The all-wheel drive flatbed truck GAZ 3308 with the working name “Sadko” began to roll off the assembly line of the Gorky Automobile Plant in December 1997. True, the Gorky residents created the prototype of this two and a half ton all-wheel drive 2 years earlier, assembling it under the symbol GAZ-3309P. The car was a logical development of the famous "Shishiga" with its engine located under the cabin (which made the car dangerous for the driver if it was detonated by a mine), and was initially aimed, like the GAZ-66 "Shishiga", at the army. The axles and transmission are the same as on the GAZ-66-40. But the hood version of the cabin was taken from the previously developed Gaz-3309, however, the wings above the wheels are made with enlarged arches, which made it easier to access the shock absorbers and drives during maintenance and repair.
4.1. Total information
| Automobile model | GAZ-33081 (with diesel engine) | GAZ-3308 (with engine ZMZ-5231) |
| Vehicle type | Two-axle cargo truck, with drive on both axles | |
| Vehicle load capacity, kg | 2000 | |
| Gross vehicle weight, kg | 6300 | 5950 |
| Weight of the vehicle in running order (without additional equipment), kg | 4065 | 3710 |
| Overall dimensions, mm: | ||
| - length | 6250 | |
| — width (across the platform) | 2340 | |
| — height (in the cabin without load) | 2570 | |
| — height (on the awning without load) | 2780 | |
| Base, mm | 3770 | |
| Front wheel track, mm | 1820 | |
| Rear wheel track, mm | 1770 | |
| Vehicle ground clearance, mm | 315 | |
| Turning radius of the vehicle along the track axis of the front outer wheel, m | 11 | |
| Highest speed with full load, without a trailer, on horizontal sections of a flat highway, km/h | 85 90–95 | |
| Fuel consumption when driving at a constant speed, l/100 km | ||
| — 40 km/h | 13,5 | — |
| — 60 km/h | 17 | 22 |
| Overhang angle (with full load),°: | ||
| - front | 48 | |
| - rear | 32 | |
| Maximum angle of incline overcome by a vehicle at full vehicle weight, °, not less | 31 | |
| Depth of wading on hard bottom, no more than, m | 1,0 | |
| Loading height, mm | 1360 | |
Model history and purpose
The debut generation of GAZ 3308 appeared in 1997.
The car was positioned as a replacement for the GAZ 66, which was obsolete by that time. At the same time, the designers of the Gorky Automobile Plant tried to retain the best qualities of its predecessor in the new model. Attempts to create the GAZ 3308 were made already in the late 1980s. Then the developers tried to unify the existing version of the GAZ 66. In 1990, the premiere of the military GAZ 3301 took place, the distinctive feature of which was the new diesel engine. However, due to the collapse of the USSR, plans to create a fundamentally new model had to be postponed, and production of the GAZ-66 continued.
Development of the GAZ 3308 soon resumed, but at a slower pace. New market and army requirements made it necessary to create a car with improved performance. It was decided to abandon the cabover layout, characteristic of the GAZ 66, due to the high danger for the driver, low level of comfort, poor ergonomics and difficulty in repair. As a result, a completely new-looking cabin was developed, some of the elements of which were borrowed from the GAZ 3309.
The Gorky Automobile Plant presented the first prototype of the model with the index GAZ 3309P in 1995. After 2 years, serial production of the GAZ 3308 began. Soon the truck began to be exported to some CIS countries.
In 2003, Sadko underwent its first small update. External changes were minimal. The D-245.7 turbodiesel, corresponding to the Euro-2 class, has appeared in the line of units. In the winter of 2013, production of modifications with the YaMZ-53442 (Euro-4) turbodiesel began.
In the summer of 2014, the premiere of an updated version of the GAZ 3308, called “Sadko Next” and having a load capacity of 3000 kg, took place.
