The legendary KAMAZ 4310 is the best off-road truck in the USSR (14 photos)

Domestic off-road tractors differ from many Western analogues in driving characteristics, power and capabilities, but at the same time they are inferior in terms of comfort. KamAZ 4310 remained a priority model for the Kama Automobile Plant for a long time. Note that the vehicle was initially produced for the needs of the army, after which it began to be distributed among construction, manufacturing and trading companies throughout the CIS. The KamAZ model 4310 tractor first appeared in 1981, when the first truck rolled off the plant’s assembly line.

Purpose

The KAMAZ-4310 entered the USSR Armed Forces and began to be used as a multi-purpose off-road truck for transporting goods and personnel. With KUNGs installed on the base of the vehicle, the vehicle is in service as mobile workshops, headquarters or medical centers. Quite often, the KAMAZ-4310 is used to organize the work of emergency departments and geological exploration expeditions. As an onboard truck, it is used to transport cargo for agricultural purposes, during construction, on hunting grounds and in various industries. Quite often you can find a KAMAZ-4310 with installed lifting equipment and a special trailer for loading and transporting wood in the logging industry. By order, some vehicle configurations were equipped with a driver’s sleeping place, which gave the driver the opportunity to rest when transporting goods over long distances. The vehicle is of military origin, so the design and all systems are designed for operation on bad roads, in any weather and in all climatic zones.

Cost of a used KamAZ-4326 truck

On electronic bulletin boards you can find many offers for the sale of cars of this model (especially in those regions where there are no good roads and are not expected). The price range is quite large, directly depending not only on the year of manufacture of the car, but also on the special add-ons that are installed on its chassis. For example, for a rotation bus manufactured in 2011 in Kogalym they are asking 1,200,000 rubles. The AGP-22M telescopic hydraulic lift based on the KamAZ-4326 manufactured in 2013 in Blagoveshchensk is valued at 1,650,000 rubles. For a pit drill - a drilling rig based on PSKBM-1 - they are asking 2,200,000 rubles in the Yaroslavl region.

A special topic is shift vehicles and kungs, converted into “homes on wheels”, which have a high degree of autonomy and are intended for long hunting and (or) fishing trips. Thus, an unassuming and spartan crew bus converted for hunting on a KamAZ-4326 chassis manufactured in 2000 is sold for 1,000,000 rubles. A more or less comfortable “home on wheels”: with a gas stove and equipment, a water tank with the possibility of heating it, a metal sink and a compact shower, sleeping places and a dining table, etc., also manufactured in 2000 costs 2 200,000 rubles. An almost “luxury” version of a home-made comfortable kung, based on the KamAZ-4326 produced in 2009, is also offered, for which they are asking 3 million rubles.

Specifications

Power unit

The KamAZ-4310 was equipped with a KamAZ-740.10 power unit, the power of which was 210 horses. A better modified KamAZ-740.20 was also envisaged, the power of which was already 220 horsepower. Later, 430-horsepower 8-cylinder power units began to be installed on the cars.

Fuel consumption

For 100 km, KamAZ-4310 consumes 31 liters of fuel. The truck has two fuel tanks with a capacity of 125 liters. The vehicle's power reserve is 830 km.

Transmission

It was presented with a 5-speed manual gearbox, which has synchronizers at 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th speeds. The transfer case comes with a two-stage gearbox and a cylindrical locking center differential of the planetary variety, which distributes torque between the permanently connected axle installed in front and the rear axles in a 1:2 ratio.

The transfer case is controlled remotely using an electro-pneumatic speed shift drive. The drive of the differential lock device is represented by a pneumatic method with remote control.

Suspension

It is independent, where at the front it sits on semi-elliptical leaf springs with shock absorbers and rear sliding spring ends. The suspension installed at the rear is balanced and also rests on semi-elliptical springs with reaction bars, where the end parts of the springs are sliding.

The technical component of the three-axle truck allows it to overcome fords up to 1.5 meters deep, which makes it a clear leader in off-road conditions.

Brake system

It has drum devices and a double-circuit pneumatic drive. There is a parking brake, spare and auxiliary. The drums have a diameter of 400 mm, the width of the linings is 140 mm, and the release is cam type.

Steering

It is represented by the presence of a mechanism with a screw, a ball nut and a piston-rack, which engages the gear sector of the bipod shaft. A hydraulic power steering wheel helps to steer such a large machine. With such enhancements, the car drives well even off-road.

Electrical equipment

The voltage is 24V. There are 2 batteries themselves. There is a generator and voltage regulator. The KamAZ 4310 electrical circuit is presented below.

Winch

The designers even provided for the use of a drum-type winch, which has a worm gearbox and a band brake. The cable can stretch up to 83 meters.

It is very important to carry out preventive inspections on time in order to restore the working technical component of the machine and extend its service life.

