUL, HYAONKEGNBUKHYAE OND NANGMYUVEMHEL sMG 257(f).

ъONMZHSH, OPHLEMBKHE OSKELERSH TsNVYHYAYA EYE B TsNDSH pSYAYAIN-ЪONMYAYNI BNIME, MU ETSN AYUGE PYUGPYUANRYUKH YABNI OSKELER mULAS RHO 03.

b MYUVYUKE 20-U TsNDNB B PYULYUU YNMYSPYAYU MU GULEMS URRMNTSN OSKELERYU ASHK PYUGPYUANRYUM BYUPHYUMR tsNVYHYAYA Mle.1922, OPNHTSPUYUBHI YNMYSPYA NAPUGZHS YUGYUMMNTSN YUPYAEM YUKYU B YUREKEPN lyuya.
REL ME LEMEE, THPLYU PUGBEPMSKYU BSHOSYAY MNBSHU PSVMSHU OSKELERNB DK SCHYYAONPRYU, OND YAYULSHE PUGMSHE BKHMRNBNVMSHE YUKHAPSH RNTS BPELEMKH, BYKCHVYU 6.5 LL Mannlicher-Schoenauer (DK Kommersant tsPEZHHH), 7×57 Mauser (DKЪ xYAOYUMHH), 7.7x56R (.303, DKЪ BEKHYNAPHRYUMHH) , 7.92×57 Mauser (DKЪ yХРУЪ, rSPZHHH, VEUNYAKNBUYHH) X DPSTSKHE. b YAEPEDHME RPKHJYURSHU TsNDNB TPYUMZHSGAYYU YUPLH RUYFE GUYSOKHKYU MEANKEENNE YNKKHVEYARBN SCHRKHU OSKELERNB B YUKHAPE 7.5×54 OND NANGMYUVEMHEL Mle.1934. mSFMN NRLERHRE, VRN B UNDE BSHOSYAYU H OND PYUGMSHE YNMRPUYRSH OSKELER OPEREPOEBUK MEGMYUVHREKEMSHE HGLEMEMKH B YNMYARPSYZHHH, YNMTHTTSSPYUZHHH YARBNKNB X TSPMHRSPSH (OPHYKYUD YU, YANYEH R.O.). yPNLE RNCN, OSKELER BSHOSYAYUKYA B DBSU BYUPHYUMRYU, PYUGKHVYUBHYYAKHYARELNI OKHRYUMKH. rru:

lNDHTHYUZHH:	Mle.1909	Mle.1914
yUKHAP, LL	8
RHO YUBRNLYURKHYKH	TsYUGNNRBND
RELO YARPEKEASH, BSYAR/LHM MUVYUKEMYU YAYNPNYARE YAMYUPYUDYU, L/YAYEY LYUYAYU OSKELERYU, YTS dKKHMY NPSDKH, LL dKKHMY YARBNKYU, LL	600-700 760 12.8 ХКХ 15 (Benet-Mercie) 1190 ХКХ 1244 (Benet-Mercie) 565 ХКХ 610 (Benet-Mercie)	500 — 600 740 23,5 1310 785
RHO OYURPNMU	8x50R Lebel ; .303 British (7.7x57R); .30-06 (7.62×63)
╗LINYARE LYUTSYUGHMYU	FEYARIHE KEMRSH-YUYAYAERSH MU 9, 14 HKH 30 OYURPNMNB, HKH ONKSFEYARIHE KEMRSH MU 50 OYURPNMNB, KEMRSH MU 100 OYURPNMNB.	FEJARIHE KEMRSH-YUYAYAERSH MU 24 OYURPNMY HKH ONKSFEYARIHE KEMRSH MU 251 OYURPNM
I LOVE YAMYUPYU, C	12.8 (8x50R)

bottom. KhMTNPLYUZHKH:

tNRNCPYUTHH:	OSKELER Hotchkiss Mle 1909 B YUBHYUZHNMMMNL HYAONKMEMHH
OSKELER Hotchkiss Mle.1909 MU JAYLNKERE Voisin Type L
OSCELERSH Hotchkiss Mle.1909 MU TUPLUM MF 11
OSCELERSH Hotchkiss Mle.1909 MU TUPLUM MF 11
Hotchkiss Mle 1909 WITH OHKNRYU (YARPEKNYI Colt M1895/14)
pNKYUM TSYUPPN B YYUAHME YABNETSN Morane-Saulnier Type N I OSKELERNL Hotchkiss Mle 1909
OSKELER Hotchkiss Mle.1914
OSKELER Hotchkiss Mle.1914 MU LNMNOKUME Deperdussin
OSKELER Hotchkiss Mle.1914
OSKELER Hotchkiss Mle.1922
11-LL OSCELER Hotchkiss

YaOHYANY HYARNVMKHYNB:

EBTSEMKHI UPUMNB. yuBHYUZHNMMNE BNNPSPHEMHE tPYUMZHHH

sTSNKNY MEAYU. 2015

Users[edit]

In this section do not cite any sources . Please help improve this section by adding citations from reliable sources. Material not obtained from the source may be disputed and removed. (August 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this message template)

• Austria-Hungary
• Australia [5]
• Belgium [4]
• Brazil
• republic of china
• Finland
• France [4]
• Kingdom of Greece [10]
• India
• Ireland: Used in armored cars by the Irish National Army during the Irish Civil War.
• Kingdom of Italy
• Mexico [4]
• Russia
• Spain
• Sweden [4]
• United Kingdom [5]
• USA [4]
• New Zealand [11]

Links[edit]

1. ^ abcde Bruce N. Canfield "Day Gun": American Model 1909 Benet-Mercy Machine Gun" American Rifleman,
   September 2010, pp. 84–87
2. Peripheral Weapons?: The Production and Use of British Tanks in the First World War David J. Childs Greenwood Publishing Group, 1999 p87
3. "Hotchkiss Machine Gun Mk 1*". IWM. Retrieved November 27, 2016.
4. ^ abcdef "Hotchkiss Portable Machine Gun". Forgotten weapons
   . September 14, 2011. Retrieved October 21, 2022.
5. ^ abc Bull, Stephen, 1998. The British Army of the First World War. Brassey, London and Washington. p94
6. Ion Idress: The Desert Column
   , Angus & Robertson 1944, p. 225
7. Segel 2012
8. Hatcher, Julian S. (1962), Hatcher's Notebook
   (3rd ed.), Harrisburg, PA: Stackpole Books, pp. 93–101, LCCN 62-12654
9. Canfield, Bruce (October 2016). "1916: guns on the border." American shooter
   . National Rifle Association.
10. Athanassiou, Phoebus (November 30, 2017). Armies of the Greco-Italian War 1940–41. Action 514. Osprey Publishing. paragraph 19. ISBN 9781472819178.
11. "Hotchkiss Light Machine Gun". nzhistory.govt.nz
    . Ministry of Culture and Heritage. July 15, 2013

Modifications

• Mle 1897
• Mle 1900
• Mle 1908
• Mle 1914
• “Anti-aerostatic” machine gun of the Hotchkiss system of the 1917 model, converted from the 1914 model. The 11x59 mm R Gras cartridge with an incendiary bullet was used, the initial speed of which was 610 m/s. The same cartridge was used in a converted version of the British Vickers machine gun.

Not to be confused with the Hotchkiss M1909 light machine gun (American name, called Hotchkiss Mark I in England).