The car was supplied in various versions. The most popular of them:
- basic GAZ 3308 with a ZMZ-5231.10 carburetor unit;
- GAZ 3308 “Jager” with an extended 5-seater 2-row cab from;
- GAZ 33081 - version with a turbocharged MMZ D-245.7 engine;
- GAZ 33081 “Jager 2” with a 5-seater 2-row cabin;
- GAZ 33082 – model with GAZ-562 turbodiesel;
- GAZ 33086 “Countryman” - a 4-ton car with a dual-pitch rear axle;
- GAZ 33088 with a turbocharged YaMZ-53442 unit;
- MTP-1 is a technical assistance vehicle based on the GAZ 3308.
The latest modification of the GAZ 3308 is practically no different from its predecessor. The layout of the body and cabin is practical, and the headlights and turn signals have a traditional round shape. They are placed separately and are not built into the bumper. Damage to one of the devices does not affect the operation of the others. The modular design allows you to replace the required element in the shortest possible time.
4.2. Engine and its systems
| Model | D-245.7 E2 | ZMZ-5231 | |
| Type | Diesel, 4-stroke, turbocharged, charge air cooled, liquid cooled | Gasoline, 4-stroke carburetor, liquid cooling | |
| Number and arrangement of cylinders | 4, vertical in a row | 8, V-shaped | |
| Cylinder operating order | 1–3–4–2 | 1–5–4–2–6–3–7–8 | |
| Crankshaft rotation direction | Right | ||
| Cylinder diameter and piston stroke, mm | 110×125 | 92×88 | |
| Working volume, l | 4,75 | 4,67 | |
| Compression ratio | 17 | 7,6 | |
| Rated net power, kW (hp), not less than: | |||
| at a crankshaft speed of 2400 min-1 | 86,2 (117,2) | — | |
| at a crankshaft speed of 3200 min-1 | — | 83 (112,8) | |
| Maximum net torque, N*m (kgf*m): | |||
| at a crankshaft speed of 1300–1600 min-1 | 413 (42) | — | |
| at a crankshaft speed of 2200–2250 min-1 | — | 290 (29,5) | |
| Minimum stable crankshaft rotation speed at idle, min-1 | 800 | 600 | |
| Ventilation system | Open | Closed | |
| High pressure fuel pump (HFP) | In-line, 4-piston, spool type, 773–20.05E2 with all-mode speed controller, booster pump and stop electromagnet | — | |
| Fuel lift pump | Plunger type for manual and automatic fuel pumping | — | |
| Injectors | FDM-22; 455.1112010–50 or 172.1112010–11.01 closed type; injection start pressure 27.0-1.2 MPa (240 kgf/cm2) | — | |
| Carburetor | — | K-135G, two-chamber, balanced, with falling flow | |
| Speed limiter | — | Pneumatic centrifugal type | |
| Heating the working mixture | — | Liquid | |
| Fuel filters: | |||
| - rough cleaning | Settling filter with mesh filter element | Settlement filter with slot filter element | |
| — fine cleaning | Non-separable, with filter paper element | ||
| Air filter | Dry type, with replaceable paper filter element, maximum clogging indicator | Dry type, with replaceable paper filter element, with adjustable air supply | |
| Lubrication system | Combined, pressure and spray | ||
| Oil radiator | Full-flow, always on or liquid-oil heat exchanger built into the engine | Partial flow, switchable | |
| Oil filter | Non-separable, with paper filter element | Full flow, with replaceable filter element | |
| Cooling system | Liquid, closed, with forced circulation of coolant, with expansion tank | ||
| Antitoxic systems | — | Muffler converter with oxygen sensor | |
| Open crankcase ventilation system | The crankcase ventilation system is closed, with forced gas suction | ||
| Pressurization system | Gas turbine, with one turbocharger S14–179–01 or TKR6.1, with a radial centripetal turbine, a centrifugal compressor and a tubular-plate type charge air cooler | — | |
| Glow plugs | 11720720 f.AET, Slovenia | — | |
4.3. Transmission
| Automobile model | GAZ-33081 | GAZ-3308 |
| Clutch | Single-disk, dry, friction, with a torsional vibration damper in the driven disk. Clutch drive - hydraulic | |
| With diaphragm compression spring | With peripheral compression springs | |
