Tractors and tractors | USSR
Tractor "Kommunar"
The tractor was created on the basis of the German tractor “VD-50 Hanomag” and was produced in 1924-1931. in three versions - with a 50 hp kerosene engine. (G-50), on gasoline with a power of 75 hp. (G-75) and 90 hp. (Z-90). In total, about 2 thousand tractors were produced. During the war, the tractor was “mobilized” for the needs of the front. Tractor performance characteristics: length – 5.2 m; width – 2.1 m; height – 2.5 m; weight – 8.5 t; engine power – 50-90 hp; speed on the highway – 15 km/h; load capacity – 2 t; weight of towed cargo – 6 tons; crew – 1 person.
Medium artillery tractor "Comintern"
The tractor was developed using the chassis and some components of the T-24 tank. It was produced by the Kharkov Locomotive Plant since 1934. A total of 1,798 vehicles were manufactured. The tractor was used to transport field and howitzer artillery. It had a winch. The wooden cabin with metal cladding with minor modifications was borrowed from the ZIS-5 truck. Performance characteristics of the tractor: length – 5.8 m; width – 2.2 m; height – 2.5 m; weight – 10.5 t; ground clearance - 400 mm; engine type – 4-cylinder, liquid-cooled diesel KIN; engine power – 131 hp; speed on the highway – 30 km/h; Power reserve – 220 km; load capacity – 2 t; weight of towed cargo – 12 tons; crew – 2 people.
Heavy artillery tractor "Voroshilovets"
The tractor was produced by the Kharkov Locomotive Plant since 1939. The cabin was used from the ZIS-5 truck, having previously been converted and expanded. A removable canvas awning was installed on the body. The fuel could be: diesel fuel, gas oil or a mixture of motor oil and kerosene. The tractors captured by the Wehrmacht were used under the designation "Gepanzerter Artillerie Schlepper 607(R)". A total of 1,123 vehicles were produced. Performance characteristics of the tractor: length – 6.2 m; width – 2.9 m; height – 2.7 m; weight – 15.5 t; ground clearance - 462 mm; load capacity – 3 t; towed cargo weight – 22 tons; engine type – 12-cylinder V-2V; engine power – 375 hp; speed on the highway – 42 km/h; Power reserve – 270 km; crew – 3 people; number of seats for people – 19.
Medium artillery tractor "Stalinets-2"
The tractor has been produced by ChTZ since 1939. The cabin from the ZIS-5 car was expanded and retrofitted. The cargo platform with two folding seats on the sides could be covered with an awning. A total of 1,275 vehicles were produced. Performance characteristics of the tractor: length – 4.7 m; width – 2.4 m; height – 2.8 m; weight – 12 t; ground clearance - 462 mm; load capacity – 1.5 t; towed cargo weight – 10 t: engine type – 4-cylinder diesel M-17; engine power – 113 hp; specific engine power – 9.6 hp/t; speed on the highway – 25 km/h; Power reserve – 160 km; crew – 2 people; number of seats for transporting people – 10.
Artillery tractor T-20 "Komsomolets"
The tractor was developed in 1936 on the basis of the T-38 tank and the GAZ-AA truck and was intended for towing 45 mm anti-tank and 76 mm regimental guns. The tractor was produced in three series, which differed in the design of the cargo platform, seats, viewing devices and devices related to ensuring the temperature conditions of the engine and improving the chassis. To protect from bad weather, a canvas awning was provided for the body. Sometimes the tractor was used as a wedge. Captured tractors were used in Germany, Romania and Finland. Based on the T-20, the light anti-tank self-propelled gun ZiS-30 was produced. A total of 7,780 vehicles were produced. Performance characteristics of the tractor: length – 3.5 m; width – 1.9 m; height – 1.6 m; ground clearance - 300 mm; weight 3.5 t; weight of towed cargo – 1.5 tons; load capacity – 0.5 t; armor – 7-10 mm; engine type - 4 cylinder carburetor GAZ-MM:; engine power – 50 hp; specific power – 14 hp/t; speed on the highway – 50 km/h; Power reserve – 250 km; armament - 7.62 mm DT machine gun; crew – 2 people.