Load capacity varies from 5,000 to 6,000 kg. Curb weight – 8,410 kg. The total weight of the truck is 15,000 kg. The speed limit is 80 km/h. Fuel consumption per 100 kilometers at a speed limit of up to 40 kilometers per hour will be 31 liters.

This consumption may vary depending on the technical condition of the machine and operating conditions. The maximum climbable height is 31 degrees. The car will be able to overcome a ford, the depth of which is 1.5 meters. The smallest turning radius will be 10.8 m. The ground clearance is 365 mm, which is very good.

Dynamic indicators:

• maximum speed 85 km/h;
• acceleration to 60 km/h – 35 seconds;
• braking distance from 40 km/h – 17.2 m;
• equipment run-out from 50 km/h is 600 m.

Weight and dimensions:

• height – 3590 mm;
• width – 2500 mm;
• length – 7650 mm;
• wheelbase – 3340 mm;
• front track – 2010 mm;
• rear track – 2010 mm;
• weight – 8410 kg;
• load capacity – 6000 kg;
• loading height – 1530 mm;
• outer turning radius – 11200 mm;
• ground clearance - 365 mm.

Advantages and disadvantages

Kamaz model 4310 is a productive truck tractor with a lot of advantages. However, there are also disadvantages.

Let's start with the positive qualities of the car:

• Improved visibility due to the absence of a hood
• Excellent maneuverability
• High ground clearance
• Works in different climate zones
• Does not lose function in off-road conditions
• Turning radius is small
• Four-wheel drive
• Various modifications available
• Power of power plants
• Superior performance and load capacity

The disadvantages of the model and its “brothers” include high fuel consumption, minimal level of comfort in the cabin, and outdated appearance. Disadvantages also include dynamic performance and simple seats.

Car device

If we take the technical condition, then for the 80s this KamAZ all-terrain vehicle was the most excellent cargo SUV, which could overcome large obstacles, and was not afraid of steep ascents and descents, it could almost “swim” fords, the depth of which reached 1.5 meters. Serial production of this model began in January 1981, just before the 26th Congress of the Communist Party.

The name itself shows that the truck was produced at the facilities of KamAZ (Naberezhnye Chelny). But few people know that, in fact, the KamAZ-4310 has Moscow roots and was developed by the design staff of the ZIL association. The engineering staff accepted the order to develop an off-road vehicle back in 1960.

A year later, the technical components were settled, and 10 years were allocated for production. Over the entire period of work on the order, ZIL enterprises assembled about 12 prototypes of a possible KamAZ vehicle. It is interesting that during development, a considerable number of original technical implementations were found, which provided more than 50 copyright certificates for the ZIL engineering staff.

The standard equipment of the truck received a completely new principle of operation of the drive axles. The model was equipped with a permanent drive with 4 cardan shafts. The standard configuration came with a body, which consisted of a metal base, which also included an awning and a frame. The truck was used to transport passengers and various cargo of increased tonnage.

The KamAZ-4310 model can operate in different types of climatic latitudes. It can withstand temperatures from -45 to +50, therefore it is quite popular in many countries around the world.

Cabin interior

The cabin turned out to be 3-seater and has thermal insulation, which, together with noise insulation, allows you to feel more comfortable. They also didn’t forget to introduce an independent hot-air heater. The cab can be tilted forward using a hydraulic lift.

The basic configuration does not have a bed, but it can be installed as a separate option. The driver's seat is sprung and can be adjusted in length, weight and backrest angle. On top of that, the manufacturer provides tropical seat configurations.

It is clear that the interior of the KamAZ-4310 is still very far from its European analogues, but at that time of production the cabin was quite cozy and made it possible not to get so tired during long work. The seats themselves are quite simple. The instrument panel looks spartan, but everything you need is located on the dashboard.

Do not forget that many copies were adopted by the army, where comfort is not so important, but preference is given to maneuverability, reliability and functionality. It is possible to lower the visor on a bright sunny day for both the driver and the passenger.

Modifications

A catalog of KamAZ-4310 modifications will be presented here. The very first modification was so successful that it began to be produced with minor changes from 1981 until the 1990s. Depending on the modification, the cabin came with a hydraulic forward tilt system, and a berth could be installed as a separate option.

Already 8 years later, in 1989, the plant began to produce additional equipment, for example, KamAZ-43101 was sent to help agriculture, equipped with benches that could be removed, which as a result made it possible to transport up to 30 people. In addition to the fact that you can transport passengers, this configuration allows you to use a “2PN-4M” trailer. The standard equipment has a winch and an extra bed.

The same year allowed the release of KamAZ 43106, which differed from the previous version in its reduced dead weight, however, it could carry 1 ton more (7 tons). It was possible to attach a trailer to it, which was often used in the open plan "GKB-8350", or its variation with a folding awning.