| Transmission | Mechanical, 5-speed, constant meshing gears, fully synchronized (except 1st gear and reverse) | |
| — gear ratios | ||
| 1st gear | 6,55 | |
| 2nd gear | 3,933 | |
| III gear | 2,376 | |
| IV gear | 1,442 | |
| V gear | 1,000 | |
| Reverse | 5,735 | |
| Transfer case | Mechanical, with direct and low gears. Low gear ratio - 1.982 | |
| Drive axles | The main gear is a conical, hypoid type. | |
| Gear ratio - 6.83 (GAZ-3308), 5.5 (GAZ-33081). The differential is cam type. The steering knuckles of the front axle have constant velocity joints. | ||
Price of new and used GAZ 3308
The new GAZ 3308 is offered in several modifications, differing markedly in price. The most common models currently are “Sadko” and “Countryman”. The first in the basic configuration with a 125-horsepower unit will cost 1.655 million rubles. The cost of a “Countryman” truck with a 117-horsepower engine starts at 1.403 million rubles. Additional options or other add-ons can significantly increase the price.
There are quite a lot of used GAZ 3308 on the Russian market. Models from 2003-2005 will cost from 220,000 to 450,000 rubles, versions from 2007-2009 - from 500,000 to 750,000 rubles.
4.4. Chassis
| Frame | Stamped, riveted, with front side member extensions and rear bumpers |
| Wheels | Disc, with rim 228G-457, with side and split locking rings |
| Tires | Pneumatic, radial, size 12.00 R18 model KI-115A |
| Front wheel installation: | Wheel camber angle - 0°45′ |
| Angle of lateral inclination of the kingpin - 9° | |
| The angle of inclination of the lower end of the kingpin forward is 3°30′ | |
| Wheel toe - 2–5 mm | |
| Front and rear suspension | With longitudinal semi-elliptic springs, with double-acting hydraulic telescopic shock absorbers, with rubber compression springs in the rear suspension |
Design
The GAZ-3308 all-terrain vehicle has a hood layout and is built on a frame chassis.
The vehicle is designed to transport goods or people on paved roads, as well as off-road.
The design of the car allows use at temperatures down to minus 45⁰С. Some cars are equipped with a pre-heater, the control panel of which is located under the hood on the side bolster.
Frame
The GAZ-3308 all-terrain vehicle uses a steel frame made from stamped elements. The parts are connected to each other with rivets. Extensions are installed on the front part of the side members. On the front of the side members there are towing devices, which are a U-shaped fork with a kingpin inserted into the holes. The rear cross member is equipped with an additional kingpin fork, adapted for mounting a trailer.
On the side parts of the all-terrain vehicle's side members, brackets are installed for fixing fuel tanks with a capacity of 105 liters. The tanks are located behind the cabin of the all-terrain vehicle. Normal fuel is A-80 gasoline. The plant allows the use of A-92 gasoline with an increase in ignition timing.
Engine
The GAZ-3308 all-terrain vehicle uses a ZMZ-5231 8-cylinder gasoline engine. The engine is based on the power unit from the GAZ-53/66. The difference is the cylinder diameter increased to 92 mm, which made it possible to increase the working volume to 4670 cm³.
Due to the volume, the torque has increased, which is 290 N*m. Maximum engine power is 113 hp, achieved at 3200 rpm. Early versions of the car were equipped with a 130-horsepower engine without a neutralizer.
To meet environmental requirements, the engine is equipped with a catalytic converter located in the muffler.
The converter is equipped with a lambda probe, which sends signals to the electronic control unit. The unit adjusts engine operation by adjusting the ignition timing.
Transmission and suspension
The GAZ-3308 all-terrain vehicle is equipped with a single-plate clutch. The driven disk has a damper in its design that reduces vibrations that occur when the crankshaft rotates.