Medium artillery tractor YA-12
The tractor was developed in 1943 at the Yaroslavl Automobile Plant on the basis of the experimental Ya-11 tractor. The difference between the Ya-12 and its predecessor was the installation of the American GMC-4-71 diesel engine, which was supplied to the USSR under Lend-Lease.
Known modifications are “Ya-13” with a four-stroke carburetor engine “ZIS-5M” and “Ya-13F” with a forced four-stroke carburetor engine “ZIS-MF”. "Ya-12" towed 122 mm hull guns, 152 mm gun howitzers and even 203 mm heavy howitzers. A total of 2,296 vehicles were produced. Performance characteristics of the tractor: length – 4.9 m; width – 2.4 m; height – 2.2 m; weight – 6.6 t; ground clearance - 305 mm; load capacity - 2 t; weight of towed cargo – 8 tons; engine type engine power – 110 hp; speed on the highway – 38 km/h; Power reserve – 290 km; crew – 3 people; number of seats for transporting people – 11.
Crawler tractor "Stalinets-60" (S-60)
The tractor was a copy of the Caterpillar-60 tractor and was produced by the Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant in 1933-1937. A total of 69 thousand cars were produced. In the Red Army it was used as an artillery tractor. Tractor performance characteristics: length – 4 m; width – 2.4 m; height – 2.8 m; weight – 10 t; engine type - gasoline; engine power – 60 hp; speed on the highway – 6 km/h; crew – 1 person.
Crawler tractor "Stalinets-65" (S-65)
The tractor was a diesel version of the S-60 and was produced by the Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant in 1937-1941. The engine could also run on a mixture of autol and kerosene. With the beginning of the war, due to the losses of the first period, most tractors were withdrawn from agriculture. They were used to tow high-power guns. Captured tractors were also used by the Wehrmacht. A total of 37.6 thousand cars were produced. Tractor performance characteristics: length - 4.1 m; width – 2.4 m; height - 2.8 m; weight – 10.8 t; engine type – M-17; engine power – 65 hp; speed on the highway – 7 km/h; crew – 1 person.
Tracked artillery tractor STZ-5-NATI
The tractor was developed on the basis of the SHTZ-NATI tractor and was produced by the Stalingrad Tractor Plant since 1937. The vehicle had a closed wood-metal cabin installed above the engine. In this case, the engine is located inside the cabin between the seats of the gun crew commander and the driver. A BM-13-16 rocket launcher was mounted on the tractor chassis. In the Wehrmacht, the STZ-5 received the designation Gepanzerter Artillerie Schlepper 601(r). A total of 9944 cars were produced. Performance characteristics of the tractor: length – 4.2 m; width – 1.9 m; height – 2.4 m; weight – 5.8 t; ground clearance - 288 mm; engine type – 4-cylinder multi-fuel “1MA”; engine power – 52-54 hp; load capacity – 1.5 t; weight of towed cargo – 4.5 tons; speed on the highway – 22 km/h; Power reserve – 145 km; crew – 2 people; number of seats for transporting people – 10.
Artillery tractor T-26T
Tractor with armored top
T-26T tractor with canvas top
The vehicle was a T-26 tank chassis. To tow various trailers, a special towing device was mounted on the stern. The vehicle had no weapons. The tractor was produced since 1934 in two modifications with an armored roof and with a canvas awning with celluloid windows. A total of 213 vehicles were produced, including 10 vehicles with an armored body (6-15 mm). Performance characteristics of the tractor: length – 4.6 m with an armored body, 3.7 m with a tarpaulin awning; weight – 8.1 (7.7) t; engine type – 4-cylinder; engine power – 90 hp; speed on the highway – 28 km/h; Power reserve – 120 km; crew – 5 people.
