The KamAZ 4310 truck is a workhorse and a good racer

Unlike the American troops, where they began to use trucks standardized among themselves and not intended for sale to the public, the Soviet army used vehicles created on the basis of national economic ones. The KamA3 4310 was no exception.

Back in the 60s, the ZIL plant began developing a new family of vehicles, which included an army all-wheel drive truck. However, the party and government decided that these cars would be produced at a plant being built in Tatarstan. And after the development of basic flatbed trucks, the production of an army all-terrain vehicle began in 1980.

Scope of application

The KAMAZ-4310 truck is one of the most successful projects of the Russian automotive industry. Thanks to its excellent maneuverability, power and load-carrying capacity, the vehicle is widely used for military and civilian purposes:

• transportation of goods and personnel in the army and units of the Ministry of Emergency Situations;
• geological exploration expeditions;
• transportation of goods in agriculture, construction, and manufacturing;
• transportation of wood and timber;
• sports modification for participation in rallies.

Transportation of wood by KAMAZ-4310 vehicle

History of appearance

From a technical point of view, in the 80s it was the most advanced truck, capable of overcoming high obstacles, steep ascents and descents, and actually “swimming” rivers up to one and a half meters deep. The model entered mass production in January 1981, right before the 26th Congress of the CPSU.

KAMAZ 4310

From the name it is obvious that the car was produced in Naberezhnye Chelny by the KamAZ enterprise. However, few people know that in fact the KAMAZ 4310 has Moscow roots and was developed by designers of the ZIL production association. ZIL engineers received the task to develop a cargo SUV back in 1967, a year later the technical issues were sorted out, and 10 years were allocated for development.

One of the first KAMAZ 4310 prototypes built at the ZIL plant

During the work on the project, 12 prototypes of the future Kamaz were assembled at ZIL facilities. During the testing process, the prototypes collectively “raced” about one and a half million kilometers in a variety of road (and off-road) conditions. By the way, during the development process a huge number of unique technical solutions were found, which brought ZIL engineers more than 50 copyright certificates.

Specifications

Since the vehicle was originally planned as a military vehicle, all systems and design are designed for operation on difficult roads and in different types of climatic zones (the vehicle operates at temperatures from -45 to +50 degrees).

Dimensions KamAZ 4310

Chassis

The thoughtfulness of the design and excellent assembly ensures high wear resistance of the entire system. KAMAZ-4310 belongs to the class of all-wheel drive trucks with 3 independent axles and a 6*6 wheel arrangement. The disc wheels are equipped with wide-profile IP-184 tires with the ability to regulate air pressure.

Chassis KAMAZ 4310

The car has a spring suspension: front - with hydraulic shock absorbers, rear - balancer, with reaction bars.

The brake system is a rather complex structure and includes:

• service brake on all wheels with pneumatic drive;
• combined parking and spare unit;
• auxiliary retarder brake.

Front drive axle KAMAZ-4310

Important features when operating

Difficulties may arise when changing gears - a little tight. If there is no additional three-dimensional mirror, then it is important to very carefully change into the right lane, since a “dead” viewing zone is formed - it starts under the cabin and up to the rear axle, and a passenger car can fit there. The models have excellent brakes, and there is no particular delay in response to pedal pressing. When picking up a high speed – more than 90 km/h – you get the feeling that the car is moving smoothly and is quite comfortable to drive.

Power unit

The car is equipped with a 4-stroke 8-cylinder V-shaped diesel engine with liquid cooling, overhead valves, direct injection system. The basic model KamAZ-4310 was equipped with a 740.10 engine with a power of 210 hp. s., subsequent versions - with a more powerful power unit 740.10-20 (220 hp)

Engine 740.10 - diagram

Transmission for KamAZ 4310 (all-terrain vehicle, onboard)

Judging by the data in the table, the creation of the KamAZ-740.10 engine did not introduce fundamental changes to the development of KAMAZ SUVs. But it is wrong to evaluate the engine in isolation from other components and assemblies. Moreover, practice shows that replacing the “native” KamAZ 4310 engine with a Yaroslavl one much faster leads to failure of parts and entire transmission units.

The transmission of the KamAZ 4310 (6x6), the technical operating characteristics of which are such that the complex of components and assemblies that transmit torque from the engine to the wheels and distribute forces between them is not designed for a stronger engine. These are the clutch, gearbox, differential, and drive wheel shafts.