The torque from the clutch is supplied to the input shaft of the 5-speed gearbox. The gearbox does not have an overdrive and is equipped with synchronizers in all gears except first and reverse. The traction range is expanded by installing a 2-speed gearbox with direct and low range. The gearbox distributes torque between the axles.
The front and rear axles of the all-terrain vehicle are of a unified design, equipped with a hypoid main pair and a cam differential mechanism. Steering knuckles equipped with constant velocity joints are mounted on the front axle.
Some GAZ-3308 are equipped with an additional power take-off gearbox mounted on the gearbox housing. The gearbox has one gear. The output shaft of the gearbox is connected by a cardan transmission to a winch mounted between the front extensions of the frame side members.
The axles of the GAZ-3308 all-terrain vehicle are installed on leaf springs, supplemented by double-acting hydraulic shock absorbers.
At the rear there are additional rubber buffer springs that work in compression.
Brake system
The all-terrain vehicle uses pneumatic-hydraulic brakes, supplemented by an anti-lock braking system. The brakes have two independent circuits, each of which serves its own axle. The GAZ-3308 uses a circuit duplication system. There are cars without an ABS system.
The ABS unit is equipped with three channels and a pneumatic booster. Each channel has a separate brake cylinder. The air supply is supplied from a single-cylinder compressor mounted on the engine. Four working receivers with a volume of 20 liters (3 pcs.) and 5 liters (1 pc.) are installed on the frame. Each wheel has a separate drum brake equipped with an automatic slack adjuster.
The auxiliary braking system is used to keep the GAZ-3308 parked. The working drum is located on the transmission of the all-terrain vehicle and is controlled by a cable drive from a lever in the cabin.
Steering and tires
The GAZ-3308 all-terrain vehicle is equipped with hydraulic power steering. The gearbox consists of a screw connected to the steering shaft and a ball nut. The steering column has no adjustment and is covered with a plastic casing on top. The steering wheel is two-spoke, plastic. The lighting, wipers and sound signal are controlled by a double steering column switch.
The GAZ-3308 all-terrain vehicle is equipped with pneumatic tires of size 12.00R18.
The standard delivery uses rubber model KI-115A with a radial cord arrangement. Steel wheels are equipped with split rings. The splint is secured using rings.
The tires are equipped with a pressure regulation system, which allows you to increase the cross-country ability of the GAZ-3308. The pressure is changed by rotating the regulator installed in the cabin.
Cabin
The GAZ-3308 car is equipped with an all-metal cabin with two hinged doors. The cabin interior has two separate seats for the driver and one passenger. The driver's seat can be adjusted according to the distance to the pedals, as well as the angle of the backrest. Additionally, the seat tilts back using a special adjustment bolt located on the front of the cushion frame.
The standard equipment in the cabin of the GAZ-3308 all-terrain vehicle includes inertial seat belts. A liquid heater connected to the engine cooling system is used to heat the cabin. The air is supplied by a fan. The air ducts are located on the windshield, at the feet, and also on the side windows of the doors. In the summer, air circulation is ensured by lowering the glass in the doors or turning the corner vents.
Behind the GAZ-3308 cab, a platform is installed on transverse and longitudinal bars. At the customer's request, the platform is made of metal or wood. The platform can be equipped with removable side grilles and arches for the awning.
Platform dimensions:
- length – 3390 mm;
- width – 2145 mm;
- side height (side) – 900 mm.
The platform is equipped with a lighting lamp and a buzzer button installed in the driver's cabin. The side boards are fixed, the rear side is folded down. Folding benches are installed along the side sides.
There is a safety strap between the side panels that extends above the edge of the rear panel. The front side of the GAZ-3308 platform is used to install a spare wheel bracket. Raising and lowering the spare wheel is carried out by a mechanical cable winch.
