KamAZ-5320: its design and technical characteristics

KamAZ-5320 is one of the first representatives in the line of trucks from the Kama plant. A massive onboard tractor is used to work with towed components GKB-8385. Its purpose is to carry out transportation processes in the construction industry and in almost all areas of industrial and economic activity.

The production of KamAZ-5320 started in 1968. For a long time, the Kama Automobile Plant did not dare to restyling the model. Minor cosmetic changes to the truck occurred only in 2000.

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When considering the technical parameters of the vehicle, it becomes clear that the KamAZ-5320 is excellent for long- and short-distance transportation of goods. The tractor feels equally confident on city roads and on intercity highways. The car is adapted to Russian conditions and starts easily even in severe frosts.

The model was exported to 40 countries around the world, earning popularity not only in the domestic market, although it was originally created specifically for domestic consumers.

KamAZ-5320 is an onboard cargo tractor, which is often used as a road train for transporting various cargoes. The car is also known for the fact that many models for transporting medium-tonnage cargo were built on its basis.

Among them:

• base flatbed model 4325;
• truck 53212;
• truck tractor 5401;
• extended tractor 5325;
• dump truck 551.

Specifications

The overall dimensions of KamAZ-5320 (length - 7435 mm, height - 3350 mm, width - 2500 mm) allow you to transport quite massive loads. The tractor can be operated with a load of 8000 kg (45% on the front axle, 55% on the rear axle) and an additional trailer of 8000 kg. The wheelbase of the car is 3190 mm, and the minimum turning radius is 9300 mm.

The mass of the tractor itself is 7080 kg. The maximum load and trailer increase this figure to 26,500 kg. The vehicle's climbing angle is 30%.

The truck's run-out from 50 km/h is 700 m, and the braking distance at a speed of 60 km/h is 36.7 m. The maximum vehicle speed is 80 km/h.

Fuel consumption of KamAZ-5320

Thanks to several upgrades, fuel consumption in the KamAZ-5320 was significantly reduced. This allowed the domestic model to compete on equal terms with foreign analogues. It was the economical processing of fuel that made the truck so popular in the domestic market. For 100 km of travel, the average fuel consumption is about 34 liters.

The tractor is equipped with two types of fuel tanks: 250 and 175 liters. This allows the car to cover significant distances without refueling.

Application in the army

Speaking of tanks. Of course, such a successful machine also found application in military service. Special development for the army - Typhoon.

In addition to the actual use in military transportation, field kitchens, electronic warfare systems, and even a printing and publishing complex designed for the rapid production of army newspapers were installed on the chassis of this truck.

Of course, a lot has changed now, both in the army and in civilian life, but KAMAZ has not yet been forgotten.

Engine

The KamAZ-5320 engine is a 4-stroke diesel unit of the KamAZ-740.10 model with an 8-cylinder design. The engine has a V-shaped cylinder arrangement and closed-type nozzles. The power plant includes an all-mode speed controller, a dry air filter with a clogging indicator and a replaceable filter element, a fuel injection advance clutch and an electric flare device (EFD). Optionally, the unit is equipped with a pre-start heater PZD-30.

Characteristics of the KamAZ-740.10 engine:

• working volume – 10.85 l;
• rated power – 154 (210) kW (hp);
• maximum torque – 637 Nm;
• rotation speed – 2600 rpm.
• cylinder diameter – 120 mm.

General information

The history of KamAZ 5320 began in 1968, when by order of the USSR Ministry of Automotive Industry, the ZIL enterprise was instructed to create a line of heavy 3-axle trucks running on diesel fuel. The production of new cars was to be carried out at a new plant. The company's designers began developing the model in a short time. Several foreign bonnet and hoodless trucks were purchased as samples. More than others, domestic designers liked the American-made International 220. One of the reasons for choosing this model was that the chief designer of ZIL was previously familiar with the products of this brand. The International 220 had a cabover layout, a comfortable cabin, power steering, a powerful diesel unit, a 5-speed gearbox with a front splitter and an effective braking system. There was no doubt about his quality. In the Soviet version, the model received a different cabin with 4 headlights, more rectangular lines and an elegant radiator grille.

In 1969, Soviet specialists presented the debut prototype of a truck called the ZIL 170. Its tests took place on the section of the highway between Uglich and Rybinsk.

A year later, large-scale construction of a plant designed to produce this model began. The enterprise was supposed to combine several production facilities. At the same time, testing of a new truck was underway. In total, the developers tested over 50 different modifications. The main tests carried out in 1970 by representatives of the Yaroslavl Motor Plant revealed many shortcomings. A global modernization followed, after which the assembly of the model was transferred to the KamAZ plant.

In 1974, a new engine was assembled at the company for the car. A year later, production of the first model of the brand, the KamAZ 5320 truck, opened here. The debut vehicles were assembled in early 1976. Over the course of a year, the company produced over 5,000 cars, which quickly sold throughout the country.

The first KamAZ 5320 was a large flatbed tractor with a 3-seater cab without a berth. The cabin tilted forward if necessary and had good thermal insulation. A metal platform with opening sides was used as a body. The flooring was wooden. Some modifications had a removable awning on a metal frame. A powerful 210-horsepower engine provided the traction necessary to move large loads.

Adjusting the Kamaz clutch video

The torque of the crankshaft mechanism is converted by the truck axle gearbox. The key indicator of this element is the ratio of the number of teeth of the drive gears and the teeth of the driven gear connection. They determine the traction characteristics of the car.

KamAZ-5320 is equipped with a transmission, which is a multi-stage system consisting of:

• 2-stage divider;
• 5-speed gearbox.

This mechanism allows, in addition to conventional speed controllers, to obtain additional forward and reverse gears. Some of the main stages also have a synchronizer.