The KamAZ 4310 model timber truck could work in hard-to-reach places and required a trailer. The car copes with its tasks perfectly, despite frequent overloads.

The beginning of the 90s showed everyone a semi-makeshift armored version of the Typhoon-1 . This modification has a booth to transport soldiers, and powerful frontal armor plates that can protect the cabin. Good technical characteristics made it possible to take 4310 as the basis for such a modification.

Some may mistakenly believe that this model is precisely the first version of the new anti-terrorist armored personnel carrier "Typhoon", which was made according to orders from the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation. However, everything is not like that. The debut “Typhoons” was shown only in 2011. This is the fruit of the common developments of the engineering staff of the Ural and KamAZ automobile companies. They were not built on the 4310 base.

Typhoon-1 Also, very interestingly, the company released a sports version of the car, which was called C4310. The purpose of production was to participate in rally raids. When they built their debut sports car, specialists borrowed the production version of the KamAZ 4310.

Therefore, the new vehicle was assigned the KamAZ S4310 index. If we talk about the technical stuffing, the base power unit (210 horses) was boosted to 290 horsepower, thanks to the introduction of turbochargers and increased fuel supply.

On top of that, the racing car's engine featured variable profile pistons, torsional vibration dampers, an improved lubrication system, and the cooling system had a viscous coupling and a fan with increased efficiency. The model's chassis had rigid springs and special shock absorbers.

In accordance with FIA standards, roll bars were installed on the truck. Also, the C4310 brand differed in appearance from the base one in that they used a brand new awning, which was painted yellow, while ordinary cars came with a green awning. September 1988 was the truck's first month on the rally road.

The crews of the KamAZ-Master team took part in the Jelcz European Rally, which took place within the city of Wroclaw in Poland. The car was able to take 2nd and 4th place in the individual competition and 1st in the team competition. A few years later, in 1991, the sports truck took 2nd place at the famous Paris-Dakar rally marathon.

After this, the manufacturer carried out the following updates, so already in 1991 KamAZ had a brand new eight-cylinder power unit (KAMAZ 7482), which produced 430 horsepower. Later, it was this engine that became standard for the serial KamAZ.

Main modifications

Successful chassis

The KamAZ 63501 chassis is equipped with various superstructures: crane installations, fire fighting equipment and geological exploration equipment. It finds application in various climatic zones with traffic on difficult routes; towing device of a road train - hook-and-loop.

The car is equipped with an engine of 360 horsepower with a displacement of 11.76 liters. The eight-cylinder overhead valve four-stroke engine with turbocharging and intercooling of charge air complies with the Euro-2 standard. New modifications are equipped with a Euro-3 standard engine.

The technical characteristics of the KamAZ 63501 chassis allow it to transport 16 tons of cargo, or a loaded superstructure not exceeding this weight. At the same time, the mass of a full road train reaches 37900 kg, the maximum speed of a road train is 80 km/h.

The chassis is equipped with two fuel tanks with a volume of 350 and 210 liters, fuel consumption per 100 km is 42 liters. The gearbox is a 16-speed manual gearbox made in Germany with mechanical remote control.

The clutch is single-disk, diaphragm, the hydraulic drive is equipped with a pneumatic booster. The two-stage transfer case provides not only inter-axle, but also inter-wheel locking.

The road train based on the KamAZ-63501 chassis is equipped with four autonomous braking systems: a working system controlled by a pedal on the front panel of the truck cab, a spare system (connected to the parking one) and an auxiliary one. This type of braking system has been successfully tested and has proven itself on other models. The vehicle is equipped with ABC.

The KamAZ-63501 chassis and modifications based on this vehicle, in order to increase the vehicle's maneuverability and good traction on the plane of movement, are equipped with 425/85 R21 single-pitch tires of a special all-terrain type with lugs and pneumatic air pumping, depending on the degree of loading of the superstructure. Model 63501 can be bought at dealerships, the price varies from 3,000,000 to 3,600,000 rubles, mileage cars from 180,000 rubles.

On the chassis of this model, the plant produces the KamAZ-63501-996 flatbed truck with a carrying capacity of 14 tons. For the truck, the trailer weight has been reduced to 11,000 kg; the total weight of the road train should not exceed 26,900 kg. Axle load: 11,100 kg on the front and 15,800 kg on the rear. Just like the base model, the truck is equipped with an all-metal comfortable three-seater cab, which is mounted on top of the engine. At the request of the buyer, the three-seater cabin can be in two versions: with or without a berth.

The driving characteristics of KamAZ-63501-996 do not differ from the base model. The car is designed for off-road use, overcomes a climb angle of 31%, turning radius of 14 meters, maximum speed when loaded is 90 km/h. The truck platform with folding sides can be equipped with a frame and an awning. In dealer centers the price of KamAZ 63501-996 is from 3 to 3.5 million rubles.