Devices
In front of the driver of the GAZ-3308 there is an instrument panel on which dial indicators, warning lamps and several switches are installed. List of devices:
- a speedometer equipped with a total mileage counter is installed in the center;
- on the right are pressure gauges that measure tire pressure and pressure in the front axle brake circuit;
- Below are an ammeter and a pressure indicator in the rear axle brake circuit;
- a cooling system thermometer is installed on the left, equipped with a red system emergency indicator;
- Next to it is a lubrication system pressure gauge with a built-in light indicator for emergency pressure drop;
- Below there is a fuel level indicator with a reserve remaining indicator (triggered when there are 12 liters of gasoline remaining).
4.6. Brake control
| Service brake system | Double-circuit, with separate axle braking, with a pneumatic-hydraulic drive, with an anti-lock braking system (ABS) ABS - 3-channel, with a modulator and a pneumatic booster, with a master brake cylinder in each channel. The pneumatic part of the drive includes a compressor, an air dryer with a pressure regulator and receivers (3 pcs. - 20 l each, 1 pc. - 5 l). Brake mechanisms - shoe, drum type |
| Parking brake system | Transmission, with a mechanical cable drive with a fork release mechanism. Brake mechanism - shoe, drum type |
| Spare brake system | Each circuit of the service brake system |
4.7. Electrical equipment
| Automobile model | GAZ-33081 | GAZ-3308 |
| Wiring system | Single-wire, negative terminals of power supplies and consumers are connected to the car body | |
| Network voltage, V | 24 | 12 |
| Generator | 5101.3701–01 or ГГ273В1–3 AC, with built-in rectifier and voltage regulator | G-287 AC, with built-in rectifier |
| Accumulator battery | 6ST-55A3 or 6ST-55A13 or 6ST-55 Titan or 6ST-55A73 (all 4 pcs.) | 6ST-75A1 or 6ST-77A (but 1 pc.) |
| Starter | AZJ 3381 or 6ST 230R | ST-230-A1 or 8802.3708 |
| Voltage regulator | — | 2702.3702 |
| Ignition system | — | Battery operated, contactless |
| Ignition coil | — | B116–03 or 4715.3705 |
| Sensor-distributor | — | 24.3706–10 |
| Switch | — | 131.3734 or 131.3704–01 or 90–3734 or 94–3734–01 |
| Spark plug | — | AIR |
| Wiper | 711.5205 | 20.5205 |
| headlight | 62.3711–19 | 62.3711–18 |
| Direction indicators | 511.3726–10 | 51.3726–10 |
| Front lights | PF130–3712G or PF130AB-3712–01 | PF130–3712 V or PF 130A-3712 |
| Tail lights | 354.3716 - right 355.3716 - left | 356.3716 - right 357.3716 - left |
| Reversing light | FP135–3716-G or 2112.3711–02 | FP135–3716-V or 2102.3711–02 |
| Rear fog light | 2462.3716 | 2452.3716 |
| Rear contour lights | 262.3712010 | 263.3720010 |
| Front contour lights | 441.3712010 or 4612.3712010 | 44.3712010 or 4602.3712010 |
| Side marker lights | 4802.3731000–03 | 4802.3731000–02 |
| Side indicator | 551.3726010–10 | 51.3726010–10 |
| Control unit Mikas 11 V8 engine | — | 281.3763000–02 |
| Electromagnetic relay | — | 85.3747000 or 90.3747000–10 or 113.3747010–10 |
| Absolute pressure sensor | — | 45.3829000 or LGFI.406231.004 |
| Oxygen sensor | — | 25.368889 |
Application
The GAZ-3308 “Sadko” all-terrain vehicle has replaced the “shishiga” in the army and is used to deliver personnel and military cargo. Closed vans of the “kung” type can be installed on the chassis base, designed to accommodate equipment or as staff vehicles. The onboard army GAZ-3308 is used to tow 120 mm 2B16 “Nona-K” guns and transport crews.
Civilian vehicles are used as trucks to deliver goods off-road. The cars are in demand as shift vehicles. A number of fire trucks have been created on the basis of the GAZ-3308, which are used to fight fires in remote areas. An example of a fire engine is the ATs-1.0-30 tanker truck.