The truck is equipped with a 2-disc clutch, which is still popular. This element operates on the friction principle and is activated by a hydraulic pneumatic booster. It is controlled via peripheral springs. The cardan drive includes two shafts that drive the middle and rear axles.

The KamAZ-5320 frame is produced by riveting and stamping. It consists of two spars with a channel-type cross-section, connected by transverse strips. In front of the frame there is a kind of buffer and side members, in front of which there are special hooks designed for towing. Elastic elements made of rubber materials provide 2-sided shock absorption of the frame.

It is recommended to carry out technical maintenance of the KamAZ-5320 after 100 km, maintenance - after 8000 km. Car maintenance involves diagnosing mechanical and electrical systems, fastening work and lubrication of mechanical connections.

Brake system diagram

The tractor cabin is designed for three people. In addition to the driver's seat, there are two auxiliary seats. However, there is no sleeping place in the car. In comparison with analogues, the KamAZ-5320 cabin is distinguished by the highest level of thermal insulation. Safe operation is ensured by special restraint belts. The driver's seat can be adjusted for weight and is equipped with a customizable backrest and cushion.

KamAZ-5320 cabin

The cabin contains all the necessary instrumentation and indicators that allow the driver to obtain information about the condition of the vehicle. The dashboard also features a warning system with good visibility of dials and switches.

The KamAZ-5320 body includes a metal platform with rear and side sides with an opening function. This ensures convenient unloading and loading of transported cargo from any side. The platform floor is made of wood. Additionally, installation of an awning is provided.

Due to the availability of a wide range of parts for this car on the market, replacing individual elements in the event of their breakdown will not be particularly difficult. Compared to foreign models, repairing a KamAZ-5320 will cost much less.

Models of KamAZ vehicles based on chassis 5320

The KamAZ 5320 is a three-axle flatbed tractor-trailer with a 6x4 wheel arrangement. Despite the fact that the model was rightfully considered the most successful, in order to increase the functionality of the vehicle based on the 5320 chassis, other vehicles for cargo transportation were developed:

• KamAZ 551 dump truck - has good maneuverability, resistance to different climatic conditions, unloading takes little time;
• extended tractor 5325 - a two-axle vehicle used primarily for work with a trailer of the same size;
• medium-duty truck 53212 - considered an extended version of KamAZ 5320;
• KamAZ 5410 truck tractor - a design that includes a fifth-wheel coupling mechanism with two degrees of freedom.

The basic model 5320, like all types of cars created on its basis, is widely used in various industries: agriculture, construction, mining sites, for transporting cargo of various volumes, etc.

Advantages and disadvantages

The creation of the KamAZ-5320 truck and the construction of the Kama Automobile Plant was one of the last significant successes of Soviet heavy industry.

The new car had a very significant set of various advantages:

1. Significant load capacity with moderate fuel consumption for those times;
2. Ease of management and technical operation;
3. Low price for a car of this class;
4. Comfortable cabin compared to other trucks;
5. Diesel engine - this significantly reduced the cost of purchasing fuel, since diesel fuel was cheaper than gasoline;
6. Good cross-country ability, including on dirt roads;
7. Possibility of forming heavy road trains.

The main drawback of the new machine was the extremely low quality of many of its components. This led to frequent breakdowns, but repairs often did not help: for some components the defect rate exceeded 80%, which was, of course, a complete disaster.

KamAZ repairs sometimes have to be performed much more often than we would like

As mass production was mastered, the situation began to change for the better, but “civilian” drivers had to envy their military colleagues for a long time - KamAZ-4310 all-terrain vehicles were assembled from much higher quality parts.

In modern conditions, the Russian truck already looks outdated. Cabin comfort, once a delight, is now considered tolerable at best. Particular complaints are associated with the engine, or more precisely, with the exhaust gas system, because of which KamAZ trucks are sometimes surrounded by a whole cloud of suffocating smoke.

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Appearance

So, what is the KamAZ-5320 if you look at it externally? This is a tractor that can work in conjunction with a GKB trailer. The carrying capacity is more than decent - 8 tons, but in a towed trailer you can grab another “eight”. The KamAZ 5320 body is a metal platform, where the side sides and the rear can be opened.

Thanks to this, it is possible to provide more comfortable loading and unloading of any cargo on each of the three sides. The floor was made using durable wood. If necessary, you can install a protective awning.

The very appearance of the car from the Kama plant is quite recognizable, because even today you can often see them on various roads. Although, it is worth admitting that the cabin, frankly speaking, is outdated and needs new modernization or, even better, a completely new design.

The curb weight of the 5320 model is just over 7 tons, the trailer weighs 3.5 tons. If the road train is fully loaded, its total weight can reach 26.5 tons. Now let's go over the dimensions.

The length of the KamAZ-5320 stretches 7.43 meters, and the width - 2.5 meters. The height of the truck is 3350 mm, but the wheelbase is 3190 plus 1320 mm.

Repair and service

The operation of such a complex vehicle as the KamAZ-5320 requires careful adherence to the maintenance regulations established for these vehicles. Maintenance can be daily, scheduled (TO-1 and TO-2), seasonal (STO) and unscheduled. The latter is performed when the vehicle breaks down or when obvious defects are detected during the daily check.

The maintenance frequency depends on the operating conditions and is shown in the following diagram:

Operating a KamAZ-5320 vehicle in mountainous areas, on highways or on the streets of large cities is equivalent to traveling on a dirt road.

Truck repairs are usually carried out after drawing up a defect list, in which all detected defects are entered. If any small parts break down, it is recommended to replace the entire assembly at once, since it is possible that other elements may soon fail due to poor operating conditions.