Unlike conventional cars, all-wheel drive cars have a transfer case, the structure of which is shown in the diagram. The transfer case is two-stage and serves to redistribute torque in difficult road conditions.

The gearbox is a five-speed manual, equipped with a synchronizer for shockless gear shifting. The gearbox drive is mechanical, remote. Torque from the engine is transmitted through a dry double-disc clutch, which has a pneumohydraulic booster.

Transfer case KamAZ 4310

Other systems and equipment

The special design of the hydraulic power steering makes it easy to control the vehicle off-road. A winch with a worm gear significantly expands the functionality of the vehicle - the maximum cable length is 83 m. The electrical circuit includes 2 batteries, a generator and a voltage regulator.

Winch KAMAZ-4310

Cons and possible disadvantages

It should be emphasized that KAMAZ 4310 is the basic version, so it had some shortcomings that were eliminated in subsequent models. For example, attention was drawn to the fact that the engine oil capacity should be larger. See close-up photo:

Towing teeth under the bumper

On the KAMAZ 4310 series, towing “fangs” were installed under the bumper, which had to be removed to hook the tractor. If the hood is damaged, then all the equipment that was under it may be damaged - hoses, electrical wires. Taking this into account, they began to produce cars with an extended bumper.

Also in subsequent models there was a need to strengthen the rods, gears, axle shafts, and springs. The taillight mounts were metal and often broke. In new models they are replaced with rubber ones.

Violation of operating rules, wear and untimely replacement of parts may cause damage to various vehicle systems. There may be problems with the brake system, steering, suspension, preheater, clutch defects, or cooling system.

Therefore, the driver must constantly inspect his car in order to identify and fix problems in time.

A preventive inspection must be carried out in a timely manner to restore the vehicle's performance.

Cabin

The driver's cabin of the KamAZ car is made in a simple style without additional design options. Designed for 3 seats, equipped with thermal and noise insulation systems, an independent hot-air heater. Adjustable, sprung seat. Some models designed for transporting goods over long distances are equipped with a sleeping place for the driver. All versions are equipped with a hydraulic system for tilting the cab forward for access to the engine.

Placement of controls in the KamAZ-4310 cab

Model 4310 Features

The transmission has an asymmetrical center differential and electro-pneumatic locking. The basic version is a permanent drive, four cardan shafts. The model is equipped with a 5-speed manual transmission and has an electro-pneumatic power steering mechanism. Using a spur gear, reverse and forward gears are engaged. Using synchronizers, you can include other gears.

Photo KamAZ 4310

Modifications

Based on the basic KAMAZ-4310 vehicle, several versions were produced:

• KamAZ 43101. Equipped with a 740.10-20 engine with a power of 220 hp. With. Increased load capacity up to 6 tons, improved performance characteristics. This version subsequently replaced the base model.
• KamAZ 43105. Equipped with a 740.10 engine with a power of 210 hp. With. Designed for civilian purposes.
• KamAZ 43106. It features modernized suspension and transmission systems.
• KamAZ 43114. A modernized version of an army vehicle.
• KamAZ 43115. Civil transport model with improved performance.
• KamAZ 43118. Transport version, characterized by an enlarged platform.
• KamAZ 4410. Tractor for towing semi-trailers with a total weight of up to 15 tons.
• Armored car "Typhoon-1". Designed for the tasks of law enforcement agencies. The excellent technical characteristics of the KAMAZ-4310 made it possible to take this particular vehicle as the basis for designing an armored personnel carrier.
• KamAZ 431010 (model S4310). Sports rally version. A number of design changes were made to the engine and other systems, thanks to which it was possible to achieve a power unit power of 290 hp. With.

The KamAZ multi-purpose vehicle has fully met the expectations of users over many years of operation. The machine is indispensable off-road, it is distinguished by high power, reliability and functionality, and is capable of trouble-free operation in any climate zone. Foreign-made analogues are much more expensive and are not always suitable for working in harsh Russian conditions.

Description of the KamAZ-4310 vehicle

Load capacity and weight of KAMAZ onboard vehicles

The linear range of KAMAZ on-board models includes about twenty technical units. Some cars have been discontinued, others are successfully working on construction sites and transporting goods.

Depending on the configuration and “physical” capabilities of the equipment, it is used in difficult conditions for the needs of the army. KAMAZ trucks have proven themselves well in the conditions of the Far North, at extremely low air temperatures.