There are Sadko variants with a two-row cab, used in public utilities.
It is possible to produce special vans upon request. An example of a car of this type is the GAZ-3308 “Taiga”.
4.8. Special equipment (installed on parts of GAZ-33081 vehicles)
| Power take-off | Mechanical. Has two gears - for winding and unwinding the cable |
| Winch | Traction, single drum, horizontal. The gearbox type is worm gear, with a globoid modified transmission, with a lower worm location and an automatic brake. The gear ratio is 24. The cable length is 50 m. The winch is driven by a cardan shaft from the power take-off. The maximum traction force on the cable is 29.4 kN (3000 kgf) with a fully wound cable (upper row of winding) and 39–44 kN (4000–4500 kgf) with a fully unwound cable (lower row of winding) |
4.9. Cabin and platform
| Cabin | Metal, double, two-door |
| Platform | Metal or wood-metal, with removable grilles and arches, an awning, with a lampshade for lighting and a button for an audible alarm, with a rear folding side, with longitudinal side folding seats, with a safety belt over the rear side |
| Platform dimensions (internal), mm: | |
| - length | 3390 |
| - width | 2145 |
| - side height | 900 |
4.10. Basic data for adjustments and control
| Automobile model | GAZ-33081 | GAZ-3308 |
| Gaps between valve stems and rocker arms on a cold engine, mm | ||
| - intake | 0,25-0,05+0,30 | 0,20–0,30 (0,15–0,20)* |
| — graduations | 0,45-0,05+0,30 | 0,20–0,30 (0,15–0,20)* |
| Oil pressure** (at oil temperature 80–85° C), kPa (kgf/cm2): | ||
| — at a nominal crankshaft speed of 2400 min -1 | 250–350 (2,5–3,5) | — |
| — when driving in direct gear at a speed of 60 km/h | — | 250–350 (2,5–3,5) |
| - at minimum idle speed | 80 (0,8) | 90 (0,9) |
| Optimal fluid temperature in the engine cooling system, °C | 80–90 | |
| Minimum crankshaft rotation speed at idle speed, min -1 | 800 | 600 |
| Gap between spark plug electrodes, mm | — | 0,85–1,0 |
| Adjustable voltage, V | 27,1–30,1 | 13–15,2 |
| Deflection of fan and generator drive belts when pressed with a force of 4 daN (4 kgf), mm | 12–17 | 10–15 |
| Deflection of compressor belts and power steering pump at a load of 3.4–4.4 daN (3–4 kgf), mm | — | 15–20 |
| Clutch pedal free play, mm | 10–30 | 40–55 |
| Full travel of the clutch pedal, mm | 190–200 | |
| Free travel of brake pedal, mm | 5–10 | |
| Total play of the steering wheel with the engine running in a position corresponding to straight-line motion, °, no more | 10 | |
| Tire air pressure, kPa (kgf/cm2): | ||
| - front wheels | 340–360 (3,5–3,7) | |
| - rear wheels | 440–460 (4,5–4,7) | |
| Movement of the parking brake lever when applying a force of 55–60 daN (55–60 kgf) | 15-20 teeth | |
* Allowed for the outer valves of both rows (intake 1 and 8, exhaust 4 and 5 cylinders). ** For control purposes, not subject to adjustment.
Prospects
Since 2014, GAZ has been increasingly using the very comfortable cabin from Gazelle Next. The heir to Sadko with this prefix has already been presented.
But despite this, the veteran is not going to retire. Firstly, it's cheaper. Secondly, it contains fewer imported parts (although the engine is the same, and the chassis has only been modernized). Judging by the manufacturer's data, the performance characteristics of the GAZ 3308 have changed insignificantly. Well, the comfort of military personnel is not important to the army, and therefore we can say with confidence that for a long time they will continue to receive 3308 vehicles of the old, “deserved” generation, which has been produced for almost 20 years.