Tank tractor T-34T
The tractor was created on the basis of the T-34 tank, mainly by military workshops, from linear tanks with faulty weapons. The turret was removed from them, the turret shoulder strap was welded with an armor plate, in which an entrance hatch was equipped. The tractor was intended to evacuate light and medium tanks from the battlefield and tow them to a repair site, as well as to pull out stuck tanks. Performance characteristics of the tractor: weight - 22 tons; crew - 2 - 3 people; armament - 7.62 mm; DT machine gun; armor - anti-ballistic; engine power - 500 hp; speed on the highway without load is 55 km/h, towing speed is 3–6 km/h.
Tank tractor based on the KV-1S tank
A tractor based on the KB tank was created in military repair units as a result of the conversion of serial KV-1 (KV-1S) tanks with faulty main weapons. Tractors were used to evacuate and tow tanks and self-propelled guns of all types. When towing a heavy tank with one tractor, the speed was 2 km/h, a medium tank — 3 km/h, and a light tank — 8 km/h. Performance characteristics of the tractor: weight - 34 tons; crew - 2 - 3 people; armament - 7.62 mm DT machine gun; armor - anti-ballistic; engine power - 600 hp; speed on the highway without load is 43 km/h, towing speed is 3–8 km/h.
Tank tractor IS-2T
Since 1944, repair plants have organized the production of tractors based on IS-1 (IS-2) tanks. The tractors differed from production vehicles by the absence of a turret. The hole for installing the turret in the tank's hull was closed with a welded armor plate, in which a commander's cupola with a double-leaf entrance hatch and an MK-4 periscope viewing device was installed. To evacuate damaged tanks, additional towing cables, blocks of pulleys and, if necessary, spare parts were placed on the fenders and the roof of the vehicle's fighting compartment, which were used to carry out routine repairs and ensure the possibility of evacuating the vehicles. In addition, manual tractor or automobile winches could be stowed and transported on the vehicles. Performance characteristics of the tractor: weight - 35 tons; crew - 2 - 3 people; armament - 7.62 mm DT machine gun; armor - anti-ballistic; engine power - 520 hp; travel speed on the highway without load is 35 km/h, towing speed is 3–8 km/h.
Truck tractor ZIS-10
The tractor was produced in 1937-1939.
with a dual-slope rear axle. A single-axle 6-ton flatbed semi-trailer (1-PP-6) with a loading platform length of 5 m was developed especially for the tractor. The trailer was used for transporting large property of pontoon parks. A total of 766 vehicles were produced. Performance characteristics of the tractor: length – 5.4 m; width – 2.1 m; height – 2.2 m; ground clearance – 250 mm; curb weight – 2.8 t, gross – 6.3 t; load capacity – 3.5 t; engine type - carburetor 6-cylinder; engine power – 73 hp; tank volume – 65 l; maximum speed – 48 km/h; fuel consumption – 38 l/100 km; Power reserve – 170 km; number of seats in the cabin – 2. Share in:
Tactical and technical characteristics of the AT-T tractor
— Designers: Morozov Alexander Alexandrovich, Shchukin Mikhail Nikolaevich — Years of production: 1947 — 1979
AT-T tractor capacity
— Number of seats in the cabin: 4 — Number of seats in the body: 16 — Number of doors: 2
AT-T tractor weight
— Weight: 20,000 kg — Trailer weight, kg: 25,000
AT-T tractor engine
A-401 (type B-2) 415 hp. 1850 rpm
AT-T tractor dimensions
— Width: 3170 mm — Height: 3000 mm — Track track width, mm: 500 — Track, mm: 2640 — Ground clearance: 425 mm
AT-T tractor speed
— on the highway 35.5 km/h
AT-T tractor fuel consumption
— 100 km 140 l, oil 4 l
Load capacity of AT-T tractor
— 5000 kg
— Five-speed gearbox — Fuel pump: NK-10 210 kg/cm — Average specific pressure on the ground with a load, kg/cm²: 0.652 — Drive: mechanical — Cruising range on the highway with a trailer, km: 1100 — Fording depth, m : 1.1 — Width of the ditch to be overcome, m: 